Climate Change and Climate Change and

BangladeshBangladeshOur Vulnerability and ResponseOur Vulnerability and Response

RabindranathRabindranath Roy Roy ChowdhuryChowdhuryJoint SecretaryJoint Secretary

Ministry of Environment and ForestsMinistry of Environment and Forests

26 August 200826 August 2008

VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities

Bangladesh Specific Observed Changes in Bangladesh Specific Observed Changes in

Climate Trends, Variability and Extreme eventsClimate Trends, Variability and Extreme events

�� Annual average temperature has an increasing trend (1Annual average temperature has an increasing trend (1ºº C in May C in May and 0.5 and 0.5 ºº C in November)C in November)

�� The mean rainfall exhibits increasing trendsThe mean rainfall exhibits increasing trends

�� Recurring floods Recurring floods

�� Cyclones originating from Bay of Bengal attributed as increasingCyclones originating from Bay of Bengal attributed as increasingintensityintensity

�� Monsoon depression and cyclones formation in Bay of Bengal has Monsoon depression and cyclones formation in Bay of Bengal has increasedincreased

�� Water shortage in urban and industrial areasWater shortage in urban and industrial areas

�� Saline water intrusion takes place 100 km or more in the coastalSaline water intrusion takes place 100 km or more in the coastalarea in dry seasonarea in dry season

�� Droughts resulting from declining precipitation, resulted dryingDroughts resulting from declining precipitation, resulted drying up up wetlandswetlands (Source: IPCC)(Source: IPCC)

Bangladesh Specific Impact Bangladesh Specific Impact

Projection by IPCCProjection by IPCC

�� The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 2007 warns us of The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 2007 warns us of

imminent threat due to climate changeimminent threat due to climate change

�� With 1 meter rise in sea level, 29,846 With 1 meter rise in sea level, 29,846 sq.kmsq.km. coastal area . coastal area

will be inundatedwill be inundated

�� 14.8 million people will be landless, and become climate 14.8 million people will be landless, and become climate

refugeerefugee

�� SundarbansSundarbans, the largest single tract mangrove forests, , the largest single tract mangrove forests,

home of Royal Bengal Tiger will disappearhome of Royal Bengal Tiger will disappear

Bangladesh Specific Impact Bangladesh Specific Impact

Projection by IPCC (Contd..)Projection by IPCC (Contd..)

�� Recurrent severe flooding, water logging;Recurrent severe flooding, water logging;

�� Loss of agricultural productivityLoss of agricultural productivity

�� Recurrent cyclone, storm surges with more Recurrent cyclone, storm surges with more

intensity;intensity;

�� Increase of inland population density due to Increase of inland population density due to

migration/ social unrestmigration/ social unrest

BangladeshBangladesh-- Innocent Victims of Innocent Victims of

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

�� Threatens DevelopmentThreatens Development

�� Far reaching consequences for the already vulnerable Far reaching consequences for the already vulnerable nationnation

�� Challenges Poverty ReductionChallenges Poverty Reduction

�� Poverty trap and sustainable development confronted Poverty trap and sustainable development confronted with climate challengeswith climate challenges

�� Questions Human SecurityQuestions Human Security

�� Permanent displacement/ migration due to climate Permanent displacement/ migration due to climate challenges challenges

Climate Risks for BangladeshClimate Risks for Bangladesh

Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts

�� Changes in rainfall patternChanges in rainfall pattern

�� Increased frequency & severity of Increased frequency & severity of flood, droughts, storms, heat flood, droughts, storms, heat waveswaves

�� Changes in growing seasons and Changes in growing seasons and regionsregions

�� Changes in water quality and Changes in water quality and quantityquantity

�� Sea level riseSea level rise

�� Glacial meltGlacial melt

SocioSocio--economic Resources & Sectors economic Resources & Sectors affectedaffected

�� Water resourcesWater resources

�� Agriculture and forestryAgriculture and forestry

�� Food securityFood security

�� Human healthHuman health

�� InfrastructureInfrastructure

�� Settlements; displacement of Settlements; displacement of inhabitants and loss of livelihoodinhabitants and loss of livelihood

�� Coastal managementCoastal management

�� Industry and energyIndustry and energy

�� Disaster response and recovery plansDisaster response and recovery plans

Flood prone areas

Drought prone areas

Cyclone prone areas

Climate Change ResponseClimate Change Response

�� Policy InitiativesPolicy Initiatives

Commits to take urgent and longCommits to take urgent and long--term action to reduce term action to reduce

the vulnerability of its people and risks to national the vulnerability of its people and risks to national

developmentdevelopment

�� Capacity Building InitiativesCapacity Building Initiatives

Establishment of climate change cell at the Department Establishment of climate change cell at the Department

of Environment with an objective to of Environment with an objective to

oo Better understand climate risks through impact prediction Better understand climate risks through impact prediction

modeling modeling

oo Facilitate capacity building through trainingFacilitate capacity building through training

oo Explore risk management and adaptation options through Explore risk management and adaptation options through

researchresearch

Preparation of National Adaptation Preparation of National Adaptation

Programme Action (NAPA)Programme Action (NAPA)

��NAPA has identified immediate and urgent NAPA has identified immediate and urgent

adaptation needsadaptation needs

�� 15 priority projects have been identified15 priority projects have been identified

��The first priority project, The first priority project, ““Coastal Coastal

AfforestationAfforestation through Community through Community

ParticipationParticipation”” is being currently implemented is being currently implemented

by the Forest Departmentby the Forest Department

�� Adaptive crop agriculture including innovative Adaptive crop agriculture including innovative

farming practices in the farming practices in the HaorHaor basinbasin

�� Adaptive crop agriculture including innovative Adaptive crop agriculture including innovative

farming practices in the coastal zone of farming practices in the coastal zone of

BangladeshBangladesh

�� Crop insurance as a Risk Management Strategy Crop insurance as a Risk Management Strategy

in Bangladeshin Bangladesh

�� Climate impact scenarios for BangladeshClimate impact scenarios for Bangladesh

�� Climate change and its impact on transmission Climate change and its impact on transmission

dynamics of choleradynamics of cholera

Adaptation Research Modeling Adaptation Research Modeling

activities undertakenactivities undertaken

�� Landfill Gas Extraction and Utilization at Landfill Gas Extraction and Utilization at

MatuailMatuail Dumpsite, DhakaDumpsite, Dhaka

�� Composting Project at Composting Project at MatuailMatuail Dumpsite, DhakaDumpsite, Dhaka

�� Installation of 30,000 Solar Home Systems (SHS) Installation of 30,000 Solar Home Systems (SHS)

in Rural Householdsin Rural Households

�� Replacement of 100,000 Incandescent Bulb with Replacement of 100,000 Incandescent Bulb with

Energy Efficient Compact Fluorescent Lamp Energy Efficient Compact Fluorescent Lamp

(CFL) in Rural Bangladesh(CFL) in Rural Bangladesh

Mitigation activities undertaken under Clean Mitigation activities undertaken under Clean

Development Mechanism (CDM)Development Mechanism (CDM)

oo Improvement in cultivation practices to reduce methane Improvement in cultivation practices to reduce methane

emissionsemissions

oo Reduction of energy use for irrigation through efficient pumps Reduction of energy use for irrigation through efficient pumps

and demandand demand--side managementside management

oo Solar and wind pumpingSolar and wind pumping

oo Improvement in use of agrochemicalsImprovement in use of agrochemicals

oo EnergyEnergy--efficient appliancesefficient appliances

oo Energy conservation measuresEnergy conservation measures

oo Reuse of wastewaterReuse of wastewater

oo Use of renewable energy sourcesUse of renewable energy sources

Potential CDM opportunities identifiedPotential CDM opportunities identified

oo Development of renewable energy sourcesDevelopment of renewable energy sources

oo Clean coal technologiesClean coal technologies

oo Fuel substitution measuresFuel substitution measures

oo Improvement in electricity transmission and distribution Improvement in electricity transmission and distribution

networknetwork

oo Reduction of leakage in transport, handling, and distribution ofReduction of leakage in transport, handling, and distribution of

oil and gasoil and gas

oo AfforestationAfforestation, reforestation, and avoided deforestation, reforestation, and avoided deforestation

oo Energy conservation and energyEnergy conservation and energy--efficiency measuresefficiency measures

oo Process modification in order to lower emissionsProcess modification in order to lower emissions

Potential CDM opportunities identifiedPotential CDM opportunities identified

(Contd..)(Contd..)

�� A National Committee with Secretaries of various ministries and A National Committee with Secretaries of various ministries and national experts as member and Special Assistant to the Chief national experts as member and Special Assistant to the Chief Advisor as Chair has been formedAdvisor as Chair has been formed

�� The National Committee is assisted by 5 subThe National Committee is assisted by 5 sub--committeescommittees1.1. MitigationMitigation

2.2. AdaptationAdaptation

3.3. Technology Development and TransferTechnology Development and Transfer

4.4. FinanceFinance

5.5. Public AwarenessPublic Awareness

�� The National Committee assisted by subThe National Committee assisted by sub--committees prepare committees prepare country positions for the ongoing negotiation process on climatecountry positions for the ongoing negotiation process on climatechange and are responsible for preparing National Strategy and change and are responsible for preparing National Strategy and Action PlanAction Plan

National Steering CommitteeNational Steering Committee

�� The government has allocated taka 300 The government has allocated taka 300 crorecrore (US (US

$ 43 million)$ 43 million)

�� A committee headed by Secretary, MOEF with A committee headed by Secretary, MOEF with

members from relevant Ministries and Civil members from relevant Ministries and Civil

Society has been constituted for framing policies Society has been constituted for framing policies

and approve projectsand approve projects

�� A separate committee headed by Additional A separate committee headed by Additional

Secretary, Finance Division has been constituted Secretary, Finance Division has been constituted

to manage the fundto manage the fund

Establishment of Climate Change Establishment of Climate Change

Fund by the GovernmentFund by the Government

oo Under the guidance of National Steering Committee, an expert Under the guidance of National Steering Committee, an expert committee has recently developed a National Climate Change committee has recently developed a National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan targeting to present in BangladeshStrategy and Action Plan targeting to present in Bangladesh--UK UK conference on climate change to be held in London on Sept 10, conference on climate change to be held in London on Sept 10, 20082008

oo The Action Plan identifies around 50 interventions under the The Action Plan identifies around 50 interventions under the following thematic areas, namelyfollowing thematic areas, namely--oo Water resourcesWater resources

oo Coastal resourcesCoastal resources

oo AgricultureAgriculture

oo HealthHealth

oo livelihoodlivelihood

oo Food securityFood security

oo Habitat/ settlement securityHabitat/ settlement security

Development of Bangladesh Climate Development of Bangladesh Climate

Change Strategy and Action PlanChange Strategy and Action Plan

Contact AddressContact Address

RabindranathRabindranath Roy Roy ChowdhuryChowdhury

Joint Secretary (Environment)Joint Secretary (Environment)

Ministry of Environment and ForestsMinistry of Environment and Forests

Phone: 7162987 (off.)Phone: 7162987 (off.)

ee--mail: jsenv@moef.gov.bdmail: jsenv@moef.gov.bd