Proceeding of

Universiti Putra MalaysiaMarch 26th – 28th, 2010

Persatuan Pelajar

Aceh

(PPA)-UPM

Ikatan Masyarakat

Aceh Malaysia

(IMAM)

Pemerintahan Aceh

Jointly Organized by :

Center for International Affairs

(CIA)-UPM

http://www.adic2010.yolasite.com

Click Here

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PREFACE

The Aceh Development International Conference 2010 provides a good opportunity for sharing the information, knowledge and experiences amongst the scientist, practitioners, researchers and other professional in related fields in rebuilding Aceh issues. The conference also being an indicator to measure the progress of development activities in whole of Aceh and in all of affected sectors primarily public sectors which collapsed by the Tsunami. Hopefully, through this International conference, the beneficial outcomes will be attained for the sustainability development of Aceh province in the future. Last but not least, the editors team congratulate for all of participants, especially the authors who spent their time for joining this International event. Thank you. Editor Team Dandi Bachtiar Azhari Muhammad Syam Muhammad Sayuti Rahmat Fadhil

ii 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF ADIC2010     

Prof. Dr. Ir. T.M. Indra MahliaUniversiti Malaya (UM)

Malaysia 

Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sapuan Salit Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Malaysia 

Prof. Dr. HasanudinUniversitas Syiah Kuala (Unsyiah)

Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanudin Z. Abidin Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Indonesia  

Prof. Dr. Syahrizal AbbasInstitut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ar‐Raniry

Indonesia

Dr. Syafiie Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Malaysia  

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sabri Abd. MajidUniversiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA)

Malaysia 

Assoc. Prof. Puan Sri Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala Universiti Malaya (UM) Malaysia 

 

            

   

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LIST OF CONTENT

Preface i

Advisory Committee of ADIC2010 ii

Organizing Committee of ADIC2010 iii

Message from Chairman of ADIC2010, Organizing Committee iv

Message from President of Aceh Club Malaysia v

List of Content vi

Education

1 Lisa Agustina, Nor Aishah Buang, Muhammad Hussin and Mazren Tikusan 1

PERSEPSI PELAJAR TERHADAP PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SECARA PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ( PBL) DALAM KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN

2 Abdul Halim, Hasan, Muhibuddin, Burhanuddin Yasin, Lilia Halim, T. Subahan and Kamisah Osman 13

THE EXISTENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CULTURE AMONG MALAYSIAN AND ACEHENESE STUDENTS

3 Mujiburrahman 18

PENDIDIKAN BERASASKAN BUDAYA: KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BUDAYA SEKOLAH ACEH

4 Anzaruddin Ahmad 31

MENGEMBALIKAN STATUS ACEH SEBAGAI HUB PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI NUSANTARA : DARI PERSPEKTIF RAKYAT MALAYSIA

5 Heri Priyanto 40

ACEH EDUCATION SYSTEM: CAN SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCESS?

6 Widharto 48

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN ASSISTING THE CONSERVATION PROGRAMS FOR NAD

vii

Politics

7 Fachrul Razi 57

PEMBANGUNAN DAN INTEGRASI POLITIK DI ACEH PASCA MOU HELSINKI: PERSPEKTIF PARTAI ACEH (PA)

8 Erman Anom and Indrawadi Tamin 72 JURNALISME BEBAS DAN BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DAN DEMOKRATISASI DI ACEH

Laws and Qanun

9 Zulkifli Daud and Sanep Ahmad 81

IMPLIKASI PELAKSANAAN QANUN ACEH NO. 7/2004 TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MEMBAYAR ZAKAT PENDAPATAN MELALUI INSTITUSI FORMAL PUNGUTAN ZAKAT (BAITALMAL)

10 Ridwan Hasan 91

ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AGAINST TO AQIQAH BIRTH OF THE BABY: (PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRADITION AND THE ISLAMIC CULTURE IN THE TERRITORY OF NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM)

11 Abidin Nurdin 97

SUMBER LEGITIMASI DAN PERAN MPU DALAM PROSES LEGISLASI QANUN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH

12 Muslim Zainuddin 108

PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MEMUTUSKAN PERKARA KHALWAT PADA MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH

13 Asnawi Abdullah 122

HEALTH QANUN AND HEALTH SECTOR REFORM IN ACEH

14 Bastiar Muhammad Taib 130

PANDANGAN DOSEN STAIN MALIKUSSALEH LHOKSEUMAWE TERHADAP PENERAPAN QANUN JINAYAH: ANALISIS PRO-KONTRA TERHADAP PENERAPAN HUKUMAN RAJAM DI PROVINSI ACEH

15 Fauzi Saleh 142

PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: EKSISTENSI SYARI’AT DALAM ADAT MEUKUTA ALAM

16 Abdul Wahid 156 PERANAN LEMBAGA ADAT DALAM MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH

Economics

17 Shabri Abdul Majid 169 EMPOWERISASI PERBANKAN SYARI’AT DI “BUMOE SYARIAT “ NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

viii

18 Ghazali Syamni, Zulkifli and Andria Zulfa 175

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TSUNAMI PADA PERBANKAN DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

19 Dahrinal, Ghazali Syamni and Tarmizi Abbas 182

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DANA BERGULIR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PEREMPUAN: STUDI KASUS BALAI PEREMPUAN JAMBO TIMU KEC. BLANG MANGAT KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

20 Ghazali Syamni 188

SOSIAL KAPITAL DAN HUMAN CAPITAL SEBAGAI SALAH SATU FAKTOR PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI

21 Lodi H. Saputra, Ghazali Syamni and Muammar Khaddafi 194 ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH: KASUS KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

22 Yossi Diantimala and Syamsul Bahri 203

THE EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL CAPITAL, AND CUSTOMER CAPITAL ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN BANDA ACEH AND ACEH BESAR

23 M. Ridha 215

EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN KREDIT PEUMAKMU NANGGROE DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO DI LHOKSEUMAWE

24 Sofyan Syahnur 228

INCOME DISTRIBUTION ISSUE AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN ACEH PROVINCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BY USING A SAM APPROACH

25 Muhammad Arifai and Alfiandri 245

THE FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Strengthening of Local Culture

26 Ari Pahlawi bin Jauhari Ishak 257 THE COMPLEXES OF NORMS AND TRADITION IN ACEH

27 Lucky Zamzami 271 ANALYZE OF THEORY CONFLICT IN SEEING CULTURE AND ADAT DEVELOPMENT IN ACEHNESE

28 Fauzi Ali Amin and Sanusi M. Syarief 279 STRENGTHEN ADAT COMMUNITY FOR FOREST CONSERVATION

29 Adli Abdullah, Sulaiman Tripa and T. Muttaqin Mansur 288 TRADITIONAL WISDOM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCES IN ACEH

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Religion

30 Muhammad Yusran Hadi 299 PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH (KRITIKAN DAN TANGGAPAN)

31 Muntasir 309 DAYAH DAN ULAMA DALAM DINAMIKA SOSIO POLITIK MASYARAKAT ACEH

32 Mukhlisuddin Ilyas 318 PENDIDIKAN DAYAH MULAI HILANG IDENTITAS

33 Usammah 326 ULAMA DAN POLITIK: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN TGK. H. IBRAHIM BARDAN (ABU PANTON)

34 Muhammad Abdurrahman 344 AGAMA SEBAGAI PILAR PEMBANGUNAN ACEH KE DEPAN

35 Hasanuddin Yusuf Adan 349 SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: RUANG LINGKUP, PELANGGARAN DAN HUKUMAN

Psychology and Health

36 Fadilla Oktaviana 363

POSITIVE PARENTING, MEANS OF RECONSTRUCTS THE POSITIVE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL FOR CHILDREN OF TSUNAMI VICTIMS

37 Safrilsyah Syarief, Jasmadi and Barmawi 368

KOHESI KELOMPOK DAN PARTISIPASI PEMELIHARAAN FASILITAS UMUM DI HUNIAN SEMENTARA GAMPOENG TURKI-ISTAMBUL, ACEH BESAR

38 Ai Kustiani, Syahroni and Dyah Raysa Laksitoresmi 380

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION RECOVERY EFFORTS CHILDREN POST-TSUNAMI ACEH AQUAPHOBIA SUFFERER THROUGH TELEQUA

39 Siti Rahmah 386

PENGALAMAN ANAK TERHADAP TINDAK KEKERASAN DI WILAYAH KONFLIK: STUDI KASUS PADA PANTI ASUHAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

40 Ella Suzanna 396

PERMASALAHAN IBU MENYUSUI EKSKLUSIF (STUDI KASUS DI DESA MEUNASAH MESJID KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE)

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Public Service and Infrastructure

41 Naufal Bachri 409

IDENTIFIKASI DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DI PROPINSI ACEH (SUATU PENDEKATAN PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN)

42 Zulkarnain 418

AN ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE: RELATION TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOGRAPIC FACTORS ON PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEE

43 Naufal Bachri, Ahmad Azmi M. Ariffin and Azhar Haji Ahmad 428

IDENTIFYING THE DOMINANT FACTOR OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICE QUALITY OR THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AT MALIKUSSALEH UNIVERSITY

44 Muhammad Subhan and Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani 441

FORMULASI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PELABUHAN ACEH: SATU KONSEP

45 Rita Komalasari 458 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACEHNESE LIBRARY POST-TSUNAMI

46 Yossi Diantimala 466

SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR: AN ANALYSIS OF MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARD (SPM) APPLIED IN ACEH PROVINCE

47 Yunita Arafah, Sylvia Agustina and Irin Caisarina 475

REVITALIZATION OF HERITAGE AREAS IN DOWNTOWN BANDA ACEH AS INTERCONNECTED PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON LINKAGE SYSTEM

Good Government Management

48 Asrizal Luthfi 487

PELEMBAGAAN DAN INTERNALISASI COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT KE DALAM KEBIJAKAN DI PROPINSI ACEH

49 Hafas Furqani 493

ACEH DAN EKONOMI REGIONAL ASIA TENGGARA: SINERGI LHEE SAGOE ACEH DAN IMT-GT

50 Erman Anom 502 DEMOKRATISASI DAN SELF GOVERNMENT DI ACEH: Kebijakan yang berkeadilan tentang Gender?

51 Muhammad Subhan 513

ACEH DAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPELABUHANAN: PERBANDINGAN ASPEK SEJARAH DAN KONTEMPORARI

52 Iskandar Zulkarnaen, Tubagus E. Faturrahman and A. Humam Hamid 528

PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM REINTEGRASI PASCA KONFLIK DI ACEH: KEBIJAKAN SETENGAH HATI

xi

Agriculture, Fisheries and Natural Resources

53 Muhammad Yasar, Chamhuri Siwar and Shaharudin Idrus 545

KONVERSI LAHAN; SAWAH MENJADI PENGGUNAAN NON PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PROVINSI ACEH, INDONESIA

54 Fahrizal, Yusriana and Rahmat Fadhil 554

PENINGKATAN MUTU IKAN TERI ASIN KERING DI ACEH BESAR, NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

55 Muchlisin Z.A. and Siti Azizah M.N. 562 OVERVIEW: SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DARAT ACEH TERANCAM

56 Rizal Syahyadi, Zakaria Harun, Sumiani Yusoff and Edi Majuar 569 ON-FARM IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW AND SOME PLEMINARY RESULTS

57 Khoirun Nisa’ 577 THE CONCEPT OF SIMPLE AND HYGIENIC POULTRY LAUGHTERHOUSE FOR SERAMBI MEKAH

58 Abdullah, Djufri and Hasanuddin 584

SOLUSI EKOLOGIS PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA DI HUTAN PROVINSI ACEH DENGAN PENENTUAN KAWASAN PERLINDUNGAN GAJAH (ELEPHANT SUNCTUARY)

59 Rusli Yusuf and Abdullah 595

PENERAPAN STRATEGI ALTERNATIF PENANGGULANGAN SEMENTARA KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKOLOGI DAN PENDEKATAN KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI HUTAN GEUMPANG KAB. PIDIE PROVINSI ACEH

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

60 Nizamuddin, Hidehiro Ishizuka and Muzailin Affan 605

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATABASE: CASE STUDY SPATIAL DATA OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN ACEH

61 Wahyu Fuadi 615

STUDI PERENCANAAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA BERBASIS SMS (SHORT MESSAGING SERVICE) DI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

62 Didik Dwi Prasetya 624

3D SPACE RACE GAME AS A TOOL FOR RECOVERY CONCENTRATION TO CHILDREN NATURAL DISASTER VICTIMS IN ACEH USING JAVA

63 Syaad Patmanthara 630

PENGEMBANGAN E-LEARNING DENGAN PENGELOLAAN FASILITAS FORUM SEBAGAI MEDIA DISKUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT SISWA TERHADAP MATERI ILMU ALAM DI ACEH

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64 Muhammad Ashar Pakkawaru 636

RECOMENDATION TO THE CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE DESIGN OF HEALTH SERVICES USING SMART MEDICAL CARD IN HOSPITAL NAD

65 Dedi Rianto bin H. Rahadi 642

IMPLEMENTATION E-GOVERMENT FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICES IN PROVINCE NANGGRO ACEH DARUSALAM

66 Muhammad 649 PEMODELAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DAN SET KASAR PADA SET DATA PIMA INDIANS DIABETES

67 Taufiq 659

STUDI MANAJEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS DI ACEH BERBASIS SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA)

68 Herri Setiawan 668

ONE-STOP INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMTAP) ONE FORM GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

Energy

69 Syahrir Ridha 677 ACEH TOWARDS AN AUTONOMOUS IN ENERGY CAPABILITY (SWOT ANALYSIS)

70 Nelly Safitri 685

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECT AS A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCE IN ACEH AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER

71 Mustaqimah, Rini Ariani Basyamfar and Rahmat Fadhil 695

ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL ALAT PENYULING NILAM DENGAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKAR KAYU DI ACEH BARAT DAYA

72 Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd. Asri Wan Daud and Jaya Narayan Sahu 704

RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD ON OPTIMIZATION OF BIO-OIL PRODUCTION FROM PALM SHELL

73 Saifuddin 716

SIMULATION OF SOLAR CELL FOR INVESTIGATION EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURING ON GaAs SOLAR CELL BY USING SILVACO SOFTWARE

Food and Health

74 Zatil Afrah, Saidatul Husnah, Rachmawati Rusydi and Wahyuni Safitri 725

Ca(IO3)2 AND NaFeEDTA FORTIFIED SURIMI AS SOLUTION FOR PROTEIN, IODINE, AND Fe DEFICIENCY IN ACEHNESE HOUSEHOLDS

xiii

75 Faisal Abdurrahman, Babji A.S., Senafi S. and Othman O. 735 EFFECT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FRUITS EXTRACTS ON THE QUALITY OF BUFFALO MEAT

76 Dewi Yunita, Yusriana and Rahman Jaya 742

STUDY OF FERMENTATION AND NON FERMENTATION METHOD EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF COCOA BEANS AND THE INCOME LEVEL OF COCOA FARM IN ACEH

Engineering Science and Technology

77 Maizuar Mahyiddin 753 NEW ACEH RAILWAY ROUTE : PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

78 T.M. Ridwan, M. Fauzan, Maizuar M. and Suhaimi 759

STUDI PERBANDINGAN RESPON INELASTIK BANGUNAN SISTEM RANGKA BERPENGAKU KONSENTRIK TIPE D TERHADAP SISTEM RANGKA PEMIKUL MOMEN DI NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

79 Miftah Hazmi and Rico Sihotang 768

RANCANGAN RUMAH TAHAN GEMPA YANG EKONOMIS BAGI KORBAN PASCAGEMPA DI ACEH

80 Susilah 774

PENERAPAN MODEL KULANDAISWAMY UNTUK PERAMALAN DEBIT BANJIR PADA DAS CIKAPUNDUNG GANDOK BANDUNG INDONESIA

81 Syamsul Bahri and Hilmi bin Mahmud 785

POTENTIAL OF RICE HUSK ASH (RHA) IN IMPROVING DURABILITY AND PROVIDING LONGER SERVICE LIFE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN ACEH

82 Ashfa 794

REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN

83 Abdul Jalil 801

STUDY STABILIZATION OF MIXTURE OF PALM KERNEL SHELL DUST WITH CLAY BY USING DIRECT SHEAR TEST

84 M. Sayuti, M, Suraya, S, Sulaiman, S, B.T.H.T. Baharudin, and M.K.A. Arifin 811

PROCESSING AND CHARACTERISATION OF PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM -11.8 % SILICON MATRIX COMPOSITE

85 Syukriah, Norhamidi Muhamad and Mohd. Nizam Ab Rahman 818

DEVELOPMENT OF A REPLACEMENT MODEL AND APPLICATION OF PRODUCTION MACHINES IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

86 Rahmat Fadhil, Johari Endan, Farah Saleena Taip dan Muhammad Salih bin Hj Ja’afar 826

TEKNOLOGI SISTEM AKUAKULTUR RESIRKULASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI PERIKANAN DARAT DI ACEH: SUATU TINJAUAN

xiv

87 Azhari and Robiah Yunus 834

SYNTHESIS OF VEGETABLE ALKYL ESTERS BY USING ALKALINE CATALYST IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES AS EXCESS REACTANT

88 Mohd. Iqbal, Juniza Md Saad, Ho Wei Seong and Mohd Fairuz Bin Mohd Yusoff 842

THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELT DRIVING SURVEILLANCE MOBILE ROBOT

89 Dandi Bachtiar and S.M. Sapuan 847

THE OPPORTUNITY OF SUGAR PALM FIBRES IN THE REINFORCING FIELDS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES

Disaster Handling Management

90 Tiolina Evi and Lucia Tri Istiyowati 855 DISASTER RECOVERYPLANNING (DRP) PASCA TSUNAMI DI DAERAH ACEH

Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010

ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2

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REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN

Ashfa

Architecture Departement, Engineering Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Email: ashfaachmad@yahoo.com

Abstract

Spatial planning in principle aims to achieve harmony between the natural environment and

built environment. Although spatial plan existed, but it not easy to implement it in the field,

especially about land use. This paper provides a description of the irregularities in the

implementation of land use in terms of academic view. The study is begun from exploring the

literature, land use review in Kota Banda Aceh, and getting the guidences in an effort to

minimize the deviations occur. The results of the study shows that the irregularities in land

use can occur because of inaccurate data and information in the preparation of plans, the

wrong interpretation of the function of activity, ownership, lack of community participation,

and control aspects. To minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use

in the future needs to be reaffirmed about mixed-use and building intensity. Spatial plan

should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy in implementing in the

field. The land use plan must be disseminated to the public.

Key-words: land use, spatial plan.

Introduction

Land use is important to be evaluated and disciplined, in connection with the terms of use which has

been arranged in a spatial plan established by local governments. This need to be done considering

the need for land use in urban areas is relatively high and constantly growing accelerating, so the

possibility of irregularities in land use is also more open. Although these lands are also used to

improve the welfare, comfort, and convenience of society, such as building construction, both

residential and non residential, transportation routes and the addition of utility systems, as well as

development in other sectors.

Land use is one of the components set forth in spatial planning. According to Undang-Undang No.

26/2007 about Spatial Planning, spatial planning itself is a system of spatial planning process, the use

of space, and control the use of space. The aim is to achieve harmony between the natural

environment and artificial environment, realizing the integration in the use of natural resources and

man-made resources with respect to human resources, and to realize the protection function of

space and the prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Thus,

controlling the use of space or land to be critical for spatial planning objectives set, in order to

minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use and land use discipline

irregularities that have occurred.

Broadly speaking, the land, especially in urban areas, consisting of several functional groups, such as

land for housing, urban services, green open space, utilities, etc.. Generally, units of housing space is

often used as benchmarks for the provision of a service center environment, good for everyday

activities, sociocultural (associations, education, and health), and amenities, such as the provision of

land for offices, trade and services, green open space (parks, city forests, etc.), and culture. In

addition, (see e.g. [1]), also about technocratic, commercial, and humanist.

Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010

ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2

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Explanation of the above clearly shows that the control of land use is necessary, in an effort to

achieve integration in the use of natural resources and man-made resources to realize the protection

function, and prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Therefore, this

paper examined the use of land or irregularities in the academic context, which would be able to give

an input, in order to minimize or even prevent the occurrence of land use in the future.

The Importance of Land Use Regulation

Spatial plan regulation sets land use patterns. In it are included population density, structure, size,

designation, and the proportion of urban land use as a system in optimizing the limitations and

potential, to provide benefits to for human existence and the environment (see e.g. [8]). In

connection with this land, there are two major things that must be addressed in the physical planning

of the city, namely land use and transportation. Land itself is like a piece that consists of two sides of

the development and conservation (see e.g. [1]). Land use can show the general distribution,

location, and characteristics of the current land use and the future, and shape the city (see e.g. [5]).

In Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) No. 327/KPTS/M/2002, which has

been established by Ministery of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure mentioned that one of the

substances that need to be regulated in a spatial planning at the provincial and district/city is the use

of land. Meanwhile, other substances in the form of development policies, settlement system,

institutional, human resources, man-made resources, natural resources, and institutional.

In general there are two categories of land, cultivation land and conservation land. In an urban area,

cultivation land is more dominant than protected land. Cconservation land is very important

presence in order to optimize the environmental balance. The use of the land to be arranged in this

spatial plan analyzed in such a way that can identify the forms of control, use, modification,

expansion, and the suitability of land use, both for cultivation and protected areas, etc. Land use is

highly dependent on the careful identification of the physical characteristics of land and allotment.

The results of the analysis will indicate the type and intensity of land use, land area, land status,

changes in land use, and availability of land (see e.g. [8]).

The things mentioned above is a challenge for regional planners, is associated with a variety of

purposes. For example between economic growth with equitable distribution of development,

between the physical development with environmental sustainability, between the formal and

informal sectors, the balance of land and none woke up, etc. Needed plan is the plans that are

logical, functional, sustainable, flexible, and implementation, easy to implement in the field and not

burden the community.

There are some actual benefits expected from the regulation of land use, among others, to control

the aesthetic values of the built environment, producing a balance between built land and non-built

land, in relation to environmental sustainability and sustainable development. Next is to guarantee

the realization of the quality of the environment shapes up in accordance with the plan objectives

and ensure the residential requirements, both in terms of health, safety, and citizen tranquility. This

land use is a representation of the population activity, so the more commonly known as the spatial

distribution of activity.

A form of urban planning known is the designation of land (zoning). In this case the city was divided

into various areas of activities. Each region was part of a functional limitation device directs how land

use is functional and effective. For example an area reserved for housing, other areas to trade, green

open space, industrial, high density housing areas, or areas for special activities such as recreation

Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010

ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2

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centers and institutions. Furthermore also asserted, that the regular allotment of land and also

serves as a systematic way of controlling the aesthetic values of the environment (see e.g. [6]).

The zoning ordinance regulates 1) types of land uses allowed, 2) intensity or density of development,

3) Height, bulk, and placement of structures, 4) amount and design of parking, 5) a number of other

aspects of lan use and development activity. Zoning ordinances also contain standards common to all

districts and a set procedures for applying, administering, and enforcing its regulation. Finally, the

ordinance will contain a map or series of maps that show precise boundaries for varios zoning

districts (see e.g. [5]).

Spatial plan product which refers to regulation which appointed by government is more supple

(flexible), because it is based on the trend that happens, and every 5 (five) years are evaluated and in

case of deviation can be revised again. But no punishment againts violations of urban spatial plan

shows all the uncertainties of spatial plan which has been defined as the area rule (see e.g. [7]).

Currently, the allotment of land for one type of activity in a particular area is often less than optimal

run, because it relates directly to community activities continuously growing and need each other.

Patterns of mixed-use, with some types of land use in an area, may be more implementation, related

to the field conditions are often met with a pattern like that, so long as its composition is set to

guarantee the quality of the environment, particularly in urban areas. For instance commercial

mixtures (mixed-comercial), housing mix (mixed-residential), etc. Budihardjo (1997) has stated (see

e.g. [2]) that in the known spatial lag terms of physical (physical lag) and lag culture (cultural lag).

Physical delay occurs when the arrangement of the built environment fails to accommodate left or

social system which demands grow. While cultural lag occurs when the demands of the achievement

of spatial goals in the social system level, not in accordance with the objectives formulated at the

level of cultural systems.

Discussion

Kota Banda Aceh, which has an area of 6,136 ha is a medium city with various activities. There were

less academic researches that focused on land use. Research that focused on this issue have been

done by Efendi, et al, (2003) (see e.g. [4]) and prove that there had been irregularities in land use

Banda Aceh in 2001.

The results of this study indicate that the space utilization plan for offices and public buildings used

as commercial areas, the level for this deviation is very high at 53%. 90.00 ha of which is planned for

office buildings and public buildings, 48.01 ha is used for trade. Space utilization plan for the area of

higher education serve as a regional distribution of various things, this distortion level is very high

that is achieved 76.07%. Of the planned 150 hectares as the area of 114.11 ha of live education used

to spread a variety of purposes. Space utilization plan for green open space used for other activities,

this deviation reaches 0.16%. 1,227 ha of which is planned as a green open space, 2.00 ha is used for

other activities. Efendi, et, al, also asserted that the causes of deviations above were no permit, no

punishment, limited land, change of land use, and permits outside the procedure.

Sofyan, et al, 2009, stated that the determination of an area as a mixed area would trigger changes in

land use, particularly from residential areas into commercial areas /services. There are four things

that can be concluded the study: 1) in Banda Aceh RTRW 2007-2027 defined the area as a region

Lamprit mixture, thus the area development opportunities from residential areas into commercial

areas and services possible to happen, 2) the existence of various facilities owned Lamprit region,

area development opportunities of trade/business and very fast service occurs, 3) changes in the

area of the settlement into the region have an impact on the development of mixed shops/shop

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house, and shifting as a function of residential dwelling into a place of business (home business), and

4) the impact of changes in this region were positive and negative. It is positive if community take

beneficiaries of business opportunities, but the negative side is the congestion and noise disturbance

when the event was held in open spaces (see e.g. [4]).

Other deviations from general observations, in general, because of irregularities by the building

layout. Settlements serve as shops, which is functionally a place of trade and services. Among them is

Mohammad Hasan Street, Panglateh Street, Taman Makam Pahlawan Street, which changed from

residential to commercial area/services (shops), and at Panglima Nyak Makam Street, from the office

area into commercial area/services (shops).

Since late 2009, has been applied Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No. 4/2009 about Spatial and Regional

Plan (RTRW) of Kota Banda Aceh 2009-2029. This qanun replaces Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No.

3/2003. The qanun distributes protected areas 20.52% and cultivated area 79.48%. The largest land

use is for residential area, which is 40.85%. While the protected area consists of border rivers,

mangrove forests, green open space, and cultural reserve areas. Undang-Undang no. 26/2007

explains that the use of land for public green open space is at least 20% of the total area of the city.

Each license is issued, based on the qanun applicable, should be followed by monitoring and

evaluation, because if not controlled it had issued licenses can easily be ignored. Example for

settlements, with permission to build a house building. But when construction might be reserved for

commercial activities, where the existing house into a home store. This means, of which allocated

land for settlement activity, but used for commercial activities and services.

Limited land for building, particularly for trade and service activities in strategic areas, influences the

deviation of this land use. To pursue income, conservation area was sometimes used as an area come

up. This is because some people still think that the lack of green open space has economic value

compared to building buildings, especially in trade and services sectors, whereas long-term benefits

are important, namely maintaining ecological balance.

Land conversion is often done to the area of agricultural cultivation, such as rice fields. Many fields

changed function to become residential and commercial areas/ services. This land conversion would

affect the environment, in which the land that can absorb the water has to be reduced, so that is

feared will happen puddles or flooding when the rains came.

As the description above, that in urban areas there are several functional groups, such as residential

areas, office areas, commercial areas, green open space, etc. Even so, the allotment of land in micro

proved these areas sometimes do not stand alone as homogeneous. For example housing areas or

settlements. Settlement is always equipped with supporting facilities, such as the schools, health

centers, markets, and other public facilities, in accordance with the number of residents who formed

a group with a particular composition. Even in the land allotment maps sometimes it does not

appear.

Another point of concern is related to the magnitude and form of buildings, such as building

envelope, facade pattern of buildings, building equipment and decorations. In addition, building

coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and also the greean area ratio. How does being a building

located in the office, trade / services, education, or settlements. This is important because it

concerns environmental quality, visual quality, as well as functional quality of a building or area.

Diversion of land use should also include the above. Because in fact, many areas are earmarked for

specific activities, but always represented by a single building model, which is building shopping

malls, to the appearance and the city faces a single and uniform way. This building became a multi

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functional building, from the residence, office, trade, to learn. And each building must meet the

requirements of reliability, health, comfort, and convenience, according to the function of activity.

For example, the composition and character of space for commercial activity is different from for

education.

The availability of data and information are limited, influence the results of land-use planning. As we

know that the opinion of the zoning was the result of assessment data and information sistematically

throughtpotential land and water, social and economic conditions, visual quality, and environmental

quality, which can be determined land use pattern is most appropriate and meet the desires of the

community. That is, the availability of data and information is less complete and accurate is feared

will result in plans that are less implementation, so that the open space of deviations to the rule,

although it is not a distortion when a plan drawn up with data and information are complete and

accurate.

Another thing is related to land ownership. Sometimes often found that had been considered a

deviation occurs in land use. A land, which in the rules as conservation areas, green open space,

protected areas, but a wake area. This is what should really need to be studied before the plan

zoning opinion of finalized. Because the data associated with ownership or control of land. If the

placement plan of green open space located on the land area is publicly owned status, a rather

difficult realization, especially in strategic areas of high economic value. Communities tend to use the

land for a profitable activity, even if considered a deviation occurs in land use. According to Efendi, et

al (2003), basically the owners are willing to sell their land to local governments, but the lack of

funding local government cannot afford to buy land, so from the abandoned just like that, and then

used to build a more profitable building. For example, the green area is used for shops or residential.

Some of the above are a matter that should be reviewed carefully, because it is related to the success

of land allotment plan contained in RTRW a product or any other spatial planning, such as the Urban

Spatial Plan Detail (RDTRK) and the Urban Spatial Plan (RTRK). If the above examined in depth, it is

expected that the planned land use, which tied in qanun, is logical, environmental quality, visual

quality, functional, flexible, and easy to implement in the field.

Humans tend to want to take advantage of space, ranging from small scale to a large scale, in an

effort to maintain and meet the needs of life. However, if the desire is out of control, which deviate

from the rules have been formulated, and do not control the implementation of good use of space,

there will be a degradation of environmental quality, visual quality and functional quality, which

comes to comfort, safety, and welfare of the community.

To prevent the occurrence of the above, it is necessary control the use of space, including improving

product quality regulations on the use of valuable space to a logical and easy to implement in the

field, and improve the performance of its control, including the provision of planning advice from the

relevant office is provided with excellent service.

Licensing system is easy to understand, because it compares only with the rules which have a legal

basis, namely qanun or decision of the head region, but it is often difficult to implement due to

various constraints, including some aspects that have been outlined above. That is, if the application

for a license filed in accordance with the allocation of the use of space in spatial plan, then the

application for a license is granted, otherwise if it does not match, then the permit is rejected.

Licensing commonly used to control the space between the other (1) permits the location of the land

acquisition, (2) building permits, (3) permits the use of the building, (4) permits a place of business,

and (5) permits interference. For example, building permit application, if the building for commercial

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activities and services are placed at appropriate locations with the spatial plan applies, the applicant

may be granted permission.

Next is the provision of incentives and disincentives, which is the prize for the citizens who obey the

rules and space utilization to sanction the violation. Implementation of incentives and disincentives,

for example through taxation and access to infrastructure and facilities services. Such as providing

relief to the people who obey the rules, and taxation more expensive for violating the rules.

In Undang-Undang No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, Article 62 paragraph (2) point c provides that

the public role in spatial planning can be done through participation in controlling utilization. Article

55 paragraphs (5) of the Act the same, mentioning that the role of the community can be done by

submitting a report and/or complaints to the government or local government.

So it is clear that the community can participate and assist the government in controlling the use of

space or land. Thus the community is expected to participate from the beginning planning spatial

planning.

Conclusion

The major challenge in spatial planning is in terms of controlling land use. Diversion of land use in

general is due to weak control, monitoring, and evaluation. Therefore, controlling the spatial layout is

a very important part in spatial planning. Therefore, in qanun on spatial planning, control must be

accompanied by the use of space firm, consistent, and sustainable, so that spatial planning can be

realized effectively and efficiently.

In the opinion of zoning or land use regulation, should be emphasized again the mixed region (mixed-

use), especially on the proportion of each function activity, so the area can be more functional and

aesthetic. In addition, should also be emphasized about the general layout of the building, which is

concerned with the amount and form of buildings, such as building envelope, building facade

patterns, as well as building supplies and decorations. This needs to be done to minimize the use of

one type of building (shops) that are considered completely functional for almost all activities, both

in area offices, trade/services, education, or settlements.

Space utilization plan should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy to

implement in the field. If not, then worry about irregularities in land use difficult to avoid. Therefore,

since the beginning of the public and interested actors should be involved, even with monitoring. In

addition, basic data (data base) are complete and accurate also be updated regularly, so the plan was

not left with the situation on the ground, because the physical development of settlements which

lasted rapidly and uncontrolled.

This land-use plan must always be disseminated to the public, so that the appreciation of society and

government officials on the importance of land-use rules. So that the spatial layout of activities

deemed to be useful and needs of the various parties concerned.

Finally, granting permits from the relevant office by government officials must follow the rules or the

applicable qanun, which is not limited to permit only, but also includes monitoring and evaluation.

Monitoring conducted to see whether the building or the activities carried out in accordance with the

permission has been granted. Of this monitoring report will show the impact of land use or

irregularities. Further evaluate the cause of the irregularities in land use, to provide

recommendations. Form of recommendations made can be based on 2 (two) things: 1) the use of

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space that is incompatible with spatial planning qanun applicable or 2) the spatial plan should be

reviewed or revised.

References

1. Budihardjo, Eko, 1994, Percikan Masalah Arsitektur, Perumahan, Perkotaan, Gadjah Mada

University Press, Yogyakarta.

2. Budihardjo, Eko, 1997, Lingkungan Binaan dan Tata Ruang Kota, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.

3. Efendi, dkk, 2003 , Penyimpangan Pemanfaatan Ruang (Suatu Penelitian di Kota Banda Aceh),

Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah.

4. Sofyan, dkk, 2009, Fenomena Perubahan Fungsi Kawasan Perumahan Menjadi Kawasan Bisnis

Sebagai Akibat Pertumbuhan Kawasan, Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah.

5. Steiner, Frederick R, and Butler, Kent, 2007, Planning And Urban Design Standards, American

Planning Association, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.

6. Sujarto, Djoko, 1985, Beberapa Pengertian Tentang Perencanaan Fisik, Penerbit Bharata Karya

Aksara – Jakarta.

7. Sunardi, 2004, Reformasi Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kota, Workshop dan Temu Alumni Magister

Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah UGM, 9 – 11 September 2004.

8. Wiryomartono, Bagoes P, 2002, Urbanitas dan Seni Bina Perkotaan, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.

Ashfa

Banda Aceh, February 15, 1973.

Presentor graduated Master Degree Program (S2) in Architecture -

Urban Design from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology

Surabaya, Indonesia. He is an academic staff in Architecture

Departement, Syiah Kuala University.