clil digestive system - artigianelli
TRANSCRIPT
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The Digestive System
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The Digestive System
provides nutrients for body survivalFUNCTION
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provides nutrients for body survival
Digestion breaking down of food into simpler particles
(nutrients).
via
Absorption intake of nutrients
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Nutrients
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Nutrients
• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
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Nutrients
• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
• Lipids —> made of fatty acids
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Nutrients
• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
• Lipids —> made of fatty acids
• Proteins —> made of amino acids
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Nutrients
• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
• Lipids —> made of fatty acids
• Proteins —> made of amino acids
• Vitamins
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Nutrients
• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
• Lipids —> made of fatty acids
• Proteins —> made of amino acids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
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Nutrients• Carbohydrates —> made of monosaccharides
• Lipids —> made of fatty acids
• Proteins —> made of amino acids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
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Structure of the digestive system
long tube running from your mouth to your bottom
(anus).
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MouthKEYWORDS:
- First tract - Chew (teeth) , wet (saliva)
Saliva contains two important enzymes:
- ptyalin that begins the breaking down of carbohydrates.
- lysozyme which has a defensive function of killing harmful bacteria.
The chewed and insalivated food is called food bolus.
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Tongue
KEYWORDS:
- Voluntary muscle - Helps - Chemoceptors —> chemical receptors
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Tongue
No tongue map exists! It’s a wrong translation coming from an article written in 1901 by Dr. Hänig
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Pharynx
KEYWORDS: - Second tract - Epiglottis, fold - Respiratory tract - Involuntary
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EsophagusKEYWORDS:
- Connects pharynx to stomach - Peristalsis, “toothpaste”
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- Bolus—> chyme - Mucus vs. auto digestion
thickenings
StomachKEYWORDS:
- Bag - Gastric juice —> protein digestion (hydrochloric acid HCl + pepsinogen/pepsin) - Cleavage
proteolisis = activation
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KEYWORDS: - 7.5 - 8.0 m long - Digestion and absorption
gut-intestine-bowel
SMALL INTESTINE: - 6.5 m long
- duodenum - jejunum - ileum
LARGE INTESTINE: - 1.5 m long
- cecum - colon - rectum
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Duodenum
Mild activity
enzymes
STRONG activity
enzymes
Inside the duodenum chyme is definitely decomposed by enzymes: - amylases for carbohydrates, - proteases for proteins, and - lipases for lipids.
produced in the pancreas as inactive
(proenzymes)
become active here thanks to
proteolisis
accumulates bile (gall) that facilitates lipid digestion
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Absorption
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• once the chyme passes through duodenum it becomes the chyle.
• nutrients in the chyle are absorbed in the small intestine.
Absorption
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AbsorptionKEYWORDS:
- villi = projections of the tube - increase in size to 250-300 m2
- blood vessels
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Large intestine• absorbs water from what remains of chyle.
• forms the feces.
• recently its role has been revised. We now think that it represents a microenvironment essential for mutualistic microorganism proliferation.
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Microbiota• community of microorganisms in the large
bowel.
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Rectum• Rectum is the last part of the large intestine
and stores feces before they are expelled.
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