clientserver internet
TRANSCRIPT
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CLIENT SERVER NETWORKS &
INTERNET
By Mrs. Kanchan Patil
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1. Types of Networks
2. Features of Client-Server Networks
3. Introduction to Internet
4. Network
5. What is Internet ?6. Components to get connected on Internet
7. What we can do on internet
8. Internet Naming Conventions and Services
9. Browser
10.Advantages of Internet
11.Disadvantages of internet
12.Security
Table of contents :-
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Peer To Peer NetworksAdvantages Disadvantages
Allow Simple File And PrintSharing
Very Little Security - EachComputer On The Network
Controls It's Own Security
Low Cost - No Need For
Separate Server-ClientSoftware, Or Additional Server
Computers
Heavier Load On Computers -
Resource Sharing Causes
Higher Processor Usage, And
Therefore Slows Down
Computers
Easy Set-up - No Need For A
Network Administrator
No Central Data Storage -
Only Work For Small Networks
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Sever/Client NetworksAdvantages Disadvantages
Very Strong Security Which Is also
less Intrusive than Peer To PeerSecurity
Expensive Dedicated hardware
Central File Storage - Everybody
Works From The Same Data, And
Backups Are Much Easier
Expensive Dedicated Server And
Client Software Licenses
Ability to share equipment such as
Printers, Modems, and Plotters
Dedicated Network Administratorusually required
Faster data sharing and resource
sharing
Easy management of large numbers
of users
Central Organization, which keeps
data from getting lost among
Computers
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Client Server Network
Division of labour client program handles user interface and light
processing chores
server program handles heavy work, like database
retrieval, and accessing centralised resources
Client Machine Server
Client ProgramServer
Program
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6Computer 1
Computer 3Computer 4
Computer 2
Server
Network :-
Printer
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INTERNET
Network of Networks.
Wan Connects thousand of networks containing computers and software all
around the world.
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INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET :-
Time taken to distribute information is reduced to seconds
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INTERNET :-
Internet is a global network of different types of
computers and computer networks all over the world,
allowing one to access information over the network and
enabling information exchange.
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Development of internet
Arpanet : Advanced research project agency network
Developed by U.S department of defense to connect allcomputers from research institutes to spread the
defense research.
It provides data transfer even if part of network is
destroyed or malfunctioning.
Tcp/ip : Transmission control protocol internet protocol
Defined the rules for communication between computers
on network.
Html : Hypertext markup language developed to store and
access information seamlessly across the world
independent of O.S and hardware. Information stored in the
form of html web pages on web servers.
Browsers : Software developed to interpret these html
pages.
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To get on the Internet:-
1) Computer
2) Modem
3) Software
1) Operating System
2) Browser.
4) Internet Service Provider
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Internet Service
Provider
Main Server
Modem
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Internet Service
Provider
Main Server
Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer 3 Computer 4 Computer 5
Proxy
server
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Internet Service
Provider
Main Server
Server
Laptop
Wireless
Connection
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What can we do on the Internet:-
1) Communication
2) Document/File transfer
3) Browsing
4)E-Commerce
5) Reading and posting to topic specific bulletin boards
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For most Internet users, the four-octet addressrepresentation, called a dotted decimal, is toocumbersome. Therefore, most users substitute anaming convention called a uniform resource
locator (URL). A URL uses names andabbreviations given to unique piece ofinformation on internet.
Eg. http://www.microsoft.com
Domain names are a hierarchical word-orientedrepresentation of an Internet address.
Internet Naming Conventions
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Root Level Domain Names
Commercial enterprise
education, for example, a university
U.S. government
U.S. military
network service
nonprofit organization
Austria
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
SpainFinland
France
Italy
Japan
United States
Com
edu
gov
mil
net
org
at
au
be
ca
de
esfi
fr
it
jp
us
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Domain Name Hierarchy
AF AU CA CN DE FR JP...US...ZW
COM EDU GOV MIL NET ORG
Countries
Most General
Organizational
ABC Acme BGH.XYZ
grumpy doc sneezy bashful
Companies
Hosts
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Some URL Protocols
hypertext transfer protocol
file transfer protocol
Access a newsgroup or new
article.
Use the Gopher text-oriented
access.
http
ftp
news
Gopher
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Services:-
Email :
allows to send digital messages to anyone with an email
account. Sending email consists of
accessing the Internet,
logging into your email account,
entering the email address of the person
Email can also be sent automatically to a large number
of addresses.
FTP :
A very common method of moving files between two
computers on Internet .Can transfer files between
different O.S .Files stored on Ftp servers
T l t
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Telnet :
Telnet is a protocol for remote computing on the Internet.
Usenet News :
Usenet News, is a large collection of discussion
groups, covering a wide range of topics. These electronic
newsgroups are available internationally.
allows people with common interest to share ideas
Gopher :
text information retrieval system available prior to
web.Does not support multimedia or graphical display.
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Internet relay chat :
IRC allows pair or group of users to
exchange messages in real time .Communication is done by typing
messages.Special software are downloaded
from intrenet.
Internet Phone :Send and receive voice calls across internet
in real time.Users can talk long distance at low
expenses.
Video conferencing :
Creates virtual meetings where all people can
hear & view each other.Video images are
transmitted along with voice at high speed.
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World Wide Web
popular & widespread information
service.Comprises of vast collection of html
pages stored on http servers.
WWW
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Browser:-
A client software program used for
searching and viewing various kinds of
Internet resources such as information
on a web site.
In other words, a program that allows auser to find, view, hear, and interact
with material on the World Wide Web.
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Available Browser:-
1.Netscape Navigator
2.Internet Explorer
3.Opera
4.Mozilla
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Advantages : -
1. Government
2. Student
3. Citizen
4. Employer
5. Non IT Companies
6. IT Companies
7. ITES
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Disadvantages : -
1.Faith
2.Piracy
3.Virus4.Unauthorised Access
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Security : -
1.Authentication
2.Firewall
3.Encryption
4.Digital Certification
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Conclusion : -
Internet is
Networks of computer networks.
Information Highway.
connecting whole world
on 24x7 basis.
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E commerce
Electronic Commerce is the
business environment in which
information for buying, sellingand transportation of goods
and services moveselectronically.
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Benefits of Electronic Commerce
Improved productivity:Time required to create ,transfer and
process a business transaction between
trading partners is reduced.Cost Saving :
Efficient communication ,quicker
turnaround time and closer access to
markets
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Streamlined Business Processes :
Businesses use internet to share
information such as promotional plans,point-of-sale data, and sales forecasts.
Better Customer Service :
Customers can enjoy the convenience
of shopping at any hour, anywhere in the
world.
Opportunities for New Businesses
Business over Internet have a global
customer reach.
Four main areas where
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Four main areas where
companies conduct business
online
Direct marketing and selling.
Online banking and billing.Secure distribution of information.
Value chain trading and corporatepurchasing.
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Eg. Of E-commerce
Airline reservation system.
Stock trading
Order processing Insurance
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Types of Internet access
1) Dialup access
2) Broadband access
Narrowband Internet
http://www.nccw.net/isp-resources/broadband-internet-access/http://www.nccw.net/isp-resources/broadband-internet-access/ -
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Narrowband InternetConnections
Dial-Up Internet: Connection rates 2,400 bps &56,000 bps, which is incredibly slow Dial-upmodems are attached internally or externally toa given computer, and then connected using astandard telephone cable.
ISDN: ISDN (Integrated Services DigitalNetwork) Internet connections are a type ofdigital telephone connection. Basic RateInterface (BRI) ISDN connections transmit data
right around the broadband cutoff at 100 Kbps.Although a better Internet connection optionthan dial-up, ISDN connections are still more orless outdated.
Typical ISDN speeds range from 64 Kbps to 128
Kbps.
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Dialup access
slow connection speed compared to
broadband .
many disconnects or "drops".
dialup is not much cheaper than
comparable broadband access
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Broadband can be classified
1)Cable internet access - very fast accessoffered through your cable televisioncompany2)DSL - Digital Subscriber Line access -
offered through your local telephonecompany3)Fiber Optic access - if available - offeredthrough your telephone company4)Satellite internet access - used primarily in
rural areas where cheaper alternatives arenot available5)Wireless internet access - offered througha PDA or cell phone, a rapidly growing areaof internet service
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Cable
Through the use of a cable modem you canhave a broadband Internet connection that isdesigned to operate over cable TV lines. CableInternet works by using TV channel space for
data transmission, with certain channels used fordownstream transmission, and other channelsfor upstream transmission. Because the coaxialcable used by cable TV provides much greater
bandwidth than telephone lines, a cable modemcan be used to achieve extremely fast access.
Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cable_modem.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/coaxial_cable.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/coaxial_cable.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/coaxial_cable.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/coaxial_cable.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cable_modem.html -
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Satellite
Internet over Satellite (IoS) allows a user toaccess the Internet via a satellite that orbits theearth. A satellite is placed at a static point abovethe earth's surface, in a fixed position. Because
of the enormous distances signals must travelfrom the earth up to the satellite and back again,IoS is slightly slower than high-speed terrestrialconnections over copper or fiber optic cables.
Typical Internet over Satellite connection speeds(standard IP services) average around 492 up to512 Kbps.
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Wireless Internet Connections
WiFi is also commonly known as wireless
networking or an 802.11 network
WiFi is short for wireless fidelity
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Wi-Fi
Wireless f idelityand is meant to be used
generically when referring of any type of802.11
network
Wi-Fi product use radio frequency 2.4GHz for802.11b or 11g, 5GHz for 802.11a
Formerly, the term "Wi-Fi" was used only in
place of the 2.4GHz 802.11b standard, in the
same way that "Ethernet" is used in place ofIEEE 802.3.
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How Wi fi works
One wireless router can allow multiple devices toconnect to the Internet.
A wireless network uses radio waves, just like cellphones, televisions and radios do.
A computer's wireless adapter translates data into aradio signal and transmits it using an antenna.
A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. Itsends the information to the Internet using a physical,wired Ethernet connection.
The higher frequency allows the signal to carry more
data.
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Wireless adapters can plug into a computer's PCcard slot or USB port.
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Linksys WAP54G 802.11b/g Wireless Access
Point
Cisco Aironet 1242AG (AIR-AP1242AG-
A-K9) (AIRAP1242AGAK9) 802.11a/b/g
Wireless Access Point
B ildi Wi l N t k
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Building a Wireless Network
Most new laptops and many new desktopcomputers come with built-in wirelesstransmitters. If your laptop doesn't, you
can buy a wireless adapterthat plugs intothe PC card slot orUSB port. Desktopcomputers can use USB adapters, or youcan buy an adapter that plugs into the PCI
slot inside the computer's case. Many ofthese adapters can use more than one802.11 standard.
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When you turn your computer on in a
WiFi hotspot, the computer will inform
you that the network exists and askwhether you want to connect to it .
A i l t t t d i l
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A wireless router uses an antenna to send signals
to wireless devices and a wire to send signals to the
internet.
A wireless router allows you to use wireless signals
or Ethernet cables to connect your computers to
one another, to a printerand to the Internet. Most
routers provide coverage for about 100 feet (30.5
meters) in all directions, although walls and doors
can block the signal. If your home is very large, youcan buy inexpensive range extenders or repeaters
to increase your router's range.
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How to "Go Wireless"-
In order to set up a computer with a wirelessInternet connection, you need to buy a networkcard (802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g) and install itin your existing desktop or laptop computer
find a hotspot is the access point for wirelessnetworks, which connects the computer to theInternet
Each hotspot can handle from 10 to 100 networkcards at once, depending on the quality of theaccess point.
you can find hotspots in many restaurants,cafs, hotels, airports and libraries
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How Does Wireless Work
An access point (AP) with an antenna is physically connected to
a conventional wired Ethernet network and serves as a bridgeto the wireless network .
In order to indicate its presence to wireless clients in its listening
area, an AP announces itself broadcasting a Service Set
Identifier (SSID) approximately 10 times per second .
The SSID identifies the name of the network. PCs that are
within range and equipped with a wireless network interface
card can receive the SSID, associate with the WLAN and
request an IP address that will allow them to connect to the
local network, surf the Internet, and view network folders.
To keep your network private, you
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p y p , y
can use one of the following
methods:
Wired Equivalency Privacy
(WEP) uses 64-bit or 128-bit encryption.
128-bit encryption is the more secureoption. Anyone who wants to use a WEP-
enabled network has to know the WEP
key, which is usually a numericalpassword
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WiFi Protected Access
(WPA) is a step up from WEP and isnow part of the 802.11i wireless
network security protocol.
As with WEP, WPA security involves
signing on with a password. Mostpublic hotspots are either open or use
WPA or 128-bit WEP technology.
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Media Access Control
(MAC) address filtering is a little different
from WEP or WPA. It doesn't use a password
to authenticate users - it uses a computer's
physical hardware. Each computer has its
own unique MAC address. MAC address
filtering allows only machines with specificMAC addresses to access the network. You
must specify which addresses are allowed
when you set up your router. This method is
very secure, but if you buy a new computer orif visitors to your home want to use your
network, you'll need to add the new
machines' MAC addresses to the list of
approved addresses.
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DSL
What they have in common is that
they are all high-speed connections
and they provide the customer with
always online service.
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A high-speed connection transmitting /
receiving data at a rate of 256 Kbits/s or more
is considered to be a broadband Internetconnection (although most cable and DSL
broadband connections tend to average 512
Kbits/s).
Broadband Internet access allows for a
continuous connection to the Internet without
the hassle of having to log on or sign on to a
carrier. Simply start up your computer andopen the browser to begin surfing the Web
faster than ever before
Important Things to Remember
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po ta t gs to e e beAbout DSL Services
1. DSL Broadband is an Internet connection
that shares the same cable as your
telephone. It still provides you withalways on Internet access without having
to dial-up.
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2. One of the main perks of DSL is that, sinceeach subscriber has high-speed Internet through
their own phone line, they are not sharing
bandwidth with anyone else and therefore, thequality of their Internet connection is not
compromised during peak usage times (5 p.m.
11 p.m.).
3 DSL is distance sensitive, meaning that thefarther away from the central office you are, the
less desirable your connection will be.
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Video on Demand
The best part about Fiber Optics is the
introduction of Video on Demand, which
will allow subscribers to download and
save popular video. Fiber Opticconnections also excel in the area of high-
definition television, so your HDTV will
have plenty of channels to choose from.
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VSAT
Short form verysmallaperture terminal, an
earthbound station used in satellite
communications of data, voice and video
signals. VSAT consists of two parts, a transceiverthat is
placed outdoors in direct line of sight to the
satellite and a device that is placed indoors to
interface the transceiver with the end user'scommunications device, such as a PC
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Typical applications for interactive VSAT networks are:
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Typical applications for interactive VSAT networks are:
computer communications;reservation systems;
database enquiries;
billing systems;
file transfers;
electronic mail;
video conferencing;
point of sale transactions;
credit checks and credit card verification;
stock control and management.
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Bluetooth Operation
Bluetooth networking transmits data
via low-power radio waves. It
communicates on a frequency of 2.45gigahertz (actually between 2.402 GHz
and 2.480 GHz, to be exact). This
frequency band has been set aside by
international agreement for the use of
industrial, scientific and medical
devices (ISM).
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Bluetooth device to about 10 meters (32 feet), cutting
the chances of interference between your computer
system and your portable telephone or television. Evenwith the low power, Bluetooth doesn't require line of
sight between communicating devices.
Bluetooth can connect up to eight devices
simultaneouslyBluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum
frequency hopping that makes it rare for more than one
device to be transmitting on the same frequency at the
same time. In this technique, a device will use 79individual, randomly chosen frequencies within a
designated range, changing from one to another on a
regular basis.
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IntroductionInt egrated Services Digital Netwo rk (ISDN)is comprised of
digital telephony and data-transport services offered byregional telephone carriers. ISDN involves the digitization
of the telephone network, which permits voice, data, text,
graphics, music, video, and other source material to be
transmitted over existing telephone wires. The emergenceof ISDN represents an effort to standardize subscriber
services, user/network interfaces, and network and
internetwork capabilities. ISDN applications include high-
speed image applications additional telephone lines in
homes to serve the telecommuting industry, high-speedfile transfer, and videoconferencing. Voice service is also
an application for ISDN.
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There are two types of ISDN:
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) -- consists
of two 64-Kbps B-channels and one
D-channel for transmitting control
information.
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) --
consists of 23 B-channels and oneD-channel (U.S.) or 30 B-channels
and one D-channel (Europe).
http://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/BRI.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/B_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/D_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/PRI.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/PRI.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/D_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/D_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/D_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/B_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/B_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/B_channel.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/I/BRI.html -
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ISDN BRI Service
The ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) service
offers two B channels and one D channel(2B+D). BRI B-channel service operates at 64
kbps and is meant to carry user data; BRI D-
channel service operates at 16 kbps and is
meant to carry control and signalinginformation, although it can support user data
transmission under certain circumstances.
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ISDN PRI Service
ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) service
offers 23 B channels and 1 D channel in
North America and Japan, yielding a total bit
rate of 1.544 Mbps (the PRI D channel runs
at 64 kbps). ISDN PRI in Europe, Australia,and other parts of the world provides 30 B
channels plus one 64-kbps D channel and a
total interface rate of 2.048 Mbps.
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ISDN BRI Service
The ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) service offers two B
channels and one D channel (2B+D). BRI B-channel service
operates at 64 kbps and is meant to carry user data; BRI D-
channel service operates at 16 kbps and is meant to carry control
and signaling information, although it can support user data
transmission under certain circumstances. The D channel
signaling protocol comprises Layers 1 through 3 of the OSI
reference model. BRI also provides for framing control and otheroverhead, bringing its total bit rate to 192 kbps.
ISDN PRI Service
ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) service offers 23 B channels
and 1 D channel in North America and Japan, yielding a total bitrate of 1.544 Mbps (the PRI D channel runs at 64 kbps). ISDN
PRI in Europe, Australia, and other parts of the world provides 30
B channels plus one 64-kbps D channel and a total interface rate
of 2.048 Mbps.