climate change and african cities. overview impacts on african cities adaptation options mitigation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Climate Change and African Cities
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Overview
• Impacts on African Cities
• Adaptation Options• Mitigation Options• Opportunities for
African Mayors• Key messages
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Major African Cities at risk
due to sea level rise
CasablancaAlgiers
AlexandriaMombasa
Dar es SalaamMaputoDurban
Port ElizabethCape Town
LuandaDoualaLagosAccra
CotonouLome
AbidjanMonroviaConakryDakar
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The Impacts of Climate Changeon African Cities
• Extreme weather events damage buildings and urban infrastructure
• Coastal cities affected by sea level rise• Water resources stress: floods and droughts• Human Health – malaria; waterborne
diseases; polluted water• Food Security – Livelihoods – Tourism• Climate refugees move to urban slums
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< Sea Level Rise
Landslides >
v Tropical cyclones
Flooding v
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Adaptation & Mitigation
• Adaptation = To manage the un-avoidable
• Mitigation = To avoid the un-manageable
• Adaptation and Mitigation are interconnected and mutually supportive
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Adaptation Optionsfor African Mayors
• Climate proofing of urban infrastructure, e.g. seawalls and storm surge barriers
• Investing in storm water drainage• Early warning systems • Enhance community resilience• Relocation of vulnerable settlements and
infrastructure• Access financing mechanisms such as the UNFCCC
Adaptation Fund• Insurance schemes
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Mitigation Optionsfor African Mayors
• Energy efficiency in local government facilities, e.g. street lighting and water pumps
• Foresighted transport and infrastructure planning
• Compact and dense urban patterns to reduce travel distances and infrastructure networks
• Promote energy efficient building materials• Landfill methane recovery• Protect forests and watersheds• Finance: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
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Urban planning – Sustainable building
Urban transport modes – Renewable energy generation
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Examplesby African Cities
• Solid waste management technologies: Durban, Antananarivo
• Housing energy efficiency improvement: Cape Town
• Rehabilitation and greening of public spaces: Malindi, Bujumbura
• City-wide planning and management: Maputo, Kampala
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Policies and Strategiesfor African Mayors
• Raise public awareness on challenges and opportunities
• Join networks to pool resources and share know-how and best practices
• Improving climate change governance: linking local initiatives with national plans (e.g. NAPAs)
• Appropriate by-laws for urban planning, traffic, infrastructure and building
• Enhance environmental law enforcement capacity• Strengthening adaptive capacity of cities and
communities• Involvement of key stakeholders (e.g youth, private
sector)
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Opportunitiesfor African Mayors
• Local Authorities to be part of national delegations in UNFCCC process
• Report on city achievements as part of UNFCCC reports: sub-national policies and measures
• Support programmes for cities towards a post-Kyoto protocol: UN-HABITAT, UNEP, UNDP, UNITAR, World Bank, ICLEI
• African Climate Change Centre in Addis Ababa (UNEP GC25)
• Direct involvement of large cities – sustainable development packages (post Kyoto)
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2009 Calendarfor African Mayors
Raising the voice of cities in the global Climate Change debate:– 17 March – Launch of Cities and Climate
Change Initiative, Oslo– 1 April – GC22 Dialogue on impacts of climate
change on housing and urban finance, Nairobi– 16 June - ICLEI World Congress Edmonton– 28 June - World Bank Urban Research
Seminar on Cities and Climate Change, Marseille
– 10 December - Mayors Summit at COP15 Copenhagen
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Key Conclusionsfor African Mayors
• Urbanization affects climate change, resulting in severe impacts to African cities and livelihoods.
• The severest burden is born by urban poor in African slums.
• Climate change actions by African Cities need to be expanded and capacities strengthened.
• City initiatives need to be integrated in national action plans and global reporting.
• The voice of African Mayors in climate change policy debates has to be raised urgently.
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Thank you!