climate public expenditure review (cper) · 2017-07-17 · climate public expenditure and instuonal...

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER)

in Punjab (2015-17)

Federal Minister of food Security “Sikandar Hayat Bosan” inaugurating GROW festival-BZU, Multan (2014)

Vice Chancellor University of Punjab, Lahore “Prof. Dr. Syed Mujahid Kamran” and “Ms. Sadia Sohail Rana”, MPA, PTI

inaugurating GROW festival, Lahore (2015)

Parliamentarians Launching GROW Campaign Lahore (2014)

Minister of Environment “Zakia Shahnawaz” receiving Climate Change recommendations of small farmers by

GROW Provincial Steering Committee (PSC), Lahore (2016)

Vice Chancellor Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam “Prof. Dr. Memon Mujeeb-U-ddin Sahrai” distributing prize at

occasion of GROW festival, Karachi (2014)

Vice Chancellor PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpiindi “Prof. Dr. Rai Niaz Ahmed” launching ONLINE PETITION

at occasion of GROW week, Rawalpindi (2016)

ContentsList of Acronyms/Abbrevia�ons.................. 2

Acknowledgement...................................... 3

Introduc�on of the Project......................... 8

Execu�ve Summary..................................... 9

Sec�on 1 Introduc�on.............................. 12

1.1 Introduc�on........................................ 12

1.2 Objec�ve and scope of the Study........12

1.3 Organiza�on of the Study....................13

Sec�on 2 Methodology,

Data Sources and Limita�ons of

the Report.................................................16

2.1 Methodology.......................................16

2.2 Data Sources....................................... 18

2.3 Limita�ons of the Report.................... 18

Sec�on 3 CC-Budgetary Analysis of

Punjab Schemes for FY (2015-17).............21

Sec�on 4 Conclusion and

Policy Recommenda�ons..........................31

Appendix A Success Story......................... 34

Appendix B Summary of

Na�onal Climate Change Policy

(NCCP)...................................................... 38

Appendix C Typology and

its Descrip�on........................................... 42

Appendix D Sta�s�cal Analysis of New

and Old Projects........................................44

References................................................ 56

List of Acronyms/Abbreviations

Annual Development Programme

Budget Es�mate

Climate Change

Climate Change related Budget Es�mates

Climate Change Financing Framework

Controller General of Accounts

Charts of Accounts

Climate Public Expenditure and Ins�tu�onal Review

Green House Gas

Deutsche Gesellscha� für Interna�onale Zusammenarbeit,(German

Society for Interna�onal Coopera�on Ltd.)

Less Developed Communi�es

Local Government and Community Development

Millennium Development Goals

Na�onal Climate Change Policy

The Organiza�on for Economic Coopera�on and Development

Public Expenditure Review

Sustainable Development Goals

United Na�ons

United Na�ons Development Programme

World Bank

ADP

BE

CC

CCBE

CCFF

CGA

CoA

CPEIR

GHG

GIZ

LDCs

LG&CD

MDGs

NCCP

OECD

PER

SDGs

UN

UNDP

WB

02

Acknowledgement

We, the Indus Consor�um and Oxfam are jointly implemen�ng the GROW campaign in six districts of Punjab including Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Layyah, Multan, Lahore and Rawalpindi districts.

Though the main objec�ve of the GROW campaign is to generate the discourse on the ins�tu�onaliza�on of climate change work, effec�ve ins�tu�ons and frameworks, it also addressing the sectorial inequali�es of budget alloca�on in climate change adapta�on and mi�ga�on heads. The idea of the development of Budget Primer was conceived at the ini�al phase of the campaign to get ci�zens, small growers and tax payers engaged in the budget making process and influence the decision makers to increase the alloca�on, especially in agriculture for small farmers, especially for women and to monitor the effec�veness and efficiency of the alloca�on heads. With all the challenges of data collec�on, its analysis and agreement on standardiza�on, GROW campaign is successful to raise the ray of hope through increased alloca�on with 46.6 and 890 percent change in Agriculture and Environment sectors respec�vely as compared to the last year budget of Punjab province. It not only shows that our advocacy strategy is up to the mark but nothing is possible without the firm commitment of the GROW campaign team in Punjab, who has owned the campaign!

On behalf of all champions and advocates of GROW campaign Punjab, we would like to pay special thanks to, Mr. Muhammad Zeeshan Maher, Programme Manager Oxfam Novib, Mr. Asim Saqlain, Programme Officer, Advocacy & MEAL, Oxfam for technical inputs and Ms. Aneela Bibi, Research Associate in Ministry of Finance, Islamabad for her tedious job as lead researcher to compile this report; Many thanks to Mr. Haibat Ali Khan, Chief PPH (Environment) Planning and Development Department Punjab, Mr. Masood Qadir Waqar, Director of Agriculture (Ext) Hqrs for Director General agriculture (Extension &AR), Punjab, Lahore and Mr. Muhammad Ali Raza, Instructor in Virtual University, Islamabad for his input on data analysis, Mr. Shahid Naeem, Deputy Chief in Planning Commission and Dr. Amman Ullah from P&D department, Lahore for their outstanding support in data collec�on.

Some�mes li�le steps can make big differences! I am sure this product will help communi�es, climate prac��oners, media person and relevant departments to use it for the be�er planning in future.

Hussain Jarwar,

Na�onal Coordinator Indus Consor�um

03

05

Comments on Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)

The first dra� report of Climate Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) is about the budget advocacy to enhance the knowledge of ci�zens around the budget and build the capacity of the ci�zens around budget influencing with strengthen their voice. The study tries to provide the guideline to the policy makers to focus on the climate change related budgetary alloca�ons and catalyze the thinking about how to integrate climate change programming into rou�ne budge�ng and planning process.

The study also aims to help the provincial government to have be�er appreciate role of sub-na�onal stakeholders and mechanisms in climate change and iden�fy development schemes from ADP which are related with the climate change. It is good effort to iden�fy those sectors and schemes which are also have effec�veness on climate change. The study also signifies the role of higher educa�on in promo�ng climate change posi�vely through capacity building of the individuals. It is iden�fied that the informal workers are vulnerable to climate change as compare to formal workers. The study suggested that by giving loan to agriculture farmers it is necessary to allocate a separate budget for the training of the farmers with regard to knowledge on climate change smart technologies, seed variety climate resilient strategies. There must be a por�on of budget allocated for awareness raising programs for farmers, students, NGO's and media latest informa�on, global updates on climate change.

The study will be more appreciable if it incorporates the interna�onal prac�ces regarding budgetary alloca�ons and climate change perspec�ves. How the developed countries prac�ced the climate change related projects of the development mode.

Table 1: Percentage of climate expenditure in top 5 common priority areas (% of total climate expenditure):

Here are some of the data on the climate expenditure in priority areas on the selected developing countries; how we can learn from developed economies and how we compare with these developing na�ons in terms of below men�oned expenditures:

Ministries / Countries

Public

Works & Transport

Agriculture

Water or Irrigation

Energy

Environment Local Government

Bangladesh

5% 23% 20%

Cambodia

27%

8%

19%

Nepal 28% 10% 18% 14% 21%

Thailand 2% 03% 28%

Tanzania 30% 30% 30% 12%

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJABPLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Source: CPEIRs (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kiribati, Nepal, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda); Bangladesh Climate Fiscal Framework; CPEIR in the Asia Pacific Region – What have we learnt?

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)

How we can learn from other countries of the world? And it also be take into account that the budgetary alloca�ons of climate change have how much relevance with the climate? The relevance may also be divide into low, medium categories.

In the recommenda�ons the author recommended good sugges�ons but they are more or less related with the awareness of the people. There are also required to incorporate those sugges�ons which may be helpful technically in terms of climate change. Because the awareness is only a single element which couldn't control the bad effects of environment degrada�on of a specific CBER project.

It is one of the objec�ves for Punjab growth strategy to make ci�es as an engine of growth but on the other hand they must be more livable. The study should also discuss some of the policy alterna�ves to boost the development in ci�es without damaging the environment.

Now a term Climate Finance is used worldwide and with the conclusion of the Paris Agreement in December, many sizeable countries—including China, India, Mexico and the United States—made significant commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and countries made progress toward providing $100 billion in climate finance a year by 2020 in order to help poorer na�ons mi�gate and adapt to climate change. Increasing funding for both adapta�on and mi�ga�on is crucial to tackling climate change and for promo�ng low-carbon, climate-resilient development. However, while most of the focus so far has been on increasing the scale of climate finance, less a�en�on has been placed on two important components of adapta�on funding—effec�veness and transparency.

In reviewing na�onal policy landscapes, ins�tu�onal arrangements, and financial resources (both domes�c and interna�onal) to achieve climate policy objec�ves at na�onal and sub-na�onal levels, it is also clear that conduc�ng a CBER represents the ideal first step for countries in the process of developing a more comprehensive Climate Change Financing Framework (CCFF). These frameworks would ensure exis�ng systems are fit for purpose for be�er targe�ng resources in an op�mal way, and capable of managing different sources of finance, both domes�c and interna�onal, private and public, in an accountable and op�mal manner.

Current urban metabolic cycle pushes environmental change on a local-to-global scale. Many of these environmental penal�es lead to new large-scale problems that forms different sources which harmfully affects popula�on health and a major cause to deteriorate ecosystem of the society. As such, researchers emphasize on the value of efficient urban metabolism in the context of sustainable city planning.

It's a good effort to relate budgetary alloca�ons with climate change incidences. The study can also focused one of the important aspects of making environmental laws to tackle the climate change issues.

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Introduction of the Project

Grow campaign is working on budget advocacy in Punjab province of Pakistan. The main objec�ve of the budget advocacy is:

a. To enhance the knowledge of ci�zens around the budget

b. Build the capacity of the ci�zens around budget influencing and strengthen their voice

Grow campaign analyzed the provincial budget of Punjab with lens of climate change adapta�on. The expert was hired for the development of budget primer who closely worked with Indus Consor�um team. A�er the development of the budget primer, IC team organized sharing workshop with parliamentarian, relevant government officials, media, and small growers at Lahore. The district forum and provincial steering commi�ees established under the GROW campaigns for the advocacy agenda raised the issue of budget on different forums.

TV talk shows have been organized under the campaign, focusing on the issues of budget alloca�on in CCA in provincial budget, par�cipated by parliamentarian and ci�zens. The radio messages developed around the alloca�on issue and on aired in 6 districts of the Punjab.

The parliamentarian from opposi�on raised the issues of insufficient alloca�on on assembly floor in Punjab and generated discussion on it. The budget alloca�on issues have been raised in GROW fes�vals organized by the GROW team in University of Punjab and Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. The briefings have been given to university students engaged in research on climate change in Pakistan and students for foreign universi�es.

The Provincial Minister of Environment has been invited by the provincial steering commi�ee represented from six districts of Punjab and shared their recommenda�on on provincial policy of climate change and budget alloca�on issues. The minister acknowledged the contribu�on of GROW campaign on climate change issues and ensured that she will raise the issue of alloca�on of budget at provincial forums.

Grow campaign widely circulated the budget primer report with different stakeholders to get their support on it. Due to constant follow-ups, mee�ngs, highlight of the issues in the media, government of Punjab has increased budget of climate change adapta�on almost in all sectors. (See appendix 1 for success story as a result of last year budget primer).

08

Executive Summary

It has been said for many years that agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan economy. And agriculture and livestock sectors are mainly lie within Punjab province. Prevailing situa�on and vulnerability of agriculture and livestock sectors of the province due to CC are the threats of Pakistan economy (Hanif et al 2010).In this situa�on, Punjab needs to focus on integra�on of climate risk and resilience into na�onal infrastructure policies, plans and projects. Increasing the resilience of exis�ng and new infrastructure will be needed in those districts of the province, which are hit earliest and hardest by climate impacts. Second, these plans and projects should be consistent with the na�onal as well as interna�onal climate pledges.

The underlying report helps country decision makers to be�er understanding of how much is being spent in response to climate change. It will also deliver a following benefit to the host province:

• It will focus on the priori�es and gaps regarding climate change in the provincial budgetary alloca�on.

• It will catalyze new thinking about how to integrate climate change programming into rou�ne budge�ng and planning process.

• It will also track the targets and achievements of adapta�on and mi�ga�on targets responses.

• It will also fulfill the func�on of reinforcement of exis�ng na�onal climate change policy development and implementa�on.

• It will help the provincial government to have be�er appreciate role of sub-na�onal stakeholders and mechanisms in climate change finance.

Sec�on 1 is about introduc�on of the study. Sec�on 2 entails methodology, data descrip�on and limita�on of the study. Sec�on 3 presents analysis of the climate change resource alloca�on in Punjab province. Sec�on 4 concludes the study and presents recommenda�ons. Budgetary analysis shows that in year 2015-16, 16% of the resource alloca�on was devoted for CC-related schemes and remaining 84% resources were allocated to non-CC related schemes. Advocacy by civil socie�es, Paris agreement, and other na�onal/interna�onal needs enhance the volume of CC-related budget this year by 4% and 80% resources are allocated to non-CC related schemes.

In the study, schemes of ADP of the province are divided in four themes called mi�ga�on, adapta�on, A/M or suppor�ng ac�vi�es as CC response enablers. The most of the schemes in climate-related budget lie in the category of mi�ga�on theme with 88% and 90% in FY

09


2015-16 and FY 2016-17 respec�vely, followed by suppor�ng ac�vi�es making up 10% percent and 8% respec�vely. Combined CC-related alloca�on of mi�ga�on is negligible in both years.

The budget es�mates to tasks in each theme explains bifurca�on of climate-related expenditures. Within all four themes, the most change in alloca�on has been observed in transport related tasks where more than thrice expenditures are allocated i.e 40224.91 million in year 2016-17 as compared to 13804.44 million in 2015-16. This alloca�on is followed by agriculture and livestock and capacity building and ins�tu�onal strengthening sec�on. The analysis illustrates that in agriculture and livestock this year almost 7476.5 million allocated this year as compared to 1699 million alloca�on of last year. Capacity building and ins�tu�onal strengthening also represents the dominant climate-related expenditure task in the typology, showing more than twelve �mes increase in the es�mated expenditure. Other important task areas are energy (7146 million vs 3895 million) and water resources (20262 million vs 13019.5 million).

On the other hand, significant CC-related budget has been observed in the sectors men�oned as below. The most prominent increase in CC adapta�on increase has been observed in environment sector where 50 million rupees were allocated last year. Out of this 40 million, only 10 million was CC related alloca�on but this year CC related alloca�on is 99 million which shows 890% increase as compared to last year. Government of Punjab has also increased the budget es�mate volume for water supply and sanita�on sector, social welfare and urban development. These increases are recorded 230%, 209% and 112% respec�vely in these sectors. Increase in resource alloca�on for livestock and agriculture is also remains significant. In the former sector, about 1,321 million were allocated last year and this year it enhanced by 1,520 million. Establishment of Agriculture Commission to solve the agri-issues in Punjab along with the alloca�on of 7,295million rupees in the recent year will surely upli� the agriculture sector in the province. The dark side of the alloca�on can be termed in the women development perspec�ve in the sense that every aspect of the development cannot be considered complete without gender lens. Budget alloca�on for women development regarding CC adapta�on has been recorded nil this year which was 2% last year. This shows 100% decrease in the said head.

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Execu�ve Summary

Section 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduc�on

The world is going to spend $90 trillion in infrastructure of ci�es, energy and land use in next one and the half decade¹. In the absence of low carbon future, risks of climate change cannot be ignored. While in the resilient perspec�ve, the SDGs era succeeding the MDGs era where the thirteenth goal is to “take urgent ac�on to combat climate change and its impacts”.In addi�on to this, Paris agreement inevitably demands for the wise future investment of $90 trillion. Along with the wise investment, implementa�on of UN framework conven�on on climate change cannot be achieved without appropriate alloca�on of funds for mi�ga�on and adapta�on of climate change effects.

All the provinces of Pakistan need to focus on integra�on of climate risk and resilience into na�onal infrastructure policies, plans and projects. Increasing the resilience of exis�ng and new infrastructure will be needed in those districts of the province, which are hit earliest and hardest by climate impacts. Second, these plans and projects should be consistent with the na�onal as well as interna�onal climate pledges. Post development 2015 agenda targets by 2020, “increase the number of ci�es and human se�lements adop�ng and implemen�ng integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mi�ga�on and adapta�on to climate change, resilience to disasters, develop and implement in line with the forthcoming Hyogo Framework holis�c disaster risk management at all levels”. This is also reflected in pillar 2 of vision 2025, which targets to “promote mechanisms for raising capaci�es for effec�ve climate change related planning and management, in LDCs, including focusing on women, youth, local and marginalized communi�es”.

It has been said for many years that agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan economy and agriculture and livestock sectors are mainly lie with in Punjab province. Prevailing situa�on and vulnerability of agriculture and livestock sectors of the province due to CC are the threats of Pakistan economy (Hanif et al2010).“Punjab also facing the same phenomena and the provincial government is fully aware of the scale of threat and keen to redress the climate change impacts on the communi�es through various adap�ve measures.”�

1.2 Objec�ve and scope of the Study

The underlying CPER mirrors the second round of climate public expenditure review for Punjab province. It focuses on the resource alloca�on and their effec�ve management towards effec�vely financing and delivering climate change policies. It will provide the guideline to the policy-makers, funds distributors and implementers of Punjab Government in compila�on of commi�ed na�onal contribu�ons for climate change related expenditures in the province. It will also provide data and evidence upon which to base policy recommenda�ons and future spending, and with this it also helpful for follow-up analysis.

The report CPER helps country decision makers to be�er understanding of how much is being spend in response to climate change. It will also deliver a following benefit to the host

12¹h�p://edi�on.cnn.com/2015/10/19/opinions/gurria-indrawa�-stern-infrastructure/²h�p://www.pakistanpressfounda�on.org/2016/03/punjab-government-keen-to-deal-with-climate-change- impacts-minister/

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Sec�on 1: Introduc�on

province:

It will focus on the priori�es and gaps regarding climate change in the provincial budgetary alloca�on.

It will catalyze new thinking about how to integrate climate change programming into rou�ne budge�ng and planning process.

It will also track the targets and achievements of adapta�on and mi�ga�on targets responses.

It will also fulfill the func�on of reinforcement of exis�ng na�onal climate change policy development and implementa�on.

It will help the provincial government to have be�er appreciate role of sub-na�onal stakeholders and mechanisms in climate change finance.

1.3 Organiza�on of the Study

Sec�on 1 is about introduc�on of the study. Sec�on 2 entails methodology, data descrip�on and limita�on of the study. Sec�on 3 presents analysis of the climate change resource alloca�on in Punjab province. Sec�on 4 concludes the study and presents recommenda�ons.

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)Sec�on 1: Introduc�on

13

Section 2

Methodology, Data Sources and Limitations of the

Report

2.1 Methodology

The methodology of the underlying report is in line with World Bank's (WB) guidelines given on public expenditure reviews (PERs). These PERs explains the budgetary alloca�on for overall/targeted sectors in the budget and its results. Ini�ally, WB defined and designed framework for resource alloca�on of key social sector e.g health and educa�on. Later the same framework is developed for CC related public expenditures called Climate Public Expenditure and Ins�tu�onal Review (CPEIR). In 2011, Climate Public Expenditure and Ins�tu�onal Review (CPEIR) methodology was first developed by UNDP. This, followed by more detailed guidelines one year later and ini�al review of country experiences. Following the precedent over 20 countries have completed their CPEIRs with collabora�on of UNDP and other organiza�ons and many are con�nuing to develop founda�onal CPEIRs work. To adopt more refine methodological approaches UNDP commissioned second review in 2014. They also draw experiences of other similar analysis conducted with support of other organiza�ons like Overseas Development Ins�tute, GIZ, Pacific Island Forum Secretariat and World Bank.

CPIER documents encompass not only the resource alloca�on for CC but CC related ins�tu�ons' performance and CC policy documenta�on is also discussed in a holis�c manner. The underlying study is focusing on resource alloca�on reflec�ng na�onal CC policy (NCCP) in CC public expenditures on the provincial level (See the summary of NCCP in Appendix A)³.The CC resource alloca�on is parallel to the regulatory structure and na�onal CC policy in the province⁴.

The PERs explains the prac�ce of spending plans, actual spending and achievements in mee�ng the policy objec�ves. The PERs methodology for extrac�on of CC resource alloca�on is challenging in two ways that it has a conceptual hurdle as CC ac�ons cannot be limit to par�cular sector. Secondly, it’s complicated to pick the relevant CC heads men�oned in the budget which could reflect the exact CC related expenditures as they cover all the sectors of the economy (Bird at el. 2012).

Fig 2A shows the steps of iden�fica�on, classifica�on and relevance in selec�on and analysis of CC related budgetary data. The iden�fica�on of budgetary heads take place on the grounds of adapta�on⁵ (A) and mi�ga�on⁶ (M) or some�mes on both (A/M) and suppor�ng⁷ (Fig 2B)

16

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Sec�on 2: M, D&LR

³Here exemp�on of the ins�tu�onal setup for CC does not mean that climate expenditures can be separated from ins�tu�onal performance. ⁴Since there is no autonomous CC policy for Punjab province, NCCP is supposed to be implement by all provinces as well as federal level.⁵Adapta�on: “An ac�vity should be classified as adapta�on-related if it intends to reduce the vulnerability of human or natural systems to the impacts of climate change and climate-related risks, by maintaining or increasing adap�ve capacity and resilience”. (OECD, 2015)⁶Mi�ga�on: “An ac�vity should be classified as CC mi�ga�on related if it contributes to the objec�ves of stabiliza�on of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentra�ons in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system by promo�ng efforts to reduce or limit GHG emissions or to enhance GHG sequestra�on”. (OECD, 2015)⁷Suppor�ng ac�vi�es refer all those schemes which are not directly related to A/M but supports NCCP objec�ves. These suppor�ng ac�vi�es include capacity building, interna�onal CC nego�a�ons, low carbon technologies and technology transfer for energy efficiency.

17


Fig 2A Steps followed for CC related Budgetary Heads

Fg 2B: Analy�cal Themes of the Budgetary Analysis

All the schemes for Punjab with preparatory nature are taken in the study on the basis of their subsequent delivery of CC ac�ons. These ac�ons include ecosystem inventories, capacity building, ins�tu�onal strengthening, crop breeding programs for climate-resilient. A�er iden�fica�on, all the CC relevant schemes were carried forward to the next step of classifica�on.

In classifica�on, chosen schemes through A, M or A/M and related par�cipatory ac�vi�es are classified according to NCCP objec�ves by using a set of tasks. These tasks reflect the rela�onship between NCCP objec�ves and CC resource alloca�on. (For complete typology of themes see appendix B)

Relevance of CC expenditures mean that how much percentage of schemes out of total projects can be characterized as CC. This percentage is then ranked in four categories called high relevance (more than 75% relevance), medium relevance (50-74% relevance), low relevance (24-49% relevance) and marginal relevance (less than 24% relevance).

Sec�on 2: M, D&LR

1. Identification

2. Classification

3. Relevance Assessment

CC Themes

Adaptation

(A)

Mitigation

(M)A/M Supporting

2.2 Data Sources⁸

Data was collected from budgetary documents for fiscal years 2015-16 and 2016-17, published by Finance department of Punjab. These documents include annual budget statement, annual development plan volume and White Paper. There are total 4,830 schemes in FY 2016-17 as compared to 3,973 in FY 2015-16.

2.3 Limita�ons of the Report

Since CPER is an emerging issue, the underlying study cannot be free from limita�ons which are as following:

Unavailability of dis�nct codes for CC related budgetary heads leaves room for exact draw of iden�fica�on, classifica�on and relevant heads of CC.

Conceptual hurdle for CC resource alloca�on over all the sectors of the economy requires plenty of �me to know the essence of each scheme.

Non-government agencies expenditures, as well as current expenditures are excluded from the study.

Data from controller general of accounts (CGA) could present be�er picture of “actual CC related expenditures” in FY 2015-16.

Due to rapid industrial development, more than 60% GHG produced by developing countries. But none of these countries compiled the expenditures spent that are an� CC-related. Same prac�ce has been followed in this report.

18

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Sec�on 2: M, D&LR

⁸h�p://www.finance.punjab.gov.pk

Section 3

CC-Budgetary Analysis of Punjab

Schemes for FY (2015-17)

Empower womenfarmers to end hunger and

food insecurity

CC-Budgetary Analysis of Punjab Schemes for FY (2015-17)

By following the methodology and data sources men�oned in last sec�on, climate heads are iden�fied at the first stage from annual development plans for FY 2015-16 and 2016-17 on the basis of adapta�on and mi�ga�on. Iden�fica�on of projects is subjec�ve approach as there are no agreed accoun�ng defini�ons for CC-related expenditures in charts of accounts (CoA) of Pakistan. There are 3,973 schemes in total for FY 2015-16 out of which 66% schemes are CC related. In following year, out of 4,830 schemes, 67% schemes are CC related. In both years, most of the CC related schemes lie in social sector (73% in FY 2015-16 vs 71% in FY 2016-17) followed by infrastructure development (62% in FY 2015-16 vs 71% in FY 2016-17). (See Appendix B for detail).

Figure 3.1 shows that in year 2015-16, 16% of the resource alloca�on was devoted for CC-related schemes and remaining 84% resources were allocated to non-CC related schemes. Advocacy by civil socie�es, Paris agreement and other na�onal/interna�onal needs enhance the volume of CC-related budget this year by 4% and 80% resources are allocated to non-CC related schemes.

21


⁸h�p://www.finance.punjab.gov.pk

CC-BAoPS FY (2015-17)

Fig 3.1 Alloca�on to Climate Change, Punjab 2015-16 & 2016-17

Figure 3.2 shows that the schemes of ADP of the province is divided into four themes called mi�ga�on, adapta�on, A/M or suppor�ng ac�vi�es as CC response enablers. The most of the schemes in climate-related budget lie in the category of mi�ga�on theme with 88% and 90% in FY 2015-16 and FY 2016-17 respec�vely, followed by suppor�ng ac�vi�es making up 10% percent and 8% respec�vely. Combined CC-related alloca�on of mi�ga�on is negligible in both years.

22

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) CC-BAoPS FY (2015-17)

Fig 3.2 Thema�c classifica�ons of CC-related projects, Punjab 2015-16 & 2016-17

The budget es�mates to tasks in each theme explains bifurca�on of climate-related expenditures (Figure 3.3) (For descrip�on of typology of themes, see appendix B). Within all four themes, the most change in alloca�on has been observed in transport related tasks where more than thrice expenditures are allocated i.e 40224.91 million⁹ in year 2016-17 as compared to 13804.44 million in 2015-16. This alloca�on is followed by agriculture and livestock and capacity building and ins�tu�onal strengthening sec�on.The analysis illustrates that in agriculture and livestock this year almost 7476.5 million allocated this year as compared to 1699 million alloca�on of last year. Capacity building and ins�tu�onal strengthening also represents the dominant climate-related expenditure task in the typology, showing more than twelve �mes increase in the es�mated expenditure. Other important task areas are energy (7146 million vs 3895 million) and water resources (20262 million vs 13019.5 million).

⁹Throughout the analysis is in millions

Fig 3.3 Alloca�on of CC-related expenditures to task areas, Punjab 2015-16 & 2016-17

Table 3.1 shows that there are six sectors in general named social sector, infrastructure development, produc�on sector, services sector, other programs and special program encompassed by Punjab ADPs for FY 2015-16 and FY 2016-17.The overall figure of budget es�mates has shown an increase to 550,000 million in FY 2016-17 from 333,650 million in FY 2015-16. CC-related alloca�on, in year 2015-16, 16% of the resource alloca�on was devoted for CC-related schemes (For Scheme wise analysis see appendix C). While advocacy by civil socie�es, COP22, and other na�onal/interna�onal needs enhance the volume of CC-related budget this year by 20% which signifies more than 100% change in the comparison period. The services sector has shown the most change of 713% in comparison of analysis period with 3,460m in FY 2015-16 vs 28,135m in FY 2016-17. The Social Sector has seen a 140% increase CC related projects in the period of analysis. However, Infrastructure Development has shown an increase of 32% change (31,907m in FY 2015-16 vs 42,204 in FY 2016-17). In special program and service sector 129 percent change has been observed in the period of analysis. In special programs, the percent change is 129% whereas budget alloca�on is 3,600m in FY 2015-16 and 8,250m in FY 2016-17.

23

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)CC-BAoPS FY (2015-17)

Table 3.1 Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Punjab (2015-16 & 2016-17)

Sectors 2015-16 2016-17 Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f CCBE

%Cha

nge

Social Sector

77,379

7,125

9%

168,872 17,084

10%

139.8

Infrastructure

Development

145,076

31,907

22%

158,200 42,204

27%

32.3

Produc�on Sector

22,425

6,455

29%

49,270 11,117

23%

72.2

Services Sector

39,080

3,460

9%

109,023 28,135

26%

713.2

Special Program

42,000

3,600

9%

52,000

8,250

16%

129.2

Other Programs

7,690

678

9%

12,635

1,125

9%

65.9

Total 333,650 53,225 16% 550,000 107,914 20% 102.8

Table 3.2 shows that social sector consists of ten categories including School educa�on, higher educa�on, special educa�on, literacy, sports & youth affairs, health & family planning, water supply & sanita�on, social welfare and women development and LG&CD. The most increase of CC related budget alloca�on has been observed in Water supply and sanita�on 230% followed by social welfare 209%. Sports and youth affairs have not any CC related project in both years. While women development, literacy and LG&CD observed decrease in BE as 100%, 87% and 54% respec�vely.

In year 2015-16, Saaf Pani Program, dis�nct sewerage schemes and “water, sanita�on and hygiene” (WASH) for a decade i.e 2014-24 on tehsil level is a good step regarding be�er provision of water and sanita�on facili�es. In FY 2016-17, almost 1245 schemes in the said sector have been included out of which 562 schemes are targeted to be executed by the end

24


of upcoming June 2017. All these steps are taken to have “Clean Punjab” in the future. This is why 230% change has been observed as CC related BE.

Jus�fica�on of the increase in social welfare CC-related budget expenditures reflect in the establishment of shelter homes in 5 districts of the province are the success stories of FY 2015-16.

Analysis excludes school educa�on and special educa�on while higher educa�on shows that 51% posi�ve change has been occurred in climate change related budget es�mates in the analysis period of �me which is encouraging as higher educa�on contributes in capacity building through research and other measures impac�ng CC ul�mately. While the other major component of social sector i.e health and family planning observed an increase 72 percent change.

On the other hand, women development reflects failure of the alloca�on for most major cross cu�ng themes of present �mes. For be�er clean environment and to cut down the diseases in the province almost 37 ponds from major villages eliminated in 2015-16 in local government and community development sector. Though out of 95 schemes, 67 schemes will be completed during 2016-17 s�ll decrease of BE for the said head is ques�onable.

Table 3.2 Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Social Sector in Punjab

(2015-16 & 2016-17)

Sectors

2015-16

2016-17

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

%

Change

School

Educa�on

19,670

0

0%

47,760

0

0%

0

Higher

Educa�on

11,730

1,176

10%

17,218

1,782

10%

51.5

Special

Educa�on

784

0

0%

962

0

0%

0

Literacy

1,880

57

3%

1,883

7

0%

-87.7

Sports & Youth

Affairs

2,500

0

0%

5,500

0

0%

0

Health & Family

Planning

22,925

2,338

10%

43,836

4,027

9%

72.2

Water Supply &

Sanita�on

13,000

3,326

26%

45,000

10,964

24%

229.6

Social Welfare

530

77

14%

1,584

238

15%

209.1

Women

Development

500

8

2%

629

0

0%

-100.0

LG&CD

3,860

143

4%

4,500

66

1%

-53.8

Total

77,379

7,125

9%

168,872

17,084

10%

139.8

Table 3.3 shows the segrega�on of CC related budget es�mates for infrastructure development. It consisted of five sub-sectors namely; roads, irriga�on, energy, public buildings, and urban development. The overall budget in infrastructure development increases to 32 % from FY 2015-16 to FY 2016-17. The study finds overall increase in all sub-sectors. The most increase in CC related budget is observed in urban development 112% followed by 65% in energy sector. Significant increase in CC related budget es�mate is also observed in irriga�on, public buildings, and roads (34%, 22%, and 14 % respec�vely).

Khadam-e-Punjab Rural Roads program, repair of all damaged roads during flood 2014 and Rawalpindi Murree Kashmir road are the major heads in which huge amount was spent last year. And in FY 2016-17, con�nuous phases of Khadam-e-Punjab rural roads program will surely build the infrastructure of the province.

In irriga�on department, lining of irriga�on channels, rehabilita�on of drainage system and huge flood works are the milestone achieved in FY2015-16. While construc�on of Flood Bund along River Indus and Dadhocha Dam, management of Flood Protec�on and channeliza�on of different Nullahs are the ini�a�ve of FY 2016-17.

Establishment of QA Thermal Pvt Ltd., QA Hydel Pvt. And Solariza�on of Secretariat, P&D Building shows the Punjab Government's keen interest in mi�ga�on of cc related hazardous effects. in FY 2016-17, establishment of Chak Jhumra Bio-Mass Thermal Power Plant in Faisalabad, Block Alloca�on for Innova�ve Power Genera�on Solu�on, establishment of labs for Energy Efficiency & Conserva�on and Solar Solu�ons for BHUs in Punjab ensures the reduc�on of the GHG in the province.

Ini�a�ves like Strom water Drainage System in Lahore, widening of many roads, extension of water Resource in Faisalabad, rehabilita�on of drains, and mechanical system of sewerage as well as rehabilita�on of many roads in the province enhanced the CC-related budget expenditure in year 2016-17 to 16% from 9% in the last year.

25


Table 3.3: Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Infrastr ucture Development in

Punjab (2015-16 & 2016-17) Sectors 2015-16 2016-17

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

%

Change

Roads 69,400

13,799

20%

79,000

15,673

20%

13.6 Irriga�on

35,370

12,596

36%

41,000

16,888

41%

34.1 Energy

16,000

4,067

25%

9,000

6,696

74%

64.6

Public Buildings

9,140

124

1%

11,500

151

1%

21.8

Urban Development

15,166

1,321

9%

17,700

2,796

16%

111.7

Total 145,076 31,907 22% 158,200 42,204 27% 32.3

26


Table 3.4: Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Produc�on Sector of Punjab

(2015-16 & 2016-17) Sectors 2015-16 2016-17

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate (CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

%

Change

Agriculture

10,625

4,975 47%

20,000

7,295

36%

46.6

Coopera�ves

100

3

3%

208

25

12%

733.3

Forestry

900

585

65%

2,200

1,420

65%

142.7

Wildlife

700

55

8%

735

42

6%

-23.6

Fisheries

600

149

25%

755

194

26%

30.2

Food

725

358

49%

865

494

57%

38.0

Livestock

4,065

296

7%

9,227

1,520

16%

413.5

Industries,

Commerce &

Investment

3,330

30

1%

12,587

97

1%

223.3

Mines & Minerals

450

5

1%

1,893

18

1%

260.0

Tourism 930 0 0% 800 12 2% 0

Total 22,425 6,455 29% 49,270 11,117 23% 72.2

The table 3.4 shows the CC related budget es�mate segrega�on of produc�on sector into ten sub-sectors namely; agriculture, coopera�ves, forestry, wildlife, fisheries, food, livestock, industries, commerce and investment, mines and minerals, and tourism. The 72% increase was found CC related budget es�mate in produc�on sector from FY 2015-16 to FY 2016-17. The study observed the huge increase of 733%, 413%, 260%, 223%, and 143% in CC related budget es�mates in sub-sectors of coopera�ves, livestock, mines and minerals, industries, commerce and investment, forestry respec�vely from FY 2015-16 to FY 2016-17. The increase of 47%, 38%, and 30% were found in sub-sectors of agriculture, food, and fisheries respec�vely. Rehabilita�on of irriga�on schemes are more than double in agriculture sector which is highly CC-related and its alloca�on enhanced the CCBE this year. In FY 2015-16 no project in sub-sector of tourism was related to Climate Change, but in the FY of 2016-17, 12 million is allocated to tourism. In sub-sector of wildlife there is decline of 24% in alloca�on in FY of 2016-17 as compared to 2015-16

Table 3.5 shows the CC related budget alloca�on in service sector, which is consists of four sub-sectors including; governance and informa�on technology, labor and human resource development, transport, and emergency services. The overall increase of 713% was observed in service sector from 2015-16 to 2016-17. This huge increase in climate related budget es�mates in service sector is due to large increase in sun-sector of transport. In 2016-17the CC related alloca�on to transport is 26,202 as compared to 2,171 in previous

27


year. In 2015-16 the overall budget allocated to governance and informa�on technology was 8,540 million out of 37 million are CC related, but in this FY the Punjab government is commi�ed to spend 212 million on CC. In sub-sector of emergency services study found overall increase of 41% in CC related budget alloca�on from 2015-16 to 2016-7.Rescue 1122 sta�ons were established at Borewala, Vehari, Sultanpur, Tibba, Kamonki, Waziranbad and Noshehra Virkanm in FY 2015-16. While in FY 2016-17, Urban Search & Rescue Units of Rescue and emergency services at Tehsil level are new ini�a�ves.

Table 3.5: Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Service Sector in Punjab (2015-16

& 2016-17) Sectors 2015-16 2016-17

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate (CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE

%

Change

Governance &

Informa�on

Technology

8,540

37

0.4%

13,950

212

2%

473.0

Labour & HR

Development

610

164

27%

650

186

29%

13.4

Transport

28,030

2,171

8%

92,273

26,202

28%

1106.9

Emergency Service

1,900

1,088

57%

2,150

1,535

71%

41.1

Total 39,080 3,460 9% 109,023 28,135 26% 713.2

Table 3.6: Overall and CC-related Budget Es�mates for Special Programs and others

Sector in Punjab (2015-16 & 2016-17)

Sectors

2015-16

2016-17

Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE Budget

es�mate

(BE)

CC

budget

es�mate

(CCBE)

% 0f

CCBE %

Change

Special Programs

Special Programme /

Ini�a�ves 30,000 0 0% 37,000 3,750 10% 0

District/TMA

Development

Programme 12,000 3,600 30% 15,000 4,500 30% 25

Total 42,000 3,600 9% 52,000 8,250 16% 129.2

Other programs Environment 50 10 19% 185 99 54% 890 Informa�on & Culture 360 12 3% 400 5 1% -58.3

Archaeology 400 20 5% 400 30 8% 50 Auqaf & Religious

Affairs

100

1

1%

100

0

0%

-100

Human Rights &

Minority Affairs

500

236

47%

800

369

46%

56.4

Planning &

Development

6,280

400

6%

10,750

622

6%

55.5

Total 7,690 678 9% 12,635 1,125 9% 65.9

28


Table 3.6 shows the CC related budget es�mates in special programs and other sectors. The special programs are consis�ng of two categories. The other programs are consisted of five sub-categories namely; environment, informa�on and culture, archaeology, Auqaf and religious affair, human rights and minority affairs, planning and development. In special program of district/TMA development, the increase of 25% is observed from 2015-16 to 2016-17. In last year total 50 million budget is allocated to environment sector out of 10 million is related to Climate Change. In this year Punjab government increases the overall alloca�on to this sub-sector to 185 million out of 99 million is CC related, this lead to an overall increase of 890% for 2015-16 to 2016-17.

Establishment of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System in Punjab, development of biodiversity Parks in 4 districts of Punjab are the mile-stone in CC-related alloca�on in year 2015-16.Under ABAD, 79 Mini dams, 94 Li� Irriga�on schemes and 44 dug wells were constructed in the province last year. And this year, establishment of Investment Climate Reforms Unit in P&DD proves Punjab government's interest to combat the CC related situa�on in the province.

Section 4

Conclusion and Policy Recommendations

The first rightbalanced food is of

who produces it

31


Conclusion and Policy Recommenda�ons

There are six sectors named social sector, infrastructure development, produc�on sector, services sector, other programs and special program men�oned in Punjab ADPs for FY 2015-16 and FY 2016-17. There are 3,973 schemes in total for FY 2015-16 out of which 2,613 (66%) schemes are CC related. In following year, out of 4,830 schemes, 3,210 (67%) schemes are CC related. In both years, most of the CC related schemes lie in social sector (73% in FY 2015-16 as compared to 71% in FY 2016-17) followed by infrastructure development (62% in FY 2015-16 as compared to 71% in FY 2016-17).

On the other hand, significant CC-related budget has been observed in the sectors men�oned as below. The most prominent increase in CC adapta�on increase has been observed in environment sector where 50 million rupees were allocated last year. Out of this 40 million, only 10 million was CC related alloca�on but this year CC related alloca�on is 99 million which shows 890% increase as compared to last year. Government of Punjab has also increased the budget es�mate volume for water supply and sanita�on sector, social welfare and urban development. These increases are recorded 230%, 209% and 112% respec�vely in these sector. Increase in resource alloca�on for livestock and agriculture is also remained significant. In the former sector, about 1,321 million were allocated last year and this year it e n h a n c e d b y 1 , 5 2 0 m i l l i o n . Establishment of Agriculture Commission to solve the agri-issues in Punjab along with the alloca�on of 7,295million rupees in the recent year will surely upli� the agriculture sector in the province.

Study suggests that:

For be�er tracking of Climate change public expenditures, a revised charts of accounts (CoA) is a dire need in present �mes. This revised CoA would iden�fy the unified budgetary heads for climate change in all the relevant departments for na�onal as well as provincial level. There should be separate Budget head on climate change in all provinces including Punjab to adhere the climate change related work in the province. Thus this will make easier to track the alloca�ons, u�liza�on, and efficiency around climate change related work in the provinces.

On empirical grounds, this topic advocates taking forward, research perspec�ve to collect solid evidence in favor of interven�on regarding climate change related budgetary heads.

Though the new schemes in agriculture sector sounds encouraging. But as Punjab is the biggest source to provide agri products to the whole of the country so to avoid


The dark side of the alloca�on can be termed in the women development perspec�ve in the sense that every aspect of the development cannot be considered complete without gender lens. Budget alloca�on for wo m e n d e ve l o p m e n t re ga rd i n g C C adapta�on has been recorded nil this year which was 2% last year. This shows 100% decrease in the said head.

32


food security in the country and more agrarian exports demand to invest more in agriculture improvement and research.

Informal workers are more vulnerable to climate change as compared to formal workers. In this regard, women's role should not be ignored. Its unfortunate to quote that data on women’s ownership as small workers is s�ll not available. All the relevant development projects should have small farmers and gender cross cu�ng theme.

The alloca�ons should be increased in agriculture sector in general and small farmers in par�cular. The subsidies and support should be given to small farmers through provision of seeds, inputs, machinery. The separate budget should be allocated for the training of small farmers with regard to knowledge on climate smart technologies, seed varie�es climate resilient strategies and proper �ming of crop cul�va�on. The provincial government should promote and encourage innova�ve modern agriculture technologies, organic agriculture prac�ce, diversified cropping supported by research, support ins�tu�ons and budget alloca�ons.

A separate por�on of the budget should be allocated for the awareness raising programme for farmers, students, NGOs and Media as latest informa�on, global updates on climate change related ini�ates, discourses should be taken into the considera�on in the country.

Major chunk of the funding should be allocated for climate change adapta�on in agriculture, livestock, fisheries, poultry, irriga�on and forest department. The role of small farmers, community groups should be enhanced at local level in project implementa�on as ownership, transparency and sustainability should be enhanced.

The gap between the alloca�ons for infrastructural development and the alloca�ons redressing or contribu�ng in the adapta�on in the face of climate change impacts needs to be narrowed down.

Biannual or annual monitoring system should be in place to ensure effec�ve spending on specified alloca�ons and performance of line departments at district level.

Climate change adapta�on and mi�ga�on should be included in the act of local governments at district levels.

Alloca�on of resources for Echo Tourism in different parts of country including Punjab province. This will promote ci�zens sensi�za�on on the issue along with their ownership with ecology and biodiversity.


Appendix A

Success Story

34

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Conclusion and Policy Recommenda�ons

Success Story

In present scenario, climate public expenditure considera�on has become cri�cally essen�al as it is to be one of the greatest challenges to resource alloca�on. “It poses a direct as well as indirect threat to a wide range of sectoral division in the na�onal and provincial fiscal structure which include environment, water, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, livestock, energy and social protec�on etc”. These all make climate public expenditures highly relevant to development of the country.

GROW campaign ini�ated analysis for CC related budget tracking in 2015 for Punjab province. The budget primer compile under the campaign was first document of its kind on provincial level.

Based on the situa�on analysis from the expenditure review of 2014/15, in Phase-I, GROW campaign did;

Advocacy with District Forums: GROW campaign started mobiliza�on of issues from grassroots level, sensi�zed local communi�es about the budgetary alloca�on and its spending whereas the subsequent losses of their agriculture have no recovery and support through resources, even budget was available. All six district forum organized mee�ng with diverse groups including district department, journalists, research ins�tutes and civil society members, representa�ves of academia, climate change prac��oners and small growers. The main objec�ve of the district forum was to take lead on advocacy agenda around climate change adapta�on, budget advocacy with relevant district departments, par�cularly demands not only to district authori�es to incorporate climate change related interven�ons in their planning, emphasized on development of mul�-hazards plan and to raise demand in annual budget plan of overall districts. Similarly, all six district forums highlighted the needs of CCA budget in provincial steering commi�ee and resource alloca�on for the implementa�on of local adapta�on plans.

Parliamentarian Engagement: GROW campaign with exis�ng l i k e m i n d e d g r a s s r o o t organiza�ons, who are ac�vely working to resolve the climate issue of resource alloca�ons engaged parl iamentarians organized GROW fes�val in P u n j a b ' s l a r g e s t P u b l i c University, university of Punjab par�cipated by thousands of students, inaugurated by the Vice chancellor of university along Sadia Sohail Rana, member provincial assembly of Punjab, MPA(N) League par�cipated. Farmer growers from all six districts presented

35

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)Conclusion and Policy Recommenda�ons

charter of demands to officials from provincial government to support climate change strategy formula�on and budget alloca�on for agriculture, environment and climate change adapta�on. The students of the university performed a theatre and highlighted the issues of small Growers and less budget alloca�on for climate change adap�on. The next day mainstream media highlighted the issues in newspapers.¹¹

TV Talk Show: To highlight the budget alloca�on issue, Indus Consor�um organized TV talk shows on government TV channel, Pakistan television network (PTV) par�cipated by Ms. Sadia Sohail Rana member provincial assembly PTI, Mr. Ashiq Hussain Bukhari, Coordinator Provincial Steering Commi�ee, Ms. Kiran Simon, Liaison Officer GROW Campaign. The par�cipants highlighted the issue of lesser budget of climate change adap�on on government television challenge which was on aired on same day with greater viewer ship.

L o b b y i n g w i t h d e c i s i o n m a ke rs & l i n e department: GROW campaign shared the analysis of the budget primer with parliamentarian, relevant provincial departments including EPA Punjab, Livestock Department, Govt. of Punjab, P&D dept. Punjab, Social Welfare Department and College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, media and civil society organiza�ons that where agriculture have significant role of country's economy, especially in Punjab context where major source of GDP 3.5% from agriculture. In the mid of March 2016 three months prior to the finaliza�on of the provincial Budget of Punjab, GROW campaign organized one day workshop of the provincial steering commi�ee established under the GROW campaign in Lahore district. The main objec�ve of workshop was to highlight the sugges�ons of small growers on budgetary alloca�on. The demands were personated to Ms Zakia Shahnawaz, Provincial Minister for Environment in Punjab province.Minister ensured that she will incorporate their demands to in the climate change policy and support the idea of budget increase for the fiscal year 2016/17.

¹¹h�p://www.thenews.com.pk/print/80810-Climate-change-threatens-food-security-globallyh�p://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=281895

36

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Conclusion and Policy Recommenda�ons

A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 0 re p re s e nta� ve s o f s m a l l growers from all respec�ve districts Rajanpur, Layyah, Multan, members of provincial steering commi�ee from Arid A g r i c u l t u r e U n i v e r s i t y Rawalpindi, college of earth and environment sciences, University of Punjab, BZU Multan, representa�ves of i r r i g a � o n d e p a r t m e n t , Environment Protec�on Agency (EPA), shared their perspec�ve about the climate change policy and finance for agriculture and environment.

In phase-II, Budget Primer 2016-17 has been compiled with dis�nc�on that first �me for any province of the country, the sector wise alloca�on with CC relevance has been observed. On the other hand, the success of GROW campaign's lobbying efforts is that the primer has shown the significant evidence of effec�ng lobbying and commitments of all line departments, decision makers and parliamentarian for budget advocacy within their nexus and its alloca�on in current year budget. Due to the constant follow-ups, lobbying, u�lizing media messages through radio, TV, the Provincial agency of Environment has increased the budget alloca�on for 2016/17 as compared to last year.

On the other hand, significant CC-related budget has been observed in the sectors men�oned as below. The most prominent increase in CC adapta�on increase has been observed in environment sector where 50 million rupees were allocated last year. Out of this 40 million, only 10 million was CC related alloca�on but this year CC related alloca�on is 99 million which shows 890% increase as compared to last year. Government of Punjab has also increased the budget es�mate volume for water supply and sanita�on sector, social welfare and urban development. These increases are recorded 230%, 209% and 112% respec�vely in these sector. Increase in resource alloca�on for livestock and agriculture is also remained significant. In the former sector, about 1,321 million were allocated last year and this year it enhanced by 1,520 million. Establishment of Agriculture Commission to solve the agri-issues in Punjab along with the alloca�on of 7,295million rupees in the recent year will surely upli� the agriculture sector in the province. The dark side of the alloca�on can be termed in the women development perspec�ve in the sense that every aspect of the development cannot be considered complete without gender lens. Budget alloca�on for women development regarding CC adapta�on has been recorded nil this year which was 2% last year. This shows 100% decrease in the said head.

Appendix B

Summary of National Climate

Change Policy (NCCP)

38


Summary of Na�onal Climate Change Policy (NCCP)

Na�onal climate change policy was launched in 2013 by the democra�cally elected government of Pakistan Peoples Party. Under the leadership of Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, advisor science and technology, Task force was established by the Deputy Chairman Planning Commission to an�cipate the consequent catastrophes of climate change, Pakistan's vulnerabili�es, and challenges. The report of the task force laid the founda�on of this na�onal climate change policy. In addi�on, valuable consulta�on with federal and provincial ministries, civil society and state ins�tu�ons provided worthy inputs to policy.

In view of Pakistan's high vulnerabili�es to the severe impacts of climate change, mainly adapta�on is the main focus of this policy. Different adapta�on measures are highlighted to deal with issues in various vulnerable sectors like forestry, agriculture, water, biodiversity coastal areas and other fragile ecosystems. To combat climate change, due importance is also given to mi�ga�on measures in sectors of agriculture, energy, forestry, and energy. Moreover, appropriate ac�ons are taken regarding capacity building, disaster preparedness, clean technology transfer, ins�tu�onal strengthening as well as implementa�on process briefly.

Goal of the policy is defined as:

“To ensure that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of the economy and to steer Pakistan towards climate resilient development.”

To turn Pakistan, towards climate resilient na�onal climate change policy is made. Pursue sustained economic growth, adapta�on and mi�ga�on adapta�on, incorpora�on of climate change policy with na�onal policies, insurance of water, food and energy security, minimiza�on of risks from extreme events, capacity building, awareness and conserva�on of natural resources and strengthening Pakistan's role as a conscien�ous member of the interna�onal community are the important objec�ves of the policy.

Pakistan is rated among the top 10 most vulnerable countries to climate change as per independent interna�onal assessments such as that by German Watch, an NGO based in Germany. Pakistan's vulnerability to climate change is regarding: frequency of extreme weather events, decline of Hindu kush-karakoram-Himalayan glaciers due to increasing temperature, increasing silta�on of major dams caused by frequent floods, increasing temperature, increasing intrusion of saline water in Indus delta, increasing health risks decreasing already scanty forests, and climate change induced migra�on.

Adapta�ons role is very important to abate the undesirable effects of climate change par�cularly for developing countries. So, main focus of the NCCP is on the adapta�ons. According to policy government with all ins�tu�onal stakeholders is determined to adop�ng adapta�on behavior. As per policy, sectors are iden�fied and policy measures regarding adapta�on are given for each sector.

NCCP

39

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)NCCP

Water resources of Pakistan are much fragile and sensi�ve to climate change and mainly based on the glacier and snow mel�ng as well as monsoon rains. Changing in monsoon, floods, mel�ng of glaciers will have significant impact on water resources. As adapta�on water storage enhancing capacity and infrastructure, water conserva�on strategies, integrated water resource management and awareness raising ac�ons shall be taken as policy measures.

Agriculture sector is vital for Pakistan and most vulnerable sector to climate change too. This sector account 45% of the labor force, 70% of the total export earnings and 21% of GDP. It is deeply affected by climate change and could be significantly impacted by long term climate change. So as adapta�on research on new climate change resistant varie�es, development of be�er breeds of livestock with produc�vity, technology advancement for efficient produc�on and risk management including improvement the extension system and efficient forecas�ng for farmers shall be taken on board as a policy measure by federal and provincial governments.

It is now widely recognized Climate change also has grave implica�ons on human health. Floods and storms not only increase the risk of death and injuries, they also have other health implica�ons such as diarrheal and other water borne diseases. So, preven�ve measures such as vaccina�ons, availability of cost effec�ve clean water, educa�on and training of health personnel related climate change issues, upgrading of disease outbreak monitoring and forecas�ng will be taken as adap�ve measures. Furthermore, insurance of suitable ac�ons to tackle health related climate change issues shall be taken as policy measures.

Climate change is expected to have comprehensive adverse effects on the ecosystem as a whole, par�cularly on the already fragile forestry sector in Pakistan. Due to climate change produc�vity will decrease, change species composi�on, unfavorable condi�ons for biodiversity, reduc�on in forest area, and high probability of floods will likely to happen. For the enhancing the role of biodiversity and forestry as adapta�on to climate change establishments of forest protec�on clubs at community level, development of effec�ve mechanisms to protect the welfare of vulnerable forest dependent communi�es, management, awareness to the local communi�es, reduc�on in forest fires and disease outbreak as well as reform in governance shall be taken on board as a policy measures.

Wetlands, mountain areas, arid hyper arid areas, coastal and marine ecosystems, rangelands and pastures have a very important role in the sustaining of nature. Resilience capacity of the men�on natural areas is important for adapta�on to climate change. Under the policy of climate change government is determined to pay special a�en�on on these areas for conserva�on, preserva�on, rehabilita�on as well as their sustainability.

Climate Change is likely to increase climate-related natural disasters with the projected increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, including floods, droughts, cyclones, landslides triggered by heavy rains and urban flooding due to

conges�on on storm drainage. To tackle this problem government will enhance capacity of Na�onal Disaster Management Authority and improve its func�oning. With this redesign and upgrade drainage capacity, redesign and construct disaster resilience buildings, be�er alarming systems and strengthen flood forecas�ng will be insured.

As far as socio-economic measures are concern poverty reduc�on and strengthening the gender role is mandatory to lessening the impacts of climate change. As a strategy measure government will incorporate poverty/gender-climate change nexus into economic policies and plans, strengthen communi�es for efficient use of resources, ensure development process that caters the need of poor people and recogni�on the role of women in society.

Contribu�on of Pakistan to global greenhouse gas emission is much lower (among the lowest in the world). Its total greenhouse gas emissions were 310million tons of CO2 equivalent. Energy sector is largest source of these emissions and accounts almost 51%, agriculture sector is at second and contribute 39%, industrial processes, land use and forestry's share is 6%, 3%, 1% respec�vely. As mi�ga�on to climate change government has given due right to this strategy.

Pakistan's energy sector relies more on natural gas then, furnace oil and coal that is way Pakistan's carbon emission per capita is low in the world. Despite the fact government is willing to produce green energy. For this, government will focus on green energy produc�on, conserva�on efficient energy use, sustainable road transport, efficient avia�on and railway, sustainable and energy efficient town planning, use of efficient technologies in industries, clean produc�on, minimum pollu�on, promo�on of green manure in agriculture, and promo�on of biogas as well as energy produc�on through CDM support.

To enhance the capacity building, ins�tu�onal strengthening and increasing awareness regarding climate change, government is eager to found climate change cells in federal and provincial ministries, create climate change commission, improve inter-ministerial and inter-depatmental co-ordina�on, strengthen climate change related ins�tu�ons, development of climate change curricula, development of na�onal climate change awareness program, ensure advocacy and mass consciousness about energy and water management and conserva�on.

Pakistan will enhance interna�onal and regional coopera�on with signatory countries of climate change related conferences and ins�tu�ons for guidance and help to abate climate change and to get finance and import of clean and green technology.

For implementa�on federal, provincial governments and related departments government shall build up Ac�on Plan for its execu�on to ensure effec�veness and oversee progress. climate change policy execu�on commi�ees shall be established at the federal and provincial levels under the chairpersonship of minister of climate change and environment respec�vely.

40

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) NCCP

Appendix C

Typology and its Description

42


Typology and its Descrip�on

Typology and its Descrip�on

Typology Descrip�on AE Awareness and Educa�on AL Agriculture and Livestock BI Biodiversity CI Capacity building and ins�tu�onal strengthening DP

Disaster preparedness

EN

Energy

FS

Food security

HS

Health and social services

TN

Transport TP

Town planning

VE

Vulnerable ecosystem

WR

Water resource

Appendix D

Statistical Analysis of New and Old Projects

44

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) Sta�s�cal Analysis of New and Old Projects

Sta�s�cal Analysis of New and Old Projects

Table D.1: Overall and CC-related projects for Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17

Sectors Total projects New projects On-going projects

Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

%

2015-16

Social Sector 2,047 1,495 73%

1,031 627 61%

1,016 868 78%

Infrastructure Development

1,569 970 62%

754 495 66%

815 475 58%

Produc�on Sector 166 93 56%

66 32 49%

100 61 61%

Services Sector 67 25 37%

25 7 28%

42 18 43%

Special Program 4 1 25%

3 0 0%

1 1 100%

Other Programs 120 29 24%

44 9 21%

76 20 26%

%

Total 3,973 2,613

66

1,923 1,17061%

2,050 1,443 67%

2016-17

Social Sector 2,599 1,713 66%

1,304 661 51%

1,295 1,052 81%


1,850 1,316 71%

637 531 83%

1,213 785 65%

Produc�on Sector 192 113 59%

85 44 52%

107 69 65%

Services Sector 65 26 40%

29 11 38%

36 15 42%

Special Program 5 2 40%

5 2 40%

0 0 0%

Other Programs 119 40 34%

53 27 51%

66 13 20%

Total

4,830 3,210 67%

2,113 1,276 60%

2,717 1,934 71%

78%

Table D.2: Overall and CC-related projects for social sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

%

2015-16

School Educa�on

179 0 0% 147 0 0% 32 0 0%

Higher Educa�on

259 259 100%

58 58 100%

201 201 67%

Special Educa�on

44 0 0% 37 0 0% 7 0 0%

Literacy 18 4 22%

10 3 30%

8 1 13%

Sports & Youth Affairs

217 0 0% 149 0 0% 68 0 0%

Health & Family Planning

300 291 97%

133 132 99%

167 159 95%

Water Supply & Sanita�on

936 910 97%

427 417 98%

509 493 97%

Social Welfare

26 24 92%

15 13 87%

11 11 100%

Women Development

6 1 17%

4 1 25%

2 0 0%

LG&CD 62 6 10% 51 3 6% 11 3 27%

Total

2,047 1,495 73% 1,031 627 61% 1,016 868

2016-17

School Educa�on

416 0 0% 401 0 0% 15 0 0%

Higher Educa�on

243 243 100%

53 53 100%

190 190 100%

Special Educa�on

40 0 0% 24 0 0% 16 0 0%

Literacy 7 2 29% 1 0 0% 6 2 33%


177 0 0% 28 0 0% 149 0 0%

Health & Family Planning

339 322 95%

149 137 92%

190 185 97%


1,245 1,110 89%

549 447 81%

696 663 95%

Social Welfare

30 30 100%

20 20 100%

10 10 100%

Women Development

7 0 0% 6 0 0% 1 0 0%

LG&CD 95 6 6% 73 4 6% 22 2 9%

Total

2,599 1,713 66% 1,304 661 51% 1,295 1,052 81%

45

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17)Sta�s�cal Analysis of New and Old Projects

Table D.3: Overall and CC-related projects for infrastructure development, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

%

2015-16

Roads 851 850 99% 436 436 100% 415 414 99%

Irriga�on 130 76 59% 58 38 66% 72 38 53%

Energy 20 15 75% 9 8 89% 11 7 64%

Public Buildings

423 4 1% 172 2 1% 251 2 1%

Urban Development

145 25 17% 79 11 14% 66 14 21%

Total 1,569 970 62% 754 495 66% 815 475 58%

2016-17

Roads 1,177 1,169 99% 457 454 99% 720 715 99%

Irriga�on 138 87 63% 57 42 74% 81 45 56%

Energy 13 12 92% 8 7 88% 5 5 100%

Public Buildings

411 7 2% 64 5 8% 347 2 1%

Urban Development

111 41 37% 51 23 45% 60 18 30%

Total 1,850 1,316 71% 637 531 83% 1,213 785 65%

46


Table D.4: Overall and CC-related projects for produc�on sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total

Projects

CC-relate

d project

s

%

2015-16

Agriculture 35 35 100% 18 18 100% 17 17 100%

Coopera�ves 3 1 33% 2 0 0% 1 1 100%

Forestry 30 29 97% 8 7 88% 22 22 100%

Wildlife 15 4 27% 3 1 33% 12 3 25%

Fisheries 14 11 79% 3 2 67% 11 9 82%

Food 4 2 50% 3 1 33% 1 1 100%

Livestock 27 9 33% 10 3 30% 17 6 35%

Industries, Commerce & Investment

15 1 7% 8 0 0% 7 1 14%

Mines & Minerals

10 1 10% 5 0 0% 5 1 20%

Tourism 13 0 0% 6 0 0% 7 0 0%

Total 166 93 56% 66 32 49% 100 61 61%

2016-17

Agriculture 41 41 100% 16 16 100% 25 25 100%

Coopera�ves 3 1 33% 1 1 100% 2 0 0%

Forestry 38 34 90% 11 11 100% 27 23 85%

Wildlife 10 2 20% 7 0 0% 3 2 67%

Fisheries 13 10 77% 2 1 50% 11 9 82%

Food 9 7 78% 4 4 100% 5 3 60%

Livestock 32 11 34% 16 6 38% 16 5 31%

Industries, Commerce & Investment

21 4 19% 14 3 21% 7 1 14%

Mines & Minerals

13 2 15% 7 1 14% 6 1 17%

Tourism 12 1 8% 7 1 14% 5 0 0%

Total 192 113 59% 85 44 52% 107 69 65%

47


TableD.5: Overall and CC-related projects for service sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Proje

cts

CC-related projects

% Total Projec

ts

CC-related projects

%

2015-16

Governance & Informa�on Technology

31 4 13% 9 0 0% 22 4 18%

Labour & HR Development

6 2 33% 1 0 0% 5 2 40%

Transport 16 5 31% 8 0 0% 8 5 63%

Emergency Service

14 14 100%

7 7 100% 7 7 100%

Total 67 25 37% 25 7 28% 42 18 43%

2016-17


33 5 15% 16 3 19% 17 2 12%


6 2 33% 0 0 0% 6 2 33%

Transport 9 3 33% 5 1 20% 4 2 50%

Emergency Service

17 16 94% 8 7 88% 9 9 100%

Total 65 26 40% 29 11 38% 36 15 42%

48


Table D.6: Overall and CC-related projects for special programs and others, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


Total Projects

CC-related projects

% Total Proje

cts

CC-related projects

% Total Proje

cts

CC-related projects

%

2015-16

Special Programs

Special Programme / Ini�a�ves

3 0 0% 3 0 0% 0 0 0%

District/TMA Development Programme

1 1 100% 0 0 0% 1 1 100%

Total

4 1 25% 3 0 0% 1 1 100%

Other programs

Environment 3 2 67% 0 0 0% 3 2 67%

Informa�on & Culture

16 2 13% 5 1 20% 11 1 9%

Archaeology 25 3 12% 3 0 0% 22 3 14%

Auqaf & Religious Affairs

18 1 6% 15 1 7% 3 0 0%

Human Rights & Minority Affairs

3 3 100% 3 3 100%

0 0 0%

Planning & Development

55 18 33% 18 4 22% 37 14 38%

Total 120 29 24% 44 9 21% 76 20 26%

2016-17

Special Programs

Special Programme / Ini�a�ves

4 1 25% 4 1 25% 0 0 0%


1 1 100% 1 1 100%

0 0 0%

Total 5 2 40% 5 2 40% 0 0 0%

Other programs

Environment 6 5 83% 4 4 100% 2 1 50%


14 2 14% 6 1 17% 8 1 13%

Archaeology 24 4 17% 6 2 33% 18 2 11%

Auqaf & Religious Affairs 4 0 0% 3 0 0% 1 0 0%


6 5 83% 6 5 83% 0 0 0%

Planning & Development 65 24 37% 28 15 54% 37 9 24%

Total 119 40 34% 53 27 51% 66 13 20%

49


Table D.7: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17

Sectors Mean CC relevance

weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)

CC budget es�mate (CC-BE)

CC Weighted (BE/CC-BE)

CC Weighted BE/Total CC Weighted BE

2015-16

Social Sector 20% 77,379 7,125 9% 13%


20% 145,076 31,907 22% 60%

Produc�on Sector

45% 22,425 6,455 29% 12%

Services Sector 47% 39,080 3,460 9% 7%

Special Programs

30% 42,000 3,600 9% 7%

Other Programs 27% 7,690 678 9% 1%

Total 21% 333,650 53,225 16% 100%

2016-17

Social Sector 21% 168,872 17,084 10% 16%


19% 158,200 42,204 27% 39%

Produc�on Sector

46% 49,270 11,117 23% 10%

Services Sector 50% 109,023 28,135 26% 26%

Special Programs

28% 52,000 8,250 16% 8%

Other Programs 30% 12,635 1,125 9% 1%

Total 21% 550,000 107,914 20% 100%

50


Table D.8: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for social sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)



CC Weighted BE/Total CC

Weighted BE

2015-16

School Educa�on 0% 19,670 0 0% 0%

Higher Educa�on 10% 11,730 1,176 10% 2%

Special Educa�on 0% 784 0 0% 0%

Literacy 10% 1,880 57 3% 0.1%


0% 2,500 0 0% 0%

Health & Family Planning, Popula�on Welfare

10% 22,925 2,338 10% 4%


26% 13,000 3,326 26% 6%

Social Welfare 15% 530 77 14% 0.1%

Women Development 15% 500 8 2% 0.01%

LG&CD 23% 3,860 143 4% 0.3%

Total 20% 77,379 7,125 9% 13%

2016-17

School Educa�on 0% 47,760 0 0% 0%

Higher Educa�on 10% 17,218 1,782 10% 2%

Special Educa�on 0% 962 0 0% 0%

Literacy 10% 1,883 7 0% 0.01%


0% 5,500 0 0% 0%

Health & Family Planning, Popula�on Welfare

10% 43,836 4,027 9% 4%


26% 45,000 10,964 24% 10%

Social Welfare 15% 1,584 238 15% 0.2%

Women Development 0% 629 0 0% 0%

LG&CD 19% 4,500 66 1% 0.1%

Total 21% 168,872 17,084 10% 16%

51


Table D.9: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for infrastructure development, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)



CC Weighted BE/Total CC Weighted BE

2015-16

Roads 14% 69,400 13,799 20% 26%

Irriga�on 69% 35,370 12,596 36% 24%

Energy 56% 16,000 4,067 25% 8%

Public Buildings

41% 9,140 124 1% 0.2%

Urban Development

54% 15,166 1,321 9% 2%

Total 20% 145,076 31,907 22% 60%

2016-17

Roads 14% 79,000 15,673 20% 15%

Irriga�on 71% 41,000 16,888 41% 16%

Energy 67% 9,000 6,696 74% 6%

Public Buildings

44% 11,500 151 1% 0.1%

Urban Development

50% 17,700 2,796 16% 3%

Total 19% 158,200 42,204 27% 39%

52


Table D.10: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for produc�on sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)




Weighted BE

2015-16

Agriculture 39% 10,625 4,975 47% 9%

Coopera�ves 25% 100 3 3% 0.01%

Forestry 68% 900 585 65% 1%

Wildlife 33% 700 55 8% 0.1%

Fisheries 27% 600 149 25% 0.3%

Food 75% 725 358 49% 1%

Livestock 23% 4,065 296 7% 1%

Industries,Commerce & Investment

30% 3,330 30 1% 0.1%

Mines & Minerals 25% 450 5 1% 0.01%

Tourism 0% 930 0 0% 0%

Total 45% 22,425 6,455 29% 12%

2016-17

Agriculture 41% 20,000 7,295 36% 7%

Coopera�ves 25% 208 25 12% 0.02%

Forestry 70% 2,200 1,420 65% 1%

Wildlife 28% 735 42 6% 0.04%

Fisheries 28% 755 194 26% 0.2%

Food 61% 865 494 57% 0.5%

Livestock 22% 9,227 1,520 16% 1%

Industries,Commerce & Investment

15% 12,587 97 1% 0.1%

Mines & Minerals 38% 1,893 18 1% 0.02%

Tourism 35% 800 12 2% 0.01%

Total 46% 49,270 11,117 23% 10%

53


Table D.11: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for services sector, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)




Weighted BE

2015-16


30% 8,540 37 0% 0.1%


28% 610 164 27% 0.3%

Transport 15% 28,030 2,171 8% 4%

Emergency Service 67% 1,900 1,088 57% 2%

Total 47% 39,080 3,460 9% 7%

2016-17


22% 13,950 212 2% 0.2%


28% 650 186 29% 0.2%

Transport 20% 92,273 26,202 28% 24%

Emergency Service 68% 2,150 1,535 71% 1%

Total 50% 109,023 28,135 26% 26%

54


Table D.12: CC relevancy weights and budget es�mates for special and other programs, Punjab, 2015-16 & 2016-17


weight

Budget es�mate

(BE)




Weighted BE

2015-16

Special Programs

Special Programme/ Ini�a�ves

0% 30,000 0 0% 0%


30% 12,000 3,600 30% 7%

Total 30% 42,000 3,600 9% 7%

Other Programs

Environment 60% 50 10 19% 0.02%


30% 360 12 3% 0.02%

Archaeology 25% 400 20 5% 0.04%


10% 100 1 1% 0.001%


25% 500 236 47% 0.4%


25% 6,280 400 6% 1%

Total 27% 7,690 678 9% 1%

2016-17

Special Programs

Special Programme/ Ini�a�ves

25% 37,000 3,750 10% 3%


30% 15,000 4,500 30% 4%

Total 28% 52,000 8,250 16% 8%

Other Programs

Environment 56% 185 99 54% 0.1%


23% 400 5 1% 0.01%

Archaeology 30% 400 30 8% 0.03%


0% 100 0 0% 0%


25% 800 369 46% 0.3%


27% 10,750 622 6% 1%

Total 30% 12,635 1,125 9% 1%

55


56

Climate Public Expenditure Review (CPER) in Punjab (2015-17) References

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