climate change and energy...

1/4/2013

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Achieving Sustainable Development

through Academic Research

The International Higher Education

University Research Performance Forum 2013

10 April 2013

Bundit Fungtammasan

King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

Scope

Role of research for sustainable

development

Some sustainable development issues in

Thailand

The University: context and priorities

Platforms for sustainable development

related R&D

Examples of research and innovation for SD

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The Pivotal Role of Research

for National Sustainable

Development

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development (SD): an overarching

objective of many countries and communities to

ensure that present development efforts do not

compromise the ability of future generations to

meet their needs

For example: current EU SD policies, based on

renewed Sustainable Development Strategy 2006

(EU SDS), deals in an integrated way with

economic, environmental and social issues; and

each member state reports progress

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EU SDS – the Policy Context

Strategy calls for an integrated approach to policy

making and a gradual change in current

unsustainable consumption and production patterns

Identified 7 key challenges:

Climate change and clean energy

Sustainable transport

Sustainable production and consumption

Better management of natural resources

Public health threats

Social inclusion, demography and migration

Fighting global poverty

EU Research Program Tailored for Sustainability

Recognises the need to strengthen research

and technological development in helping to

translate key challenges and objectives of SDS

into concrete action, and to promote a forward-

looking and integrated approach on

sustainability

FP7 (7th Framework Program): tailored to allow

research to live up to multifaceted expectations

for R&D in SDS

Source: EC Research and Innovation – Sustainable Development (http://ec.europa.eu/research/sd/index_en.cfm)

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Thematic Contributions to SD in FP7

Health Environment (incl. climate change)

Food, agriculture &

fishery, and biotech.

Transport (incl. aeronautics)

ICT Socio-economic science and

humanities

Nanoscience,

nanotech, materials &

new production tech

Space

Energy Security


Examples of Thematic Contributions – Energy (non-nuclear)

Overall objective: making the current energy

system more sustainable, with more diverse

energy sources, greater use of renewables and

addressing the challenges of security of supply

and climate change

Link to sustainable development: Energy key to

reconciling the often opposing dimensions of

sustainable development, a vision of progress

that links economic development, protection of

the environment and social justice


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Examples of Thematic Contributions – Energy (non-nuclear)

Policy initiatives support the need for research, eg.

“Towards a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan”

Need rapid progress on 4 main fronts in energy

system

Efficient conversion and use of energy coupled with

decreasing energy intensity

Diversification of energy mix in favour of renewables

and low-carbon conversion technologies

Decarbonisation of transport system through switching

to alternative fuels;

Full liberalisation and interconnection of energy

systems, incorporating 'smart' ICT


Sustainable Development –

Some Issues of Concern

In Thailand

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Thailand at a Glance (2011)

Land area

511,937 sq.km

Population

67 Million**

GDP (nominal)

345 bUS$

Per capita GDP

(nominal)

5,395 US$

Source: World Bank

Thailand at a Glance (2)

Economic Sector % GDP

Manufacturing 34

Agriculture 11

Services and others 55

Source: Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE) 2011

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Rapid GDP Growth over the Last 4 Decades

Source: World Bank

$350 B Current USD

Energy demand growth closely coupled with GDP, despite slow population growth

Note: Others sector consist of agriculture, mining and construction sector Source : DEDE, EPPO,JGSEE

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Industry Transport Residential Commercial Others

< Historical Projection >

Mtoe

1991-2010 2011-2030 TFEC 4.4 4.2 GDP 4.5 4.3 Pop. 0.9 0.3 By sector Industry 5.9 5.0 Transport 4.3 3.5 Residential 2.2 3.8 Commercial 7.5 5.5 Others 3.8 2.1

Average growth rate (%) 162.7

71.2

BAU

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Dwindling domestic energy reserves (as of Dec 2011)

Source: EPPO, Thailand Energy Statistics 2012

Energy Type Proven Reserve

R/P Ratio (yrs)

Natural gas 10,060 bcf 7.7

Oil & condensate

450 mbl 5.5

Coal (lignite) 2,075 mt 97

Hydro* 15,100 MW NA

Note bcf: billion cubic feet, mbl: million barrels, mt: million ton * Including potentials of international river

About half of energy needs imported, and import-dependence is growing…….

Inequality in energy access

Region kWh per capita

National average 2,321

Metropolitan Bangkok 5,523

Central 4,662

South 1,512

North 1,030

Northeast 685

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Vehicle Stocks - Past Trends and Current Status

26.7 Mil. Vehicles

17.7 Mil. Vehicles

In 2008 Vehicle Stocks: PC 4.43 Mil. Vehicles PU 4.84 Mil. Vehicles MC 16.3 Mil. Vehicles Others 1.13 Mil. Vehicles Vehicle Ownership: PC 67 veh./1,000 persons PU 73 veh./1,000 persons MC 245 veh./1,000 persons Others 17 veh./1,000 persons

Economic Crisis

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Vehicle Stocks - Projection under BAU Scenario

26.7 Mil. Vehicles

110.4 Mil. Vehicles

4 times of current status

In 2030 Vehicle Stocks: PC 20.0 Mil. Vehicles PU 15.3 Mil. Vehicles MC 72.6 Mil. Vehicles Others 2.43 Mil. Vehicles Vehicle Ownership: PC 264 veh./1,000 persons PU 202 veh./1,000 persons MC 958 veh./1,000 persons Others 32 veh./1,000 persons

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Income gap widening

Richest 20% make

almost 60% of the

income, poorest 20%

garnered only 4%

Lower middle-

class workers have much

difficulty catching up with

the group above them

Source: TDRI

Fossil fuels dominate Thailand’s Primary Energy Supply (% Share in 2011)

Total PES: 128 Mtoe

Oil, 36.5

Natural gas,

32.6

Coal, 11.8

Hydro, 2

Renewables,

16.2

Biofuels, 0.7 Other, 0.2

Source: DEDE, Thailand Energy Situation Report 2012

82% fossil

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Thailand’s Energy-related CO2

Emission Trend

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

1986-2012 (unit: million tons of CO2)

Source: www.eppo.go.th

Loss of forest cover

Total forest cover: 37% of total land area

Forest cover declined from 61% to 34% of the

country's land area during 1945-1975, lost close

to 28% of the remaining over the next 11 years

(ave loss 3.1% per year)

Since logging ban: loss declined dramatically, still

lost 28,850 ha or 0.15% per year (1990-2010)

Consequent loss of carbon stock in living forest

biomass and biodiversity

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Signs of increasing extreme

weather events…..

Unprecedented flooding in 2011

Notable changes in different patterns of

extreme rainfall characteristics in each coastal

side during 1965-2006

Will be exposed to increasing risks of different

extreme rainfall-driven disasters: inland flash

flood, coastal flooding, coastal erosion, severe

water shortage

Making Energy, Environmental

and Societal Issues a Priority in

Research in the University

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King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

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1960: Founded as Thonburi Technical College

1971: Upgraded to King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology

Thonburi Campus

1986: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi

1998: Became autonomous and renamed King

Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

2009: 1 of 9 Designated National Research Universities

From a technical college to a research

university in science, engineering, technology

and management

KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI

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Practical & Excellent

High Impact Research

Residential College

City Connection

KMUTT Bangmod Main Campus

Teaching Research

and Learning Center

KMUTT Bangkhuntien

First University

Industrial Park in Thailand

KMUTT Ratchaburi Learning Park

21st Century KMUTT

Quality Graduates

KMUTT Learning Square

Innovation and Entrepreneur

Development Center

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27 KMUTT Locations

Our Motto:

Professionalism and Integrity

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Faculty of Engineering

Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology

Faculty of Science

School of Information Technology

School of Architecture and Design

FACULTIES AND SCHOOLS – UNDERGRAD AND POSTGRAD

School of Liberal Arts

School of Energy, Environment and Materials

School of Bioresources and Technology

Graduate School of Management and Innovation

GRADUATE SCHOOLS

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Center for Energy Technology and Environment – Lead (Operated by the Joint Graduate School

of Energy and Environment - JGSEE)

Post Harvest Technology - Partner

Environmental and Hazardous Wastes Management - Partner

Physics - Partner

Mathematics - Partner

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DESIGNATED CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE

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Total 18,000

Undergraduate 12,000 (67%)

Graduate 6,000 (33%)

Masters 5,300

PhD 700

STUDENT POPULATION

32

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Total 2,150

Teaching & research 740

Research track 120

Administrative support 1,290

STAFF

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Research Mission

Towards high-impact research

through value creation for economic

and social systems

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Research Thrusts

Energy, Environment & Clean Technology

Food & Agro-based Industries

Materials & Manufacturing

Information & Communications Tech

Learning & Technical Education

Humanities and Design

36 Established under National Research University Program

Energy &

Environment

BioSci BioEng &

Food

Materials

Sci & Eng

Manufacturing &

Automation

Computation & IT

Research Clusters

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! Times Higher Education World

University Ranking 2012-2013:

! KMUTT represents the only

Thai University in World’s Top

400

! Ranked 3rd in South East

Asia behind NUS and NTU of

Singapore

! QS Asian University Ranking 2012:

! Ranked 161-170th Overall

! Ranked 6th in Thailand

! Ranked 1st of S&T Universities

in Thailand

Recent Rankings

Tuesday, 22 January 13

A University Committed to SD

UI Green Metric World Universities

Ranking

Ranked 17th globally and 1st in

Thailand in 2010

Ranked 38th globally and 2nd in

Thailand in 2012

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A University Committed to SD (2)

Committed to

being a Green University that provides role models on

Energy, Environment & Safety Management Systems

(EESM)

applying SD concepts to all activities within the university

and incorporating SD context in all curricula

making students & staff Change Agents in helping the

community & society improve quality of life through good

practices in EESM

continuous improvement in EESM to meet sustainability for

all

KMUTT Green University Policy

A University Committed to SD

Created a Campus Environment and Hazardous

Materials Management Project in 1996

Transformed to Environment, Safety and Health (ESH)

Unit in 2000, tasked with setting policies, guidelines,

code of practice, and campus-wide awareness

campaigns

Changed to Energy, Environment, Safety and Health

(EESH) Unit in 2004, after winning support from

Energy Ministry to run Green University project

First EESH system in a university, served as a role

model for other institutions and extended services to

communities

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A University Focused on Energy

Research

A long history of involvement has made

KMUTT a reputation locally and in the region

1976 School of Energy and Materials founded following the oil crisis in 1973 to pursue graduate education and research (first of its kind in Thailand), later renamed School of Energy, Environment & Materials More than 1,500 graduates to date


Research (2)

1979 ASEAN COST set up a Working Group on Non

Conventional Energy Research (WGNCER) to

enhance R&D capabilities and contribute to

national energy policy planning and formulation

WGNCER, later upgraded to ASEAN Sub-Com on

Non-Conventional Energy Research (SCNCER),

was chaired and coordinated by KMUTT – home

of the Secretariat up to early 90’s Focused on energy technologies other than conventional use of energy for electricity generation

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Research (3)

1998 The Joint Graduate School of Energy and

Environment (JGSEE) founded as a 5-

university consortium and CoE led by

KMUTT

Focused on graduate education

(international programs) and research

Produced more than 100 PhD graduates

2011 Established Energy and Environment

Research Cluster

Empowering Disadvantaged

Communities

Integrating R&D and outreach

activities to empower

disadvantaged communities,

particularly in remote areas, to

self-reliance through Schools strengthening

Vocational training, improving

quality of life and the

environment

while educating students and

young academic staff (NAS) on

SD issues in the process

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Schools Strengthening

Targeting schools around the

campuses & in remote areas

Locally-relevant, problem-

based learning

Science strengthening

Bridging the “digital divide”

through IT education

Change agent to address

energy & environment and

climate change issues

Vocational training, improving

quality of life & the environment

Targeting remote communities

under Royal Projects

Foundation & other royal

initiatives, and communities

around campuses

Applying Energy, Environment

& Engineering for Agriculture

(3E’s for A), and combining

local wisdom

Supporting Royal Project’s

Food Processing Plants

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Creating Platforms for

Focused Research

Graduate Schools

School of Energy, Environment & Materials

School of Bioresources and Technology

Joint Graduate School of Energy and

Environment (with contributions from other

faculties/schools within KMUTT and from

other university partners)

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Centers

CoE on Energy Technology & Environment

CoE on Hazardous Substance Management

CoE on Waste Utilization and Management

CoE on Nanomatrials for Alternative Energy

Clean Energy Systems Center

Biochemical Engineering Research Center

Research and Services Center for Community

and Society (champion of Community Alliance

Projects)

etc

Interdisciplinary Research Clusters

Research clusters under the National

Research University Program:

Energy & Environment

Materials Science & Materials Engineering

Bioscience, bioengineering and food

Research clusters under university initiative:

Earth system science

Indoor air quality

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Examples of KMUTT’s Research

and Innovation Contribution to

Sustainable Development with

Tangible Results

Clean Energy

Energy efficiency Thailand’s Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan

and R&D Master Plan

Building Energy Code

Low-energy building design for hot &

humid climate

High efficiency appliances: gas stove, etc

Energy efficiency improvements in

industrial processes

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Clean Energy (2)

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy resource potential

assessment (biomass, biogas, wind)

Biomass gasification for heat application in

cement industry

Biogas technology for small to large scale

applications, agro-industry plants in particular

Rural applications of photovoltaic (PV)

systems, hybrid systems (the only PV system

standard testing center in the region)

Sustainable Transport

National energy efficiency plan and R&D

plan for the transport sector

Scenarios for future transport energy

demand and greenhouse gas emissions

Biofuels for transport: production and

utilization

Assessment of impacts of alternative

vehicles (e.g. electric vehicles) on

infrastructure and industry

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Climate Change

Greenhouse gas inventory as a contribution

to Thailand’s national communication to the

UNFCCC

Greenhouse gas monitoring, carbon

dynamics of tropical forest & agriculture

Sustainability assessments based on LCA

(life cycle assessment) of energy systems,

agriculture, and industry: carbon footprints,

water footprints, etc

Low-carbon city initiatives

Conclusion

KMUTT has had a long history of commitment to addressing sustainable development related issues through education, research and outreach activities

By focusing its research efforts in energy, environment, climate change, and disadvantaged communities, and creating suitable platforms for R&D, it has been able to produce tangible results that contribute to SD in a number of areas

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Thank you !

[email protected]

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