PROPERTIES PROPERTIES OF MATTEROF MATTER

ObjectivesObjectives Define matter.Define matter.

Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states of matter in terms of particles.Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states of matter in terms of particles.

Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.matter.

Classify Changes of matter as physical or chemical.Classify Changes of matter as physical or chemical.

Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given their symbols.their symbols.

Identify important families of elements on the periodic table.Identify important families of elements on the periodic table.

TEKS: 2A,2D,2E,3B,3C,3D,3E,4A,4B,4C,4D,5A,11A,11BTEKS: 2A,2D,2E,3B,3C,3D,3E,4A,4B,4C,4D,5A,11A,11B

Definition of MatterDefinition of Matter

The two properties of matter are:

•Mass – amount of matter

•Volume – amount of space occupied

•Therefore…matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

States of MatterStates of Matter Solid – Solid – definite shape and volumedefinite shape and volume

Liquid – Liquid – definite volume, and takes the shape definite volume, and takes the shape of the containerof the container

Gas – Gas – takes the shape and volume of the takes the shape and volume of the containercontainer

Plasma – Plasma – a collection of high energy ions and a collection of high energy ions and electrons.electrons.

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes Physical changePhysical change

alters the alters the substance substance without without changing its changing its composition or composition or chemical chemical identity.identity.

Boil, melt, cut, Boil, melt, cut, break, split, break, split, grind, crush, grind, crush, bend, condense, bend, condense, freeze, dissolve freeze, dissolve and crack are and crack are examples of examples of physical changes.physical changes.

PhysicalPhysical PropertiesProperties

A A physical propertyphysical property is a condition that is a condition that can be measured or observed without can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance.changing the identity of the substance.

Examples of physical properties include Examples of physical properties include color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, melting point and boiling point, etc.melting point and boiling point, etc.

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

The ability of a substance to undergo The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction to form a new a chemical reaction to form a new substance is called a substance is called a chemical chemical propertyproperty. Chemical properties are . Chemical properties are observed when a substance observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change.undergoes a chemical change.

Chemical ChangeChemical Change A change in which one or more A change in which one or more

substances are converted into substances are converted into different substances is called a different substances is called a chemical changechemical change or chemical or chemical reaction.reaction.

C + OC + O22 COCO22

(reactants) (product)(reactants) (product)

Look for terms such Look for terms such as . . .as . . .

burn burn rotrot rustrust decompose decompose ferment ferment explode explode oxidize oxidize corrode corrode grow grow precipitateprecipitate gas formationgas formation digestdigest

Classifying PropertiesClassifying Properties

Both physical and chemical Both physical and chemical properties can be classified as properties can be classified as being either being either extensiveextensive or or intensiveintensive properties. properties.

Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive vs. IntensiveExtensive PropertiesExtensive Properties

Depend on the Depend on the amount of matter amount of matter presentpresent

Mass, volume, length, Mass, volume, length, height, amount of height, amount of energy, etc.energy, etc.

Intensive PropertiesIntensive Properties

Do not depend on the Do not depend on the amount of matter amount of matter presentpresent

Density, boiling point, Density, boiling point, melting point, color, melting point, color, ability to conduct ability to conduct electricity, etc.electricity, etc.

Classifying MatterClassifying Matter Matter is classified by the number of Matter is classified by the number of

phases it contains. phases it contains.

Any part of a system with uniform composition and properties is called a phase.

Matter can be classified as either Matter can be classified as either Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.

Homogeneous & Homogeneous & HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

Homo = same Hetero = different

•Homogeneous materials exist in only one phase.

•Heterogeneous materials contain more than one phase.

•Includes solutions, compound & elements

•Heterogeneous materials are all mixtures

MixturesMixtures MixturesMixtures are a physical blend of 2 or more are a physical blend of 2 or more

kinds of matter.kinds of matter.

Mixtures can be either homogeneous Mixtures can be either homogeneous (solutions) or heterogeneous.(solutions) or heterogeneous.

Separation of mixtures is done by physical Separation of mixtures is done by physical means such as magnets, distillation, means such as magnets, distillation, chromatography and filtration.chromatography and filtration.

Pure SubstancesPure Substances•A pure substance has a fixed composition . Elements and compounds are pure substances.

•Unlike mixtures, every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition.

Elements and CompoundsElements and CompoundsAn An elementelement is a collection of the same type is a collection of the same type

of atom. They are the simplest form of of atom. They are the simplest form of matter that can exist under normal lab matter that can exist under normal lab conditions.conditions.

CompoundsCompounds consist of two or more elements consist of two or more elements that are chemically combined. They can that are chemically combined. They can be separated only by a chemical change.be separated only by a chemical change.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Matter

Mixtures Pure Substances

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Solutions Compounds

Elements

Homogeneous Matter