Clause as representationclause as exchangeclause as message

Presenter Memoona butt

Introduction Systemic Functional Grammar is a

grammatical model developed by M.A.K Halliday in early Sixties.

According to Systemic theory, a clause can be viewed as realizing several layers of meaning into a single linguistic constituent.

The most important way to classify these layers is by referring to three metafunctions:

Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual.

The ideational metafunction is concerned with clause as representations and Transitivity system belongs to it.

The interpersonal metafunction is concerned with clause as exchange and Mood system belongs to it

The textual metafunction is concerned with clause as message and Theme system belongs to it.

Clause as Representation Halliday originally proposed that the

experiential(ideational) metafunction was one of the three main metafunctions. It is also called as clause as representation because the clause represents the Content of our experiences, answering the question “who does what to whom”.

This metafunction uses the grammatical system of transitivity.

Components in transitivity

Types of processes

Processes and Participants

Clause as Exchange

Clause as exchange is about the relationship speakers forge with listeners through the form of language.

Clause as exchange is concerned with Mood system. The mood system are choices between different roles which a speaker can select for himself and for his hearer.

Mood and Residue

In clause as exchange the part of the clause has the subject and finite is called mood and the remaining part of the clause is called residue.

Mood carries the burden of the clause as an interactive event.

The residue consists of the predicator, the complement and the adjunct element.

Baby Is Playing With the ball

In the graden.

Subject Finite Predicator Complement

Adjunct

Mood Residue

Mood system

Structure of clause The structure of a declarative clause. Sana has finished the job. subject finite predicator complement Mood Residue The structure of an interrogative clause. Has Sana finished the job. Finite subject predicator complement Mood Residue The structure of an imperative clause. Finish your job. predicator complement Residue

Clause as message

The textual metafunction is the flow of information in a text, and is concerned with clause as message.

In it message is clearly related to theme system which is concerned with the organization of information within individual clauses and, through this, with the organization of a larger text.

The clause as message is organized in THEME+RHEME.

Theme and RhemeTheme: Theme is the given information serving as the point of departure.

Rheme: Rheme is the remainder of the message in the clause which theme is developed.

Conclusion The three metafunction act

simultaneously and systematically not independently or distinctly in a text, in other words, Transitivity (ideational) ,Mood (interpersonal) and Theme (textual)function interdependently in the language system.

Questions

In clause as representation which thing is most important?

Is it necessary for the mood to come only in the beginning of the clause?

Difference between Theme and Rheme?