climate. what is climate? climate - the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general over a...
TRANSCRIPT
CLIMATECLIMATE
What is Climate?What is Climate?
Climate - the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general over a long period
Climate ZonesClimate Zones
Tundra
Desert
Tundra
Desert
Rain Forest
Deciduous Forest
Rain Forest
Deciduous Forest
Climate BrainPOP
Factors Affecting ClimateFactors Affecting Climate
Temperature Factors
Rainfall Factors
2. Mountains - Orographic Precipitation2. Mountains - Orographic Precipitation
1. Latitude• Average Yearly Temperature
• Yearly Temperature Range2. Altitude3. Ocean Currents4. Marine Vs.
Continental
1. Latitude1. Latitude
Latitude - Average Yearly TemperatureLatitude - Average Yearly Temperature
0° 90 °
Latitude
Avg. Yearly Temp.
• The area that receives the most direct rays of the Sun (equator, 0°) will have the highest yearly temperatures.
• The area that receives the least direct rays of the sun (poles, 90°) will have the lowest yearly temperatures.
• As latitude increases, average yearly temperatures decreases
Latitude - Yearly Temperature RangeLatitude - Yearly Temperature Range
Tem
pera
ture
JFMAMJJASOND
Month
Low Latitudes
High Latitudes
Mid Latitudes
• Equatorial areas receive the direct rays of the Sun for most of the year. Therefore, the yearly temperature does not change much.
Latitude - Yearly Temperature RangeLatitude - Yearly Temperature Range
0° 90 °
Latitude
• As latitude increases, yearly temperature range increases
Altitude - Average Yearly Temperature RangeAltitude - Average Yearly Temperature Range
Low average yearly temperature range
High average yearly temperature range
• Altitude - the height of an object above sea level.
Altitude - Average Yearly Temperature Altitude - Average Yearly Temperature
Altitude
• As altitude increases, average yearly temperature decreases
Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents
Animation
• Ocean currents move warm water from the equator towards the poles.
• Ocean currents move cold water from the poles back to the equator to be heated again. (pg. _4_ of ESRT)
Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents
Marine vs. Continental Marine vs. Continental • Sea or land locations affects temperature ranges. Since land gains and loses heat much more quickly than water, land areas tend to have warmer summers and cooler winters. Coastal areas near the ocean have cooler summers and milder/warmer winters.
• Coastal areas have marine climates with a small yearly temperature range and areas inland have continental climates with a larger yearly temperature range
Marine Vs. ContinentalMarine Vs. Continental
Interactive Climate Map Interactive Climate Map
This graph shows the average monthly temperatures for two cities, A and B, which are both located at 41ºN latitude.
Why is there a difference in the average yearly temperature range for the two cities?
• Because City A is located inland (continental) and
City B is located near water (marine)
Rainfall Factors - LatitudeRainfall Factors - Latitude
Animation
• Uneven heating of the Earth produces global wind & pressure belts. These belts determine the wetness or dryness of an area.
• Low Pressure - rising air creates precipitation• High Pressure - sinking air creates a lack of precipitation
Latitude ContinuedLatitude Continued
What latitudes are areas of low pressure? What is the climate like there?
What latitudes are areas of high pressure? What is the climate like there?
What latitudes are areas of low pressure? What is the climate like there?
What latitudes are areas of high pressure? What is the climate like there?
0°, 60°N, 60°S
High rainfall
30°N, 30°S, 90°N, 90°S
Low rainfall
Orographic PrecipitationOrographic Precipitation
rises1. Rises2. Expands
3. Cools
5. Precipitation
4.Condenses
8. Warms
7. Compresses
6. Sinks
Humid/Moist Arid/Dry
Warm air
WindwardWINDWARD LEEWARD
Windward Vs. LeewardWindward Vs. Leeward
• Rainfall occurs on the windward side of the mountain where the air is rising.
• Cool & Wet
• It is dry on the leeward side of the mountain where the air is sinking.
• Warm & Dry
Orographic Precipitation VideoOrographic Precipitation Video
El NinoEl Nino
Animation
• A warming of the surface water of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, occurring every 4 to 12 years and causing unusual global weather patterns.
• El Nino brings heavy rain to western South American and drought to eastern Australia and Indonesia.
El Nino VideoEl Nino Video
Lake Effect SnowLake Effect Snow
• The air moving over the water needs to be cooler than the water.
• The surface of the lake can’t be frozen
Lake Effect SnowLake Effect Snow
• Water begins evaporating off of the surface of the lake into the air.• Fetch - distance over open water
• The greater distance the wind blows over the warm water, the greater the convection /evaporation.
Lake Effect SnowLake Effect Snow
Warm air over water begins to
Warm air over water begins to
RISE
EXPAND
COOL
CONDENSES
CLOUD FORMATION
Lake Effect SnowLake Effect Snow
In some localities, wind blowing from a lake onshore is forced to climb up hills creating the orographic effect
In some localities, wind blowing from a lake onshore is forced to climb up hills creating the orographic effect
Lake Effect Snow VideoLake Effect Snow Video
Areas Affected by Lake Effect
Areas Affected by Lake Effect
