1. o o u u, , 3121

2. o o u e e e , o u o a , , a , i e : u e e u a o u o a o a o a a , a , e ( ) , , , i o a u e ei e , , ii a a u u u o e u u o u o u u a o o , o u a :1. 2. o 3. o 4. 5. i ai o a 6. -u 3. 7. - 8. 9. (, , a, i)10. 11. a e o u i u u , , o o i oo e u a o u :-2 u u (Salinity tolerant high yielding variety) : u a o e o o i 9-23 / u u 3 u u (Drought tolerant high yielding variety) : a o a i u u u a e u u e a u 4 u u (Heat tolerant high yielding variety): u u e e i o e i u e u a u e o a u u 4. 5 , o u u (Flash Flood, Water-logging & Submergence tolerant high yielding variety): a o e a e eo u a o a : e u a e i ei o (Submergence tolerant) a u o u u e (Sub 1) u 6 u u u (Short duration high yielding variety): u , , a , i u o o o u u/ e o e a u u 7 u u u (Water use efficient high yielding variety): u : --- e - u -u e - u (Water Table) o a o 88 o e a e a i 5. u (Water use efficient) o u e u 7 u /u u u (Low input responsive/nutrient efficient variety high yielding): a o a o eo a u u u o u o u a e u u u /u u i e i u a u2 i u:o u u e o o u , o 3 4 , e u 3 : e , , a u e 6. 4 u u : a o u u e , e u i u u u u u u : o iu i o a u e u u o a e o a i u o o u o u a -58 e ( ) eo -44 e -8 u e a a e u -61 u e e 21-23 -62 o -63 u (Conventional Breeding) Conventional Breeding e u 21- 23 a (6-7 ) u u :2 /u /i : 7. a i u e a a e o a / u /u /i/ MAS u u //a i o 3-4 u i o u a e e o u 3 o : o e a u, o e o u u :-K) e (Marker Assisted Selection): gene marker (Morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA Marker) Marker assisted selection MAS a e a a Introgress u a Population a e Early Generation ei Precision Breeding e i e e a: u u ( ) e i e i e oi e eoi i ) (Gene Pyramiding): e Genetic background-e e e e gene- e Gene 8. Pyramiding a e Gene- e Background e introgress/insert i Molecular Marker Genetic Resources e a Introgress e MAS u M) QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci): a , e ; ei Quantitative trait , Polygenic, Multifactorial a Complex traits o gene genome e a Quantitative trait- Quantitative trait loci QTL Introgress N) (Genetic transformation): i ei o u e a a a u O) o a u : (Biotechnological, Biochemical & Conventional Breeding) e u e e a 4 u: u u u : u (NARS) o e o a e u e o e 9. e o a a a u e , o , u o u a- ( u, i) e a o o a i o u u e, i u o o u/ e o u u /i/ a / u o u u/ u o u u , o u u u a , , u o u : u o a o i o 10. a e o u u e u