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CLEAN COAL DAY
JAPAN 2015 INTERNATIONAL
SYMPOSIUM
9 SEPTEMBER 2015 1
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A CARBON ATOM
STARRING: ADOM
2
Japanese Weekend School – Perth 8 August 2015
3
CURRENT STATUS
• Commercial and policy settings in Western Australia and
Australia have changed since 2010;
• This presentation will focus on what activities involving site
characterisation in the South West of Western Australia;
• The area is close to major industries such as power stations
and alumina refineries;
• Collie coal is a domestic market;
• Collie coal has enormous potential for gasification;
• The Gorgon project on Barrow Island, in the North West will
commence Carbon Storage in mid 2016 – world’s largest
CCS project
4
DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUM
Will manage early stage activity including the provision of detailed
geological information, establishment of research capability,
acquisition of data and core and establishment of the community
engagement process
5
STORAGE PORTFOLIO
6
LOCATION
• In the heart of
South West
industry
• Does not
compete with
potable water
• 125 land
owners; next
to town
7
Screening Studies : 1998 – 2007
• GEODISC (1998 – 2000) studies considered containment as a high risk.
• Lack of the thick shallow aquifer (Yarragadee)
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
SouthPerthShale Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
YarragadeeLeederville
Yarragadee
South Perth Shale
Cockleshell Gully Fm
Harvey Ridge
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
SouthPerthShale Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
YarragadeeLeederville
Yarragadee
South Perth Shale
Cockleshell Gully Fm
Harvey Ridge
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
SouthPerthShale Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
YarragadeeLeederville
Yarragadee
South Perth Shale
Cockleshell Gully Fm
Harvey Ridge
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
SouthPerthShale Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
Yarragadee
Yarragadee
Leederville
LesueurSandstone
CattamarraCoal Measures
Eneabba
CattamarraCoal Measures
YarragadeeLeederville
Yarragadee
South Perth Shale
Cockleshell Gully Fm
Harvey Ridge
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
YILGARN
CRATON
SUB-BASIN
VLAMING
Parm
elia
Hig
h
Roe H
igh
Bada
min
na
Fau
ltS
yste
m
TERRACE
MANDURAH
Harvey R
idge
Harvey T
ransfer
VLAMING
SUB-BASIN
FAU
LT
DU
NS
BO
RO
UG
H
TROUGH
BUNBURY
PERTH
Cockburn 1
Rockingham 1
Pinjarra 1
Lake Preston 1
Wonnerup 1
• CO2CRC study (2002-2005) looked closer at this issue.
• Lightly explored: limited well and seismic data
• Collie Basin screened out
• Harvey Ridge identified as a potential area of interest
• Structural geometry
• Thick marginal seal/reservoir overlying the injection zone
8
surfaceinjection
Yarragadee
YarragadeeLeederville Aquifer
> 2
km
th
ick
Cockleshell Gully
Upper Lesueur
Lower Lesueur
Sabina Fm
Inject at ~ 3km
Primary Migration
Secondary Percolation
Immobilized CO2
INITIAL LOWER LESUEUR
STORAGE CONCEPT – 2007 S. Varma, T. Dance, J. Underschultz, R. P. Langford and K. Dodds
(Not to Scale)
9
10
NEW DATA - 2D SEISMIC 2011
11
Seismic Line 11GA-LL2 (in time)
12
NEW DATA HARVEY 1 WELL
FEB 2012
Logging
Core
Quaternary GWSA Harvey 1
Eroded
Eroded
Unconformity
13
RESULTS: INJECTIVITY
Time [yrs]
Mas
sR
ate[
Mt/y
]
0 10 20 30 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S1, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8
S2
S4
Sector Model - Field Injection Rate
• All scenarios apart from S2 and S4 can achieve the target rate
• Effect of closed boundaries apparent
Scenario No. Total injected
mass [Mt]
S1 236.4
S2 236.0
S3 236.4
S4 188.1
S5 236.4
S6 236.4
S7 236.4
S8 236.4
S9 236.4
Scenario No. Formation
Total
injected
mass [Mt]
Dissolved Immobile Mobile
[mass % of total CO2]
S1 Yalgorup
236.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Wonnerup 39 55 6
S4 Yalgorup
188.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Wonnerup 41 52 6
S7 (Shale
Case)
Yalgorup 236.4
1 1 1
Wonnerup 43 47 7
S8 (Silt Case) Yalgorup
236.4 5 6 3
Wonnerup 40 43 2
14
UNCERTAINTIES
Uncertainty Activity to Address
Uncertainty
Data Required
Co
nta
inm
en
t
Faults – Location,
reactivation pressures and
juxtaposition effects
3D Seismic survey
Geomechanical information
and modelling
Log data
Interpreted seismic,
images, logs
Faults and fracture
location, orientations
Fracture gradient Drilling
Core tests
Well logs
Leak off tests
Rock strength
MDT stress tests
Basal Eneabba Seal –
Quality and Continuity.
Yalgorup palesols extent and
ability to act as baffles
laterally and vertically.
Cores
Well Logs
Well tests – single well and
multiwall
3 D Seismic
Interpreted well ties and
correlations.
Well test interpretations
Capillary entry pressures Lab core analysis MCIP measurements In
jec
tivit
y
Kv/Kh ratios (Injection
horizons and overlying
formations
Coring
Well tests
Lab perm.
measurements
MDT data interpretation
Absolute Permeability Logs
Cores
Well tests
NMR, MDT meas.
Core flood data
Pressure interpretation
Relative permeabilities Coring Core flood data
Rel Perm end points
Initial Pore pressures Well Logs
Well tests
MDT, test Pressure data
Reservoir fluid salinity,
reactive flow and transport
effects
Coring
Well Logs
Fluid Samples
Reactive transport Modelling
Core floods and samples
analysis (SEM)
MDT samples and
analysis
Ca
pa
cit
y
Faults – Location,
compartmentalisation
3D Seismic Survey
Logs – Interference tests
Interpreted seismic
Pressure interference
data
Gross thickness of reservoir Well Logs
Seismic inversion
Lithology data
Quantitative processing
Net to Gross Well Logs
Cores
Vsh computation
Log – Core calibrations
Regional Reservoir Digenetic
trends
Well Logs
Cores
Facies and other core
information
2 Main Areas to be Investigated :
1. Secondary Containment – Upper Lesueur and Eneabba:
2. Injectivity and Primary Containment – Lower Lesueur
15
SEISMIC AND DRILLING STRATEGIES
Harvey 2, 3 and 4
December 2014 to June 2015
16
3D SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION
• Completed in April 2014
• Over 125 landowners
• Negotiations over 18
months
• 75 voluntary land
access agreements
• Most complex land-based
seismic in Australia
• Community engagement
throughout
17
3D DATA COVERAGE
SHALLOW
~150m deep
T=1299ms
Near
Wonnerup
level at H-2
F10B
F1
F2 F3
F10A
F4 F4
F1
F2 F3
F14
F9 F12
F7 F8
F13
F6
F6
F2
F1
F3 F4
F14
F9 F12
F7 F8
F13
F6
F6
DEEP
~2070m deep
Note there are less
holes at depth due
to “under-shooting”
18
CURRENT STATUS
Breakup Unconformity
Basal Eneabba Shale
GSWA Harvey-1
Wonnerup Member
Sabina Sandstone
6km
F10 Fault
Top of box is MSL
19
Well Locations
Harvey 2:
East of
fault
Harvey 3: S-East of Harvey 1
Harvey 4: S-East of
Harvey 1
Harvey 1:
West of
fault
• Spatial coverage in Area of
Interest
• Wonnerup to be deeper than in
Harvey 1
20
WHY DID WE DRILL?
• To confirm geology
• Is there containment
laterally?
• Wireline logging –
surface seismic
survey
• Core - for testing
21
SHALLOW WELLS – HARVEY 3, 4 AND 2
1,550 m 1,802 m 1,351 m
22
WHAT WE COLLECTED
• 2.136 kilometres of core
23
WHAT WE COLLECTED
Wireline logging data
24
WHAT WE COLLECTED
Formation pressure
and chemistry data
25
ANALYSIS PROGRAM
• Core analysis
• Wireline logging analysis
26
FUTURE REPORTING
• What’s been achieved?
• Drilling program
• Wells completed
• Coring
• Wireline logging
• Core analysis
• Rock ages
• What it means
27
28
RESEARCH PROJECTS
DMP directly funds ANLEC R&D
29
NGL Equipment and Facilities
• Organic and inorganic geochemistry laboratories
• Sensors laboratory
• Rock mechanics, including petrophysics, core
flooding and computer tomography
• CO2 processing and sequestration laboratory (UWA)
• Mobile (containerised) geophysical and geochemical
laboratories
• 3D immersive visualisation
• Surface and down-hole seismic sources
• Seismic recording and geophysical data acquisition
• Environmental (shallow groundwater, soil and
atmospheric) monitoring
• Calibration and training facilities, including a 900m
borehole (Curtin)
• “In situ” laboratory (SWH)
www.ngl.org.au
ODIN Reservoir Consultants Page 31 Tel: +61-414-246-600
CROSSLINE 5010
XL 5010
H-3-B Harvey-1
TWT Top Wonnerup
2010 : SOUTH WEST HUB CONCEPT
Primary Migration
and Immobilisation of CO2
Limited Secondary
Percolation
2015: All activity to date has justified the
initial concept.
1) Wonnerup is the main injection interval
2) Wonnerup is principal solubility and
residual trapping horizon
3) Yalgorup is the lower secondary confining
layer
4) Eneabba is the upper secondary confining
layer
32
• The Lesueur represents the best
opportunity for CCS in the South
West
• The absence of the Yarragadee is
critical
• The broad support, awareness of
the project and the community
acceptance of activities make it
imperative to keep the current
impetus.
• Investigations in other areas such
as Canning and Eucla ongoing
SUMMARY
33
10 YEAR TIMELINE
2009 • Examination of existing data 2010
• Project concept developed 2011 • 2D Seismic Survey
2012 • Harvey 1 Well
2014 • 3D Seismic Survey
2016 • Harvey 5 Well
2013 • Consultation and Planning
2014-5 • Shallow Well drilling program
2017+ • Additional Trials?
• Additional Wells?
• Investment Decision
2017? • Small Scale Trial?
34
THANK YOU
www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ccs
www.ngl.wa.org.au
35