Classifying MatterScience 7—Chapter 10—Lesson 1Lecture Notes

May 12, 2015

Understanding Matter

0 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

0 Everything is matter. {Exceptions—light, magnetism}

0 An atom is a small particle that is a building block of matter

Atoms0 Atoms have 3 parts• protons• neutrons• electrons

oAt the center of an atom is a nucleus. The nucleus has a positive charge.

oProtons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.

AtomsoNeutrons have no charge (neutral) charge and are

found in the nucleus.o Electrons have a negative charge and are found in

the electron cloudoAn atom is almost too small to imagine.

Atomic StructureThere are two basic components in every atom:

Electron Cloud

Nucleus

Subatomic Particles

Electron Cloud:• Electrons orbit the

nucleus.

Nucleus or “Core”:• Protons and

Neutrons are found in the nucleus.

Subatomic Particles

Three subatomic particles make up every atom:

Subatomic Particle Charge Location

Proton Positive (+) Nucleus or “Core”

Neutron No Charge (0) Nucleus or “Core”

Electron Negative (-) Electron Cloud

Atoms0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

All matter is made of atoms. 0 Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They

make up everything around us; Your desk, the board, your body, everything is made of atoms!

0 Atoms are too small to see without powerful microscopes.

SubstancesoA substance is matter with a

composition that is always the same.oThis means that a given

substance is always made of the same combination(s) of atoms.

ElementsoAn element is a substance that

consists of just one type of atomoatomic number--the number of

protons in an atomoatomic mass--the number of protons

and neutrons in an atom (Round atomic mass to nearest one.)

ElementsoProtons = Atomic NumberoFor an atom to be neutral, number of

protons = number of electronsoNeutrons = Atomic Mass (Rounded to

nearest 1) – Atomic NumberoSymbol stands for the element. One

capital letter or one capital letter and lower case letter.

ElementsoThe most basic unit of matter is the element!

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