climate challenge fund carbon literacy for … · global warming vs. climate change • global...
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CLIMATE CHALLENGE FUND Carbon Literacy for Communities – Day One
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Exercise
About us
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Keep Scotland Beautiful
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Keep Scotland Beautiful
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Keep Scotland Beautiful
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Keep Scotland Beautiful
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Community Action Support Programme
• Free training and support for any community group in Scotland with an interest in tackling climate change
• Provided through our management and development of the CCF on behalf of the Scottish Government.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccfcommunitysupport
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Carbon Literacy
• Day One – Understanding and Communicating Climate Change
• Day Two – Low Carbon Behaviours
“Carbon literacy means having an instinctive understanding of the carbon
impacts of our activities, and being able to make informed choices about the
most energy and resource efficient and lower carbon options available to us.”
Carbon Literacy Project
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Carbon Literacy
• Certification – To receive certification you will be asked to fill in a short assessment form asking you to identify one personal and one group carbon reducing action you will take.
• You will be asked to outline why you think these actions are significant and this will allow the Carbon Literacy Project to certify you.
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Icebreaker
Talk to the person next to you.
Tell each other one thing you know for certain about climate change, and one thing you’re not so sure
about?
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Aims of today
• Examine the scientific basis for climate change
• Explore the potential impacts rising greenhouse gasses and a changing climate
• Learn about communicating climate change and practice some techniques for doing so
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Structure of the day
• Morning –looking at the science behind climate change; and how our climate is changing already. What is being done about it?
• Lunch
• Afternoon – Myth busting and thinking about how we communicate the climate case
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What is climate change?
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Global warming vs. Climate Change
• Global warming - the rise in global average temperatures
• Climate change – this is the change in a region’s
climate or global climate
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Why is climate change happening?
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Svante August Arrhenius (1859 – 1927)
“…we may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards the colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind.”
Published a study the warming effect of carbon dioxide: “the greenhouse effect”
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The Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse gases(GHGs)naturally occurin Earth’s atmosphere
• Without GHGs the average global temperature would bearound 30ºC lowerthan it is today.
• Human activityincreasingconcentration of GHGs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMc
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Natural Carbon cycle –low human impact
SOURCES SINKS
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Altered Carbon balance
SINKS
SOURCES
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Causes of climate change
• Increase in greenhouse gas emissions – this causes the natural blanket around the atmosphere to thicken trapping in more heat.
• Greenhouse gases = Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
• Also Water Vapour and Ozone (O3) (natural GHGs)
Fact: Since start of industrial era levels of main greenhouse gases
increased (CO2 – 40%; CH4 –
150% and N2O – 20%)
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Carbon emissions
Source: CarbonMap.org © Duncan Clark and Robin Houston, 2012
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Carbon emissions
https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-map-historical-emissions-around-the-world
https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-map-historical-emissions-around-the-world
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Development vs. Climate Change
• “The right to development is an
inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic,social, cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized.” (Article 1.1,
Declaration on the Right to Development)
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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Tea and coffee break
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The Science Bit
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Evidence – The Keeling Curve
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_Carbon_Dioxide.png#file
“observed rate of increase is nearly that to be expected from the combustion of fossil fuel”
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Ice Cores
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core
source: http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=609
• Ice cores contain information about temperature and gases
• Antarctica – ice cores can stretch back 800,000 years
Darker layers winter
Arrowed layers summer
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Evidence from graphs
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Cont..
This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2has increased since the Industrial Revolution. (Credit: Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record.). Taken from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
Start of industrial revolution
Activity
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Earthbook
http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/earth_temperature_timeline.png
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IPCC
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IPCC
• Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983–2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years.
• Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5 C relative to 1850 to 1900.
• It is likely to exceed 2°C for high emissions scenarios
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Global average temperatures
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/monitoring/climate/surface-temperature
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Global average temperatures
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Evidence from Tree Rings(Dendrochronology)
• Tree growth rings are added each year the tree is growing.
• These rings are recording the growing season and the thicker the ring, the better the growing season.
Tree grows from inside out
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Melting ice sheets
Source: http://www.skepticalscience.com/Global-Warming-in-a-Nutshell.html
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Melting ice sheets
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Glacial Retreat
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux#Qori-Kalis-930px-80-v2.jpg
Qori Kalis glacier, Peru
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Sea level rise
• Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps
• Thermal expansion
• Sea levels rising at a rate of 1.7 mm per year
• Thousands of coastal cities and whole islands at risk.
Fact: Average global sea level rose 0.19m over a
period between 1901-2010
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Nature
Polar Bears in Hudson Bay, Canada1,200 polar bearsHunt on the ice during SpringPut on 50-75% of their body fat in these monthsBut:Ice in Hudson Bay melts 3 weeks earlier nowLess chance for the bears to feedCome on to shore 10kg lighter
Not just Polar Bears at risk, the IUCN have identified many species that are affected by climate change
The report can be found at http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species_and_climate_change.pdf
Source: www.hngn.com
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Nature
Puffins in the UK
Warmer temperatures in the seas around the UK mean that sand eels, the main food of puffins, are moving north.
Storms and coastal erosion also have an impact on puffin populations and they are now on the IUCN ‘red list’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fratercula_arctica_-Skomer_Island,_Wales_-flying_with_fish_in_beak-8.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_eel#/media/File:Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Back_from_a_fishing_trip.jpg
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The Impacts of climate change – how is our weather going to change and how is it changing already?
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Recent Trends
• Average temp. increase of 0.5°C (since 1914
• Temp. increase in all seasons in all parts of Scotland (since 1961)
• Heavy rainfall events increased – in particular Northern and Western parts
• 25% reduction in number of frost days (since 1961)
• Growing season starts 3 weeks earlier (compared to 1961)
http://www.sniffer.org.uk/files/9313/4183/7426/Climate_Trends_Handbook_for_web.pdf
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Future?
2050s
2080s?
What difference do a few degrees make?
South-East England
2.7°Cwarmer in summerthan the Forth Basin(in baseline 1961-1990)
So our summer temperatures may be more similar to those in southern England by the 2050s...
... and unlike anything currently experienced in the UK by the 2080s
Source: Adapation Scotland, Sniffer
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Changing weather -heatwaves
• Summer 2003 record breaking heatwave in Europe.
• Many European countries experienced their highest temperature on record.
• According to Met Office this period of extreme heat is thought to be warmest for up to 500 years
Source: www.paulotavares.net
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Changing weather -flooding
Source: www.geogonline.org.uk
• The UK has experienced heavy floods in the last decade
• The rainfall in June and July 2007 was 20% higher than ever seen before in records that stretch back to 1879
• The IPCC have warned that climate change will increase the risk of both floods and droughts
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Extreme Weather
• Do you have a story to tell?• Home • Food• Travel • Communications• Friends, family and community – here and
abroad?
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Impacts
• Flooding and extreme rainfall events – damage property/people
• Heatwaves and extreme temperature• Drought and water shortages• Crop failures – food security, food prices• Reduced frost and snow, Disease, pests, health and
wellbeing• Disruption to services - transport , energy,
IT/communications• Ecosystems disrupted, threat to habitats and species• Glacial retreat – floods and eventual droughts• Sea level rise and storm surges – coastal impacts• Migration – climate migrants (mainly internal) and conflict
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Solutions
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What Can We Do?
• Mitigation – efforts to cut or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases
• Adaptation – lower the risks associated with impacts of climate change
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What Can We Do?What is COP21?
COP21 = 21st Conference of the Parties
UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Photo Credit: "Paris vue d'ensemble tour Eiffel" by Taxiarchos228, cropped and modified by Poke2001 - Paris-pano-wladyslaw.jpg. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg#/media/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg
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What Can We Do?Mitigation - Aim
•To keep average global temperature rise well below 2°c, and to pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5°c
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Mitigation
Source: aceee.orgSource: www.methodllp.com Source: http://www.firstgreen.co/green-building-certifications/
Source: www.amherstma.gov Source:www.greenpeace.org
http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/wrap-and-circular-economy
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Mitigation in Scotland
• More than half (56.7%) of the electricity generated in Scotland comes from renewables – target is 100% by 2020
• 3% of Scotland’s warmth, in 2012, came from biomass, solar
thermal panels, energy from waste and heat pumps – target is 11% by 2020
• With regards to waste, figures from SEPA show: • Across all sectors in Scotland waste sent to landfill has dropped
from over 7 million tonnes in 2013 to just over 4 million tonnes in 2013.
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Mitigation in Scotland
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Adaptation - Aim
•To increase ability to adapt to climate change impacts and foster climate resilience and low emissions development
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Adaptation
• Examples of adaptation are flood risk management, biodiversity action planning and urban greening.
• There are many good examples of adaption around the world, for more information see Practical Action http://practicalaction.org/climatechange_adaptation
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Adaptation in Scotland
• Scottish Climate Change Adaptation programme sets out what government, businesses, and society are doing to become more climate ready.
• The Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 - makes legal arrangements about climate change mitigation and adaption.
• Adaptation Scotland - provides advice and support to help ensure that Scotland is prepared for, and resilient to, the impacts of climate change.
• Great video on Adaptation Scotland highlighting the responses of different organisations, businesses and communities to climate change.
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Case study – Colmonellprimary School
Source: http://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/12/175/0/Colmonell-primary-school.aspx
• Low Carbon, climate resilient building
• Natural ventilation
• Air source heat pumps
• Low energy lighting
• Grass roof
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Lunch!
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Myth Busters – dealing with myths, denials and excuses
www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/
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Communicating the Climate Case
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Group exercise
• You have been given 9 cards with evidence for climate change on them
• Your task is to categorise them into most important to least important causes, like this
Most useful
Least useful
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Knowledge-Action Gap
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George Marshall
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What’s Important?
• Messenger? – Who is telling me this is a problem? Are they like me? Are they convinced?
• What’s the story? – Does is fit into my world-view? Does it talk to my values? Does it challenge my identity?
• Is it relevant? – What’s this got to do with my life, where I live and the things I think are important?
• How can I help? – What can I do? How will that be a positive thing?
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Values
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Common Cause
Intrinsic – values that are inherently rewarding to pursue e.g. – affiliation to friends & family, connection with nature, concern for other, self-acceptance, social justice, creativity.
Extrinsic – values that are centred on external approval or rewardse.g. - wealth, material success, concern about image, social status, prestige, social power, authority
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Resources
http://www.climatevisuals.org/galleries/new-stories/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/coin-keynote-speech-at-the-un/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/podcast-young-voices/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/election-guide-video/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/video-floods-and-climate-change/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/webinar-the-uncertainty-handbook-2/
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Scotland 2030
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Show the Love
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Scottish Government
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Tea and Coffee
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Climate Stories
What’s the problem? How did you come to know about it and why are you convinced?
Why do you think its an important issue for your audience (people and place)?
What’s it going to be like to tackle the problem? What will life be like in a low carbon world?
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Round-Up and Tomorrow
• What is climate change• Why is climate change happening • Evidence for link between carbon and climate
change• Observed impacts• Impact on weather/UK climate• What can we do• Myth busters• Communicating climate change
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And Finally……