climate change and the blue carbon revolution!! · blue carbon: making our coasts resilient to slr...
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Climate Change and the Blue Carbon Revolution!!
John Rybczyk Department of Environmental ScienceWestern Washington University
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Climate Change and Some Interesting Stuff About Blue Carbon and Coastal Wetland Restoration and How the Three Are Related
John Rybczyk Department of Environmental ScienceWestern Washington University
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Blue Carbon: Making our coasts resilient to SLR and mitigating climate change.
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Deep Land Subsidence or Uplift
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Shallow Processes (centimeters instead of millimeters)
This is the ”blue carbon.” Accreting in the face of SLR and taking carbon out of the atmosphere.
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Why are wetlands, and coastal salt marsh wetlands in particular, so good at sequestering
blue carbon?
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1. Wetlands are very productive
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1. Wetlands are wet
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3. Wetlands accrete rapidly
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4. Coastal wetlands are salty
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Freshwater Wetlands
Sediment bacteria breathe Carbon Dioxide and exhale Methane
Saltwater Wetlands
Sediment bacteria breathe Sulfate and exhale Hydrogen Sulfide
When the oxygen is gone…
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“Blue Carbon Revolution”
• Coastal Wetland Restoration and Resilience to SLR• Climate Change Mitigation (carbon sink)• Future Carbon Markets…Funding Restoration
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Stillaguamish Case Study
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0.5-1.0 m of subsidence inside project area relative tomarsh outside old dike (Grossman and Fuller In Prep.)
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-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
1 2 3 4 5 F
Elev
atio
n ch
ange
rate
(cm
yr-1
)
Zone
2011 - 2019Restoration zone
230 g C/m2
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• Expected to accumulate approximately 9,000 tonnes of carbon before it reaches equilibrium with adjacent marshes (20 – 30 years)
• Equivalent to removing approximately 7,000 cars from the roads for one year.
• Valued at $165,000 using a carbon offset price of $4 to $5 per tonne CO2
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Is this a Blue Carbon Revolution?
1. We’ve known for a long time that coastal wetlands are productive systems that accumulate organic matter… and carbon.
2. Current market price for carbon is low (social cost is estimated to be $40 per tonne)
3. Coastal restoration sites are small.4. Not enough $$ to fund restoration, but maybe enough to fund monitoring. 5. However…Carbon sequestration is only one of many ecosystem services that
coastal wetland provide.
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Puget Sound Valuation
• Up to 61.7 billion dollars/year.
• Shorelines, eelgrass beds and freshwater marshes were most valuable on a per acre basis.
• Scored highest for habitat, recreation and storm surge protection
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Ramirez, M. 2019. Tracking Estuarine Wetland Restoration in Puget Sound; Reporting on the Puget Sound Estuaries Vital Sign Indicator. Report prepared for the Puget Sound Partnership at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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1.1 ± 0.3 cm/yr
1.0 ± 0.5 cm/yr
0.9 ± 0.2 cm/yr
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Current Rates = 3.1 mm/year
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Running Twice as Fast• Maximize opportunities
for sediment delivery and trapping. – Restoration of natural
hydrology.– Re-introduction of
river water.– Allow for upslope
migration.– Bigger is better.
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