Ethanol Propane BiodieselNatural Gas

CLEAN CITIES

Alternative Fuel Price Report

July 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2

Welcome to the

July 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between July 1 2016 and July 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders

Whatrsquos New in This Issue Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)In a reversal of a trend that we have seen for the past three quarters the national average price for most fuels on a per gallon basis as reported by Clean Cities coordinators has increased relative to the previous quarter as shown in Table 2 and Tables 11a through 11g The lone exception was propane with a national average price that decreased by $001 per gallon There was some variation within PADD regions with CNG LNG and B99B100 also showing small decreases in several regions relative to the April report

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

There were a total of 42 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators during the July data collection period Beginning with this issue we will include a separate section on LNG shown on pages 10-11

In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) standard as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicular fuel All the LNG prices that were submitted to us by Clean Cities coordinators for the July AFPR were in $DGE

While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in the report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included a historical graph of LNG vs Diesel prices (Figure 7) as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

Renewable Diesel

Clean Cities Coordinators in California and Oregon reported a total of six (6) data points for renewable diesel during the July data collection period with an average price of $243gallon The number of data points submitted by Coordinators is currently very small If usage should begin to pick up however we may consider including a separate section in the AFPR on renewable diesel in the future

Special Price Variability Report

We recently prepared a special report on historical price variability as a supplement to the quarterly Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report This report examines how variable the alternative and conventional fuel prices submitted by Clean Cities Coordinators have been over time from September 2005 through April 2016 This report will be posted on the Alternative Fuels Data Center website httpwwwafdcenergygovfuelspriceshtml along with the July Alternative Fuel Price Report

Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2

Welcome to the

July 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between July 1 2016 and July 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders

Whatrsquos New in This Issue Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)In a reversal of a trend that we have seen for the past three quarters the national average price for most fuels on a per gallon basis as reported by Clean Cities coordinators has increased relative to the previous quarter as shown in Table 2 and Tables 11a through 11g The lone exception was propane with a national average price that decreased by $001 per gallon There was some variation within PADD regions with CNG LNG and B99B100 also showing small decreases in several regions relative to the April report

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

There were a total of 42 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators during the July data collection period Beginning with this issue we will include a separate section on LNG shown on pages 10-11

In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) standard as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicular fuel All the LNG prices that were submitted to us by Clean Cities coordinators for the July AFPR were in $DGE

While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in the report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included a historical graph of LNG vs Diesel prices (Figure 7) as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

Renewable Diesel

Clean Cities Coordinators in California and Oregon reported a total of six (6) data points for renewable diesel during the July data collection period with an average price of $243gallon The number of data points submitted by Coordinators is currently very small If usage should begin to pick up however we may consider including a separate section in the AFPR on renewable diesel in the future

Special Price Variability Report

We recently prepared a special report on historical price variability as a supplement to the quarterly Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report This report examines how variable the alternative and conventional fuel prices submitted by Clean Cities Coordinators have been over time from September 2005 through April 2016 This report will be posted on the Alternative Fuels Data Center website httpwwwafdcenergygovfuelspriceshtml along with the July Alternative Fuel Price Report

Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades

3

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales

prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1

bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis

bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol

bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations

bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2

bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3

bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages

bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below

FIGURE 1  PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration

Number of Data Points Submitted

Region Gasoline Diesel CNG LNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100

New England 39 31 28 1 7 26 10 4

Central Atlantic 84 76 94 0 95 51 29 3

Lower Atlantic 72 59 59 1 78 121 17 17

Midwest 264 152 126 5 241 79 25 0

Gulf Coast 95 74 63 8 133 138 13 2

Rocky Mountain 98 85 107 10 53 75 11 0

West Coast 126 137 123 17 66 124 25 19

TOTAL 778 614 600 42 673 614 130 45

1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3 Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 22-23

TABLE 1

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016

Fuel Type4 April2016

July 2016

Change in PriceApril-July

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon

Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon

CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE

LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE

Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon

Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$281 $303 $022 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units

($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$226 $255 $1977

Diesel $219 $246 $1911

CNG $205 $232 $1794

LNG $215 $241 $1671

Ethanol (E85)

$259 $292 $2957

Propane $379 $426 $4539

Biodiesel (B20)

$228 $259 $1804

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$297 $333 $2536

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel Prices Conventional and Alternative Fuels July 2016

Fuel Type4 April2016

July 2016

Change in PriceApril-July

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10) $206 $226 $020 per gallon

Diesel $213 $246 $033 per gallon

CNG $202 $205 $003 per GGE

LNG $241 $241 $000 per DGE

Ethanol (E85) $184 $199 $015 per gallon

Propane $277 $276 -$001 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $223 $254 $031 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$281 $303 $022 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisJuly 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units

($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$226 $255 $1977

Diesel $219 $246 $1911

CNG $205 $232 $1794

LNG $215 $241 $1671

Ethanol (E85)

$259 $292 $2957

Propane $379 $426 $4539

Biodiesel (B20)

$228 $259 $1804

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$297 $333 $2536

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1368GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

5

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data

Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of July 4 2016

Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels

Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources

GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES

Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference

New England $238 $232 $006 $256 $248 $008

Central Atlantic $227 $230 -$003 $283 $254 $029

Lower Atlantic $216 $215 $001 $228 $236 -$008

Midwest $213 $221 -$008 $228 $239 -$011

Gulf Coast $201 $207 -$006 $215 $228 -$013

Rocky Mountain $225 $231 -$006 $231 $244 -$013

West Coast $273 $276 -$003 $275 $271 $004

NATIONAL AVERAGE $226 $229 -$003 $246 $242 $004

EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of 07042016

TABLE 4

The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price

The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators

httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

6

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)

CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region CNG Prices($GGE)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $257 $238 $019

Central Atlantic $203 $227 -$024

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $188 $213 -$025

Gulf Coast $199 $201 -$002

Rocky Mountain $187 $225 -$038

West Coast $236 $273 -$037

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $226 -$021

The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $021 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that

are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis

States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in

the current report

FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 5

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

7

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gas

olin

e ga

llon

equi

vale

nt (

$G

GE)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 3  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region CNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $291 $256 $035

Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $213 $228 -$015

Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010

Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020

West Coast $267 $275 -$008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $275 $256 $019

Central Atlantic --- $283 ---

Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002

Midwest $263 $228 $035

Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021

Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023

West Coast $229 $275 -$046

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL

LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 7

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold

On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

7

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gas

olin

e ga

llon

equi

vale

nt (

$G

GE)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 3  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region CNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $291 $256 $035

Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $213 $228 -$015

Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010

Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020

West Coast $267 $275 -$008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $275 $256 $019

Central Atlantic --- $283 ---

Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002

Midwest $263 $228 $035

Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021

Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023

West Coast $229 $275 -$046

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL

LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 7

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold

On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region CNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $291 $256 $035

Central Atlantic $229 $283 -$054

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $213 $228 -$015

Gulf Coast $225 $215 $010

Rocky Mountain $211 $231 -$020

West Coast $267 $275 -$008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $232 $246 -$014

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $014 less than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $275 $256 $019

Central Atlantic --- $283 ---

Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002

Midwest $263 $228 $035

Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021

Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023

West Coast $229 $275 -$046

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL

LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 7

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold

On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $275 $256 $019

Central Atlantic --- $283 ---

Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002

Midwest $263 $228 $035

Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021

Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023

West Coast $229 $275 -$046

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL

LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 7

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold

On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

10

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LNG Prices($DGE)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $275 $256 $019

Central Atlantic --- $283 ---

Lower Atlantic $226 $228 -$002

Midwest $263 $228 $035

Gulf Coast $236 $215 $021

Rocky Mountain $254 $231 $023

West Coast $229 $275 -$046

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $246 -$005

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

In this map negative numbers represent prices for LNG that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any LNG data points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR LNG RELATIVE TO DIESEL

LNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

TABLE 7

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average LNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

LNG prices in Table 7 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary LNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate DGE for the actual gas being sold

On average during this reporting period LNG cost about $005 less than gasoline on a per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142011 20162013 2015J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO A

09O

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$125

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

NOTE While LNG data has not previously been shown in a separate section in this report we do have a record of historical prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators dating from January 2009 when 5 data points were submitted We have therefore included Figure 7 showing historical LNG vs Diesel prices as well as Table 12d comparing LNG prices submitted in July 2016 and April 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

12

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

Ethanol (E85) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region E85 Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $255 $238 $017

Central Atlantic $229 $227 $002

Lower Atlantic $194 $216 -$022

Midwest $184 $213 -$029

Gulf Coast $184 $201 -$017

Rocky Mountain $200 $225 -$025

West Coast $240 $273 -$033

NATIONAL AVERAGE $199 $226 -$027

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $027 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 8

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

EthanolGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

14

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses7

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region

Region LPG Prices($gal)

Gasoline Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $298 $238 $060

Central Atlantic $260 $227 $033

Lower Atlantic $288 $216 $072

Midwest $260 $213 $047

Gulf Coast $258 $201 $057

Rocky Mountain $281 $225 $056

West Coast $295 $273 $022

NATIONAL AVERAGE $276 $226 $050

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $051 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

7 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

TABLE 9

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

PropaneGasoline

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B20 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $262 $256 $006

Central Atlantic $268 $283 -$015

Lower Atlantic $220 $228 -$008

Midwest $242 $228 $014

Gulf Coast $234 $215 $019

Rocky Mountain $243 $231 $012

West Coast $283 $275 $008

NATIONAL AVERAGE $254 $246 $008

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $008 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Note that B20 prices in many regions track closely with diesel prices

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B20Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

18

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

Biodiesel (B99B100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region

Region B99B100 Prices($gal)

Diesel Prices($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $222 $256 -$034

Central Atlantic $255 $283 -$028

Lower Atlantic $314 $228 $086

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $217 $215 $002

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $326 $275 $051

NATIONAL AVERAGE $303 $246 $057

The prices shown in Table 11 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between July 1 and July 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $057 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 14 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 11

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

B99B100Diesel

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 15  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

20

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the April 2016 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $214 $238 $024 1121

Central Atlantic $207 $227 $020 966

Lower Atlantic $197 $216 $019 964

Midwest $193 $213 $020 1036

Gulf Coast $181 $201 $020 1105

Rocky Mountain $193 $225 $032 1658

West Coast $257 $273 $016 623

NATIONAL AVERAGE $206 $226 $020 971

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $233 $256 $023 987

Central Atlantic $214 $283 $069 3224

Lower Atlantic $212 $228 $016 755

Midwest $200 $228 $028 1400

Gulf Coast $188 $215 $027 1436

Rocky Mountain $197 $231 $034 1726

West Coast $242 $275 $033 1364

NATIONAL AVERAGE $213 $246 $033 1549

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $242 $257 $015 620

Central Atlantic $187 $203 $016 856

Lower Atlantic $188 $194 $006 319

Midwest $191 $188 -$003 -157

Gulf Coast $201 $199 -$002 -100

Rocky Mountain $189 $187 -$002 -106

West Coast $232 $236 $004 172

NATIONAL AVERAGE $202 $205 $003 149

CNG

TABLE 12a

TABLE 12b

TABLE 12c

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $279 $275 -$004 -143

Central Atlantic --- --- --- ---

Lower Atlantic $229 $226 -$003 -131

Midwest $227 $263 $036 1586

Gulf Coast $235 $236 $001 043

Rocky Mountain $256 $254 -$002 -078

West Coast $232 $229 -$003 -129

NATIONAL AVERAGE $239 $241 $002 084

LNG ($ per gallon)

TABLE 12d

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $243 $255 $012 494

Central Atlantic $211 $229 $018 853

Lower Atlantic $191 $194 $003 157

Midwest $166 $184 $018 1084

Gulf Coast $164 $184 $020 1220

Rocky Mountain $177 $200 $023 1299

West Coast $229 $240 $011 480

NATIONAL AVERAGE $184 $199 $015 815

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $289 $298 $009 311

Central Atlantic $277 $260 -$017 -614

Lower Atlantic $278 $288 $010 360

Midwest $269 $260 -$009 -335

Gulf Coast $257 $258 $001 039

Rocky Mountain $282 $281 -$001 -035

West Coast $294 $295 $001 034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $277 $276 -$001 -036

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $236 $262 $026 1102

Central Atlantic $216 $268 $052 2407

Lower Atlantic $214 $220 $006 280

Midwest $214 $242 $028 1308

Gulf Coast $216 $234 $018 833

Rocky Mountain $204 $243 $039 1912

West Coast $249 $283 $034 1365

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $254 $031 1390

Region Price for April 2016 Price for July 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England $232 $222 -$010 -431

Central Atlantic $265 $255 -$010 -377

Lower Atlantic $244 $314 $070 2869

Midwest --- --- --- ---

Gulf Coast $232 $217 -$015 -647

Rocky Mountain --- --- --- ---

West Coast $324 $326 $002 062

NATIONAL AVERAGE $281 $303 $022 783

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 12e

TABLE 12f

TABLE 12g

TABLE 12h

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

22

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3215 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 356 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3571 prices This includes a small number of data points that were submitted for alternative fuel blends that are not widely used such as E15-E50 B5-B50 hydrogen and renewable diesel

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region Private Public

New England $230 $239

Central Atlantic $221 $229

Lower Atlantic $208 $216

Midwest $216 $213

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain --- $225

West Coast $273 $273

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$233 $225

Region Private Public

New England $212 $263

Central Atlantic $178 $214

Lower Atlantic $100 $201

Midwest $185 $189

Gulf Coast $177 $201

Rocky Mountain $171 $196

West Coast $176 $245

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$175 $213

Region Private Public

New England $250 $257

Central Atlantic $274 $286

Lower Atlantic $224 $228

Midwest $204 $230

Gulf Coast --- $215

Rocky Mountain --- $231

West Coast $264 $276

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$255 $245

Region Private Public

New England --- $275

Central Atlantic --- ---

Lower Atlantic --- $226

Midwest --- $263

Gulf Coast --- $236

Rocky Mountain $263 $254

West Coast $182 $261

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$192 $253

TABLE 13a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 13d - LNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($DGE)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Region Private Public

New England $246 $302

Central Atlantic $134 $295

Lower Atlantic $372 $287

Midwest $184 $269

Gulf Coast $146 $266

Rocky Mountain $169 $282

West Coast $317 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$199 $282

Region Private Public

New England $242 $267

Central Atlantic $270 $264

Lower Atlantic $189 $224

Midwest $195 $249

Gulf Coast $181 $238

Rocky Mountain --- $243

West Coast $292 $280

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$258 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region Private Public

New England --- $222

Central Atlantic $184 $290

Lower Atlantic $395 $270

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $217

Rocky Mountain --- ---

West Coast $360 $322

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$364 $287

TABLE 13f - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13g - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 13h - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

Region Private Public

New England --- $255

Central Atlantic $237 $228

Lower Atlantic --- $194

Midwest $216 $182

Gulf Coast $184 $184

Rocky Mountain --- $200

West Coast $260 $239

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$226 $198

TABLE 13e - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

24

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2008 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

2010 2012 20142009 2011 20162013 20152008A J O A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J JA J JO AJ

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

Natural Gas (GGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5) B99B100 LNG

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

$150

FIGURE 16  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 17  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

8 httpctaornlgovdata9 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote10 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430011 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today12 See footnote 11 above13 In July 2016 at its annual meeting the National Conference of Weights and Measures (NCWM) voted to approve the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as an authorized method of measuring natural gas sold as a vehicle fuel 1 DGE means 6059 Ibs of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or 6384 Ibs of compressed natural gas (CNG)

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)9 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)10 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 14 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)11 130

LNG 089

Propane 137

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85)12 147

LNG13 100

Propane 154

TABLE 16 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 34 Table B48 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

26

Biodiesel (B99100) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB99100 Prices

($DGE)Diesel Prices

($gal)Difference

New England $244 $256 -$012

Central Atlantic $281 $283 -$003

Lower Atlantic $345 $228 $117

Midwest --- $228 ---

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain --- $231 ---

West Coast $359 $275 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$333 $246 $087

Biodiesel (B20) and Diesel Average Retail Prices by Region (DGE)

RegionB20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $267 $256 $011

Central Atlantic $273 $283 -$010

Lower Atlantic $224 $228 -$004

Midwest $247 $228 $019

Gulf Coast $239 $215 $024

Rocky Mountain $248 $231 $017

West Coast $289 $275 $014

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $246 $013

Propane (LPG) and Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionLPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $408 $238 $170

Central Atlantic $356 $227 $129

Lower Atlantic $395 $216 $179

Midwest $356 $213 $143

Gulf Coast $353 $201 $152

Rocky Mountain $385 $225 $160

West Coast $404 $273 $131

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$378 $226 $152

Ethanol (E85) And Gasoline Average Retail Prices by Region (GGE)

RegionE85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Difference

New England $331 $238 $094

Central Atlantic $298 $227 $071

Lower Atlantic $252 $216 $036

Midwest $239 $213 $026

Gulf Coast $239 $201 $038

Rocky Mountain $260 $225 $035

West Coast $312 $273 $039

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$259 $226 $033

TABLE 17a TABLE 17b

TABLE 17c TABLE 17d

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 6 and 7)

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

27

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

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CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JULY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afpralleghenystcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735