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PHILIP KIMELIResearch Assistant, CCAFS East Africa

Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

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CCAFS objectives

1.Identify and develop pro-poor adaptation and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for agriculture and food systems.

2.Support the inclusion of agricultural issues in climate change policies, and of climate issues in agricultural policies, at all levels (Global, National, Sub-National.

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Adapting Agriculture toClimate Variability and Change

Technologies, practices, partnerships and policies for:

1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change

2. Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk

3. Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation

Improved Environmental

HealthImproved

Rural Livelihoods

Improved Food

Security

Enhanced adaptive capacity in agricultural, natural

resource management, and food systems

Trade-offs and Synergies

4. Integration for Decision Making

• Linking Knowledge with Action• Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis

and Planning• Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis

Rese

arch

them

es

Impacts

Outp

ut

The CCAFS framework

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Latin America

West Africa

East Africa

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Where CCAFS Works

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• Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania

• Integrating CCAFS research across local, national and regional scales

• Six sites across the 4 countries:• Borana (ET)• Wote and Nyando (KE)• Hoima and Rakai (UG)• Lushoto (TZ)

• Site selection based farming systems, risk profile, and represent areas that are becoming both drier or wetter.

CCAFS East Africa

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Participatory Action Research (PAR) Process

• Evaluating a portfolio of promising climate change adaptation, mitigation and risk management options in collaboration with a wide range of partners

Farmers in Lushoto tilling the land

A boy feeds the shoats in Nyando

Research in Baseline Sites

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Why Participatory Approach?

• Recognizes community as a unit of identity• Builds on strengths and resources within the

community• Facilitates collaborative partnerships in all phases

of the research• Integrates knowledge and action for mutual

benefit of all partners• Promotes a co-learning and empowering process

that attends to social inequalities• Involves a cyclical and iterative process• Disseminates findings and knowledge gained to

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Uganda SitesGender study (T4.1): Enhancing adaptive capacity of men and women crop-livestock farmers to climate change in Rakai – NaLIRRI

Participatory evaluation of farmer preferred drought tolerant bean vars (red, red mottled and yellow) – CIAT-PABRA

• Inception workshop

• Dissemination of CIAT farmer manuals

• Bean trials planted and evaluated Empowering communities to use scientific climate and weather information integrated with indigenous knowledge to build resilient livelihoods

• Characterization of climate variables in Hoima and Rakai Learning sites

AFSIS-CCAFS Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) survey in Hoima

6 participants from NARES and farmers organizations trained in LDSF method

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Tanzania Baseline SiteAdaptation

• On-farm evaluation of irish and sweet potatoes, and cassava for yield and adaptability - HORTI

• Evaluation of beans - yield, disease resistance and adaptability to highland zone – SARI

• Crop diversification and intensification – maize• Promoting integration of indigenous

knowledge (IK) and scientific seasonal forecasting - SUA and TMA

• Local indicators for predicting weather/climate: insects, flowering of peaches and plums, appearance of swams of pirates, butterflies, frogs, ants and grasshopers

• Seasonal MAM and OND from May 2012 till date in forecasts using IK and TMA identical

Agro-forestry to increase on-farm tree cover – 10% target – TAFORI

Risk management

Mitigation

• IK weather forecasting teams formed in 3 villages reflecting diversity in zones

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Ethiopia Baseline SiteRisk ManagementSocial innovation and rangeland enclosure to adapt to a changing climate – MARIL Capacity building of savings and credit

Collective Action Groups

• Mobilizing savings, book keeping & loan management

Rangeland enclosure management and innovation – improve harvesting &

• Document utilization & management

• Technical support - proper harvesting, pasture storage, reseeding, water harvesting & optimization of grazing intensity

Planning for stakeholder consultations for other PAR activities in Borana:

E.g. Drought resistant/early maturing crops

Partners: Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, MARIL

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Adaptation (Nyando)• Evaluation of sorghum for yield,

adaptability to low soil moisture, and farmer preference in collaboration with - KARI Kibos

• Evaluation of maize for yield, adaptability to low soil moisture

• Introduction of cassava for adaptability – KARI vars from Teso & Siaya

• Diversification

Improved sheep and goats – ILRI

Horticulture – fruits (water melon and butter nuts) and vegetables (tomatoes & onions) in Nyando

• Agro-forestry to increase on-farm tree cover – 10% target

Risk management (Nyando

Mitigation (Nyando)

Kenya Sites

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• Household baseline surveys• Village baseline surveys• Organizational baseline surveys

CCAFS Wote Site

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CCAFS Partners Activities

Integration of grain legumes such as pigeon peas, cow peas and sorghum for food security – MoA, KARI and ICRISAT

CCAFS partnered with ICRISAT, MoA, KMD, IRI and KARI to test the effectiveness of different methods of communicating downscaled seasonal climate forecast information to assess its impact on management and productivity of smallholder farms

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• CCAFS worked with KENFAP to test the potential of local language radio as a tool for motivating dialogue and enhancing learning on climate change and its impacts on agriculture and food security in local community settings.

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CCAFS Partners Activities

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• Stakeholder/partner workshop to evaluate the previous activities as a feedback process and plan for the upcoming seasonal activities

• Integration of CCAFS and its partner research activities to the county government development policies

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Way Forward

• Capacity building and empowerment of farmer groups and women for enhanced climate adaptation practices uptake

• Scaling up the best bet practices beyond the seven villages

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1. How can farming communities (crop and livestock) in ASAL regions adapt to climate change to ensure food security?

2. What are the benefits of on-farm soil and water conservation? 3. How can early warning systems and climate forecasts be used in rural communities and

how can we enable farmers to access the information? 4. What policy interventions exist or need to be developed to enable climate change

adaptation in the agricultural and livestock sectors in ASALs?

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Learning Opportunities

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CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

(CCAFS), East Africa.P.O Box 30709 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Phone: +254 20 422 3000 Fax: +254 20

422 3001Email: ccafsea@cgiar.org; Website: ccafs.cgiar.org/regions/east-africa

CGIARClimate @cgiarclimate_EA

Thank you!