CLASSIFICATION NOTES

Classification- A grouping of objects or information based on similarities

Taxonomy- the branch of biology concerned with the grouping & naming of organisms

Aristotle:384-322 BCFirst method of classification2 major groups Plants - size & structure Animals - where they lived

(land or water)

Linnaeus: 1707 - 1778 Still used today Based on physical characteristics, close relationships

7 Levels of classification1. Kingdom2. Phylum3. Class4. Order5. Family6. Genus7. Species

King Phillip Came Over

From Great Scotland

Taxon: a group at any level of organization.

Polar bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos

Go to Section:

Binomial nomenclature: System that gives each organism 2 names

Genus: 1st word, always capitalized.Group of closely related species

species: 2nd word, lowercase.descriptive (latinized)Ex-Eurycea bislineata-2 line salamandercommon name varies from place to place

• http://www.search.com/reference/Wile_E._Coyote_and_Road_Runner

Domain Archaea

Kingdom ArchaebacteriaProkaryotes - No nucleus or

membrane-bound organellesCell walls without peptidoglycanUnicellularAutotroph or heterotrophExamples: Methanogens, Halophiles

Domain Bacteria

Kingdom EubacteriaProkaryotesCell walls with peptidoglycanNo nucleus or membrane bound OrganellesUnicellularAutotroph or HeterotrophE. Coli and Streptococcus

Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaEukaryotic Cell walls in SOME (plantlike) with cellulose with chloroplastsMost are Unicellular some Multicellular Autotroph or heterotrophParamecium, Kelp, Euglena

Domain EukaryaKingdom FungiEukaryoteCell wall with chitin, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles-no chloroplastsMost are multicellularHeterotrophEats by absorbing nutrients Mushrooms, yeasts

Domain EukaryaKingdom PlantaeEukaryotesCell walls with cellulose, have chloroplastsMulticellularAutotrophMosses, ferns, trees, flowering plants

Domain EukaryaKingdom AnimaliaEukaryoteNo cell wall or chloroplastsHave specialized systemsMulticellularHeterotrophsponges, worms, insects, fish

1. This kingdom contains all autotrophic organisms.

2. The term autotrophic refers to…

3. The opposite of autotrophic is…

4. These organisms contain the material chitin…

5. These kingdoms contain prokaryotic cells…

6. Which is the most general of Linnaeus’ seven taxa?

7. If 2 organisms are in the same kingdom, must they belong to the same phylum?

8. If several organisms contain the same class characteristics, must they belong to the same phylum?

9. Linnaeus’ 2 name system is called…

10.The most specific part of a scientific name is the…

11.If 2 organisms belong to the same order, must they belong to the same family?

12.In the scientific name the first letter of the ___ must be capitalized.

13. The scientific name must be ____ or italicized.