RED ELECTRICA DE ESPAÑA’s RED ELECTRICA DE ESPAÑA’s role in the safe integration of new generation technologies

BILBAO, 4th October 2011

Spanish electric system. TSO functions:

� To ensure the security and continuity of power supply, keeping the instantaneous balance

between generation and demand.

� To design, develop and maintain transmission network.

Thermal generation

Residential consumption (low voltage)

TSO Functions

2

Hydro generation

Wind power

REE Control centre

generation

Transport network

Distribution network

Distribution substation

Transport substation

Industrial consumption (high voltage)

� Electricity is a non storable product

� Necessary instantaneous balance betwen generation and demand

Generation-Demand Balance

3

Exceso de demandaExceso de generación

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

The European 20/20/20 Objectives for 2020The 20/20/20 European Strategy is the key driver of the European change in the

Energy model. Spain supports strongly these European objectives and is

committed to reach them-

20 / 20 / 20 Strategy

4

� The development of renewable energy

sources and the reduction in consumption

imply a reduction in GHG emissions.

20% reduction

in primary

energy

consumption

20% of final

energy

coming from

renewables

20%

reduction in

GHG

emissions

Evolution of the Spanish system

60

80

100

120

140

GW

Evolution and forecast of installed power in the Spanish electric system

S.R. Solar CSP

S.R. Solar PV

S.R. Wind

S.R. Mini-hydro

S.R. Biom-SUW-SIW

S.R. Non Renew.

OCGT

Pure Pump St.

Conventional Hydro

5

m In order to meet the energy targets, the national objective plans to install almost 35.000 MW of wind power and 11.500 MW of solar power

m � integration of RES will require actions in order to maximize their integration in the system

0

20

40CCGT

Fuel-gas

Coal

Nuclear

Peak demand

Off-peak demand

Evolution of the Spanish system

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

GW

hEvolution and forecast of the energy production in the Spanish electric

systemS.R. Solar CSP

S.R. Solar PV

S.R. Wind

S.R. Mini-hydro

S.R. Biom-SUW-SIW

S.R. Non Renew.

OCGT

Pure Pump St.

Conventional Hydro

6

m 2010: 20.000 MW Wind and 4.000 MW Solar power. Support schemes will continue

m Low interconnection capacity with the European continental system

m EU 20-20-20 Objectives � in 2020 RES should produce ~40% of Spain’s electricity

m RES integration challenges will increase

0

50,000

100,000

150,000 Conventional Hydro

Fuel-gas

CCGT

Coal

Nuclear

Demand

Spanish inteconnection capacity

FR ���� ES =1,5%

UE 10%101520253035404550

Interconnection capacity compared to installed capacity

7

� Limited interconnection capacity with France, security link with the European Interconnected system. In practice almost an “electrical

island”.

PO ���� ES = 1,5%

Inst. Capacity. SPAIN = 100 GW

MA ���� ES = 0,6%

UE 10%

05

10

Wind generation tripping due to voltage dips.

8

� The voltage dip which would be generated by a three-phase dead fault in some 400 kV substations affects most of the system.

� From January 1st 2008 all new wind facilities must comply with PO 12.3. Of the parks that were on-line prior to this date 12 500 MW have been also certified.

� Still 1000 MW of installed wind turbines have no fault-ride-through capabilities for faults shorter than 100ms and voltages lower than 85% p.u.

8

Studies on wind behavior in the Spanish system

9

Curtailment of Renewable Energies[MW]

Available RESRemaining conventional technologies

that participate in the market

Conventional generators needed for

securilty reasons

The generation program must ensure:

�Feasibility of the power balance

�Operational reserves

�System stability after faults

�Voltage control

�Short-circuit power

Oscillation damping

10

[MW]

[h]

RES Curtailment� Since 2010, on days with high primary resource, it is not possible to integrate all the available power with priority of dispatch, and it becomes necessary to curtail RES production to balance generation and demand

� Frequency expected to increase

[h]�Oscillation damping

-20,000

-10,000

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

MW

Integration and curtailments of RES in the Spanish system

Central scenario - 2020

Min. Conv. Generation Run-of-river (Medium) SR Cogeneration SR Biomass-SUW-SIW SR Mini-hyd. SR Solar PV

SR Solar CSP Wind 1 2020 Eff. Dem. Total load -Eff.- Curtail. E1

Future challenges to integrate RES

n Forecasts for the 2020 horizon

11

-20,000

-10,000

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

MW

Integration and curtailments of RES in the Spanish system

Central scenario - 2020

Min. Conv. Generation Run-of-river (Medium) SR Cogeneration SR Biomass-SUW-SIW SR Mini-hyd. SR Solar PV

SR Solar CSP Wind 1 2020 Eff. Dem. Total load -Eff.- Curtail. E1

Red Eléctrica and the integration of renewable energiesm In order to reach a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly energy

supply, REE supports the development of renewable energies through:

� The implementation of tools and mechanisms that allow their maximum integration in the

� Investment in grid infrastructures to evacuate their production

� Minimizing their social and environmental impact

12

m Red Eléctrica has been a key actor for Spain to become a world leader in renewable energies integration

that allow their maximum integration in the system in safe conditions

� First control centre in the world for the safe integration of renewable energies (CECRE)

CECRE: Control Centre for Renewable Energiesn RES curtailments caused by grid constraints or fault-ride-through incapability have

been practically solved. REE's CECRE (Control Centre for Renewable Energies) monitors system conditions and sends curtailment orders to RES plants when system security is at risk. These instruments allowed a record integration of 54% of Spanish demand with wind on the 9th of November 2010 at 3h35 a.m.! And 43% of the daily demand!

n Until 2010, RES curtailments have been infrequent and non relevant in relative terms

x ~22

13

WGCC1

…

Rem

ote

contr

ol

Iccp Link

WGCCn

x ~22

x ~800

Challenges to maximize the integration of RES

n Challenges:

� Massive disconnection after voltage dips

� Voltage control: overvoltages

� Low interconnection capacity and new grid to evacuate RES

� Back-up power with low yearly production

14

� Variability and predictability of RES: operational reserves

� Load following of conventional generators

� Interaction with the integration of combined cycle units

� Storage?

� Costs and impact on the electricity tariffs?

� Market rules?

Solutions to optimize the integration of RESn Solutions:

� Fault-ride-through capability (Integration studies ���� Grid code P.O 12.3)

� Contribution to voltage control (Integration studies ���� Grid code P.O 12.2)

� CECRE: Control Centre for RES (First Control Centre in the world to monitor and control RES)

� Increase of interconnection capacity (HVDC projects with France in the 2020 horizon)

� Enhancement of forecasting tools

� Demand Side Management: move load to off-peak hours

15

� Demand Side Management: move load to off-peak hours

� Contribution of pump storage or other storage technologies (prioritize installation of Pump units)

� Flexibility of new/existing generation

� Market mechanisms: market coupling mechanisms ���� regional integration (MIBEL ���� IEM)

� Provide the gas system with higher capacity and flexibility in its reservoirs and supply chains

� Contribution of electric vehicles?

� Smart grids?

� Participation in national/international studies: EWIS (European Wind Integration Study),MERGE (EU, electric vehicle), TWENTIES (EU, RES integration), VERDE (electric vehicle),ESP-LEADER (Flows control with FACTS), MEDGRID initiative (Interconnections with NorthAfrica), CONSOLIDA (Integration of CSP), Projects on chemical storage

Conclusions

m Red Eléctrica supports the development of RES in safe conditions for the electric system

m RES integration challenges will icrease, and partial curtailments will be necessary for security reasons � need to minimize them

m Red Eléctrica, as technical manager of the system, will keep working on maximizing the integration of RES in safe conditions, and will support all measures

16

maximizing the integration of RES in safe conditions, and will support all measures contributing to this goal

m Technical studies (tools, requirements, DSM, electric vehicles etc.)

m CECRE: monitoring and control

m Grid expansion and interconnections

m Market mechanisms

m Supergrid? Smartgrids? North African initiatives? Demand Side Management? Electric Vehicle? Storage? Smart grids?

17

18

Cambios en los flujos