clean air initiative for asian cities world bank eases briefing april 19, 2004
TRANSCRIPT
Clean Air Initiative for Asian Clean Air Initiative for Asian CitiesCities
World BankEASES Briefing April 19, 2004
Presentation Outline Presentation Outline
• Context - Why this initiative • How to solve the problem• What is in this initiative• List of Activities
– Knowledge Management, Projects and Program, Networking
• BAQ 2002, 2003, 2004• Next Phase of activities
Air quality in most citiesAir quality in most cities of the developing world …. of the developing world ….
Air quality they deserve…Air quality they deserve… .... and the clean air they need .... and the clean air they need
The Problem: 2000/2001The Problem: 2000/2001
Source: Benchmarking Report on Air Quality in Asian cities Phase 2, 2003
SO2
NO2
SPMPM10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Bangk
ok
Busan
Chong
qing
Colom
bo
Hong
Kong
Jaka
rta
Kath
man
du
Kolkat
a
Man
ila
Mum
bai
New D
elhi
Osaka
Pune
Sing
apor
e
Seou
l
Shan
ghai
Toky
o
con
cen
trati
on
in
µg
/m3
The Impact of the The Impact of the ProblemProblem
Premature DeathsPremature Deaths
“Air pollution puts the lives of millions at risk in Asian cities”
EnvironmentalRisks
GlobalEstimate
AsianEstimate
Asia as %of Global
Unsafe Water 1,730,000 730,000 42%
Urban Outdoor Air 799,000 487,000 61%
Indoor Air 1,619,000 1,025,000 63%
Lead 234,000 88,000 37%
Burden of Urban Air Burden of Urban Air PollutionPollution
disability adjusted life-years per disability adjusted life-years per 1000 people1000 people
Latin America
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & N. Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
East Asia & Pacific
0 5 10 15Source: Lvovsky, 2002
Problem IdentificationProblem Identification
• Main problem is PM10 and PM2.5
• Vehicles – especially diesel and 2-stroke two and three wheelers are important contributors
• Fuel quality, driving style and lack of maintenance important reasons why these vehicles are a problem
How to solve the How to solve the problem? problem?
• Better information for policy makers • Consensus on issues and actions • Political commitment & rigorous enforcement• Identification of technical solution(s)• Economic analysis of options• Macro-policy in place: trade, lube, taxes, etc.• Institutional cooperation: Private, Public etc. • Learn from international experience
Air Pollution Impact of Air Pollution Impact of TransportTransport
• Important contributor to air pollution– Lead from gasoline—a problem of the past in most countries in Asia
as they have phased out leaded gasoline (Indonesia left)– Two-stroke motorcycles mostly phased out (issue in the Philippines,
Indonesia and South Asia)– Fine and ultrafine particles in vehicle exhaust—main concern now– Ozone precursors (HC and NOx) in vehicle exhaust—emerging
problem
• Current reality– Old polluting fleets and low replacement rates – specifically Diesel – Lack of vehicle maintenance culture– Weak administrative capacity to regulate and monitor
• Future challenge– Rising income and motorization will increase congestion, pollution
and traffic safety problems unless concerted measures are taken
Pollu
tion
Per-Capita GDP
The Kuznet’s Curve
Why: Kuznet’s CurveWhy: Kuznet’s Curveopportunities for cities to bypass a opportunities for cities to bypass a
BAUBAU• developing cost-effective analytical
frameworks, exploring innovative opportunities and learning from other city experiences...
CAI-Asia GoalsCAI-Asia Goals
• Sharing knowledge and experiences • Capacity building• Improving policy and regulatory frameworks -
regional • Assisting cities in formulating and implementing
integrated air quality management systems • Piloting projects to encourage innovation
CAI Asia promotes and demonstrates innovative ways to improve the air quality of Asian Cities through sharing experiences and building partnerships
Collaborators: WBI, EASTR, EASUR, EASEG, DEC, ENV
CAI-Asia Networking CAI-Asia Networking PhilosophyPhilosophy
CAI-Asia
APMA
Kitakyushu Initiative
IES/US-EPA
Local CAI-Asia network
Local CAI-Asia network
Local CAI-Asia network
Local CAI-Asia network
Activity AreasActivity Areas
1. Knowledge and Information – Clean Air web-site and newsletter– Regional and local media campaigns– Publication of air quality data, technical
papers, case studies, proceedings– Thematic and/or city-specific workshops– Training courses
Activity AreasActivity Areas
2. Regional Policies and Standards– Air pollution control regulations and
standards– Related technical specifications to help
reduce air pollution emissions– Energy efficiency policies– Sustainable financing mechanisms and
fiscal policies for air pollution control
Activity AreasActivity Areas
3. Studies and Pilot Projects– Thematic studies on key issues (e.g.
emissions inventories and monitoring, modeling, transport management, etc.)
– City-level formulation and implementation of integrated air quality action plans
– Technical exchanges among cities– Pilot projects to implement innovations in
policies and technologies
Mainstreaming Air Quality Mainstreaming Air Quality Management at the World Management at the World
BankBank• Hanoi Urban Transport, Bicycle path in MMUTRIP• GEF co-financing for China sustainable urban transport
strategy and a multi-city action program AAA and TA • Air Quality monitors for the Philippines and Thailand• Country Development Partnership dialogue on
Environment in Thailand• DIESEL pilot program – tested in Bangkok and to be
applied in other cities• Dhaka Three Wheeler Phaseout – 40% improvement• Car free day at the World Bank and other organizations• Influencing the Air Quality Thematic group at the Bank• Transport forum and internal training of Bank staff
Mic
rogra
m/m
3
PM2.5 Average
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
12/2
5/20
02
12/2
7/20
02
12/2
9/20
02
12/3
1/20
02
1/2/
2003
1/4/
2003
1/6/
2003
PM2.5 concentrations in Dhaka PM2.5 concentrations in Dhaka Declines by 41% because of Two Declines by 41% because of Two
Stroke PhaseoutStroke Phaseout
Testimonials from TTLs in Testimonials from TTLs in the regionthe region
Discussion: Next Phase?Discussion: Next Phase?
• Simplified lending framework - cross sectoral issues to be dealt through a strategic sector approach
• Identify and transfer management to the region • Explore new financing opportunities - GEF, CF, Italian
CTF for China, etc.• Assess cost-effectiveness of different emission
reduction strategies and increase understanding• Involve local agencies in the evaluating international
experiences and its applicability in their country
Next Phase cont.Next Phase cont.
• Regional monitor for Air Quality• Respond to client requests for air quality
programs• Develop air pollution projects or mainstream
into existing Bank operations• Harmonization of regional standards on fuels
and vehicles• External evaluation of CAI-Asia (ongoing)• Any other ideas???
For further information For further information contactcontact
http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia