climate, vegetation, and landforms · landforms created by water } river : a large natural stream...
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Climate, Vegetation, and Landforms
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Definitions
Climate is the average weather of a place over many years Geographers discuss five broad types of climates
ú Moderate, dry, tropical, continental, polar
Vegetation: plants that grow naturally within a climate region
Landform: an area of the Earth’s surface with a definite shape
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Michigan Vegetation
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Climate Regions
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Moderate Climate
Found in the middle latitudes, this climate has moderate rainfall, temperatures that rarely fall below freezing, and varied vegetation.
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Moderate Climate
Forests include deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves in fall), shrubs, low bushes, wildflowers, and a variety of grasses.
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Dry Climate
A dry, hot climate with little rain and sandy, gravelly soil.
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Dry Climate
Vegetation is sparse and plant roots are shallow to absorb water before it evaporates.
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Dry Climate
Some plants have small leaves, which lose little moisture.
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Tropical Climate
Found in the low latitudes, this climate is hot, wet, and sunny.
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Tropical Climate
The vegetation is tropical rain forest with thousands of kinds of plants.
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Tropical Climate
Trees grow to 130 feet (40 meters). Other trees, vines, and ferns grow in their shade.
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Continental Climate
Summer temperatures are moderate to hot; winters are cold.
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Continental Climate
Vegetation includes grasslands and forests.
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Continental Climate
Large deciduous forests occur where temperatures are moderate, while colder regions have coniferous trees (trees with needles and cones). Deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed. For example, deciduous trees or shrubs lose their leaves seasonally. They may also shed petals after flowering or fruit when ripe.
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Polar Climate
This climate is found in the high latitudes and is cold all year
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Polar Climate
Vegetation includes low shrubs, mosses, and lichens (plants that grow on rocks). There are no trees and few flowering plants.
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Landforms Created by Water
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Landforms Created by Water
River: A large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or other body of water Ecosystem: aquatic plants, fish, birds, beavers
ú An ecosystem is a collection of living things (plants, animals, and their environment) and the environment in which they live
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Landforms Created by Water
River delta: deposit of clay, silt, and sand formed at the mouth of a river
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Landforms Created by Water
Lakes: an inland/enclosed body of water Ecosystem: aquatic plants, fish, frogs, ducks
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Landforms Created by Water
Waterfall: a steep drop of the water of a river
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Landforms Created by Water
Beach: the shore of a body of water Ecosystem : microscopic algae, insects
ú Algae is a flowerless plant with an extremely simple structure. It is usually green, but in the seaweeds it is often beautifully colored
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Landforms Created by Water
Bay: a body of water partly enclosed by land but having a wide outlet to the sea Ecosystem: varies based on location
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Landforms Created by Water
Peninsula: a piece of land connected to a larger landmass and surrounded on three sides by water Ecosystem: varies based on location
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Landforms Created by Water
Island: a piece of land surrounded entirely by water Ecosystem: varies based on location
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Landforms Created by Wind
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Landforms Created by Wind
Desert: a dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation Ecosystem: shrubs, Prickly Pears, cacti, kangaroo coyote, lizards
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Landforms Created by Wind
Sand Dunes: a hill or ridge of sand deposited by wind
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Plains and Tundra
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Plains and Tundra
Plain: a large area of flat or gently rolling land
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Plains and Tundra
Tundra: a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line
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Volcanic Landforms
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Volcanic Landforms
Volcanoes: an opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected
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Volcanic Landforms
Caldera: a large crater formed by volcanic explosion or by collapse of a volcanic cone Crater Lake: a lake of southwest Oregon in a volcanic crater
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Volcanic Landforms
Geyser: hot spring from which water and steam are ejected periodically
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Mountainous Landforms
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Mountainous Landforms
Mountain: a landform with steep sides that rises more than 2,000 feet above sea level
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Mountainous Landforms
Mountain range: a single line of connected mountains
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Mountainous Landforms
Plateau: a large, mostly flat area that rises above the surrounding land
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Mountainous Landforms
Valley: a long depression in the land between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands
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Mountain Ecosystems
If you climb from base to peak of a big mountain, you will pass through a number of different types of plant community.
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Mountain Ecosystems
The foothills may be covered in broadleaved forests
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Mountain Ecosystems
Higher up, coniferous trees like spruce and pines appear.
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Mountain Ecosystems
As you climb higher it gets colder and colder and the trees eventually thin out and disappear. The highest parts of the mountain support only sparse grasses and lowgrowing alpine flowers. ú If the mountain is high enough even this vegetation disappears and the peak is bare and rocky and perhaps covered in snow and ice.
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Glacial Landforms
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Glacial Landforms
Arête: a sharp, narrow mountain ridge or spur
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Glacial Landforms
Cirque: a steepwalled semicircular basin in a mountain; may contain a lake
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Glacial Landforms
Horn: formed when several glaciers cut into a mountain peak
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Time to Work on Your Booklets
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Label the Booklet Pages
Label the booklet pages as follows, starting with the smallest (blue) page Landforms Created by Water Landforms Created by Wind Plains and Tundra Volcanic Landforms Mountainous Landforms Glacial Landforms
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What to Include on Each Page
Front Side of Each Page Sketch and label the following items:
ú 2 types of landforms ú 2 types of plants living in that ecosystem ú 2 animals living in that ecosystem
Back Side of Each Page Write the name and definition of a climate type that corresponds with that landform