classification chapter 18
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Classification Chapter 18. Dr. Donna Howell Biology – Blacksburg High School. Finding Order in Diversity. What is Classification?. Put simply, the putting into groups and naming of organisms. We classify because it helps us see the relationships between different organisms. Taxonomy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ClassificationChapter 18
Dr. Donna HowellBiology – Blacksburg High School
Finding Order in Diversity
What is Classification?• Put simply,
the putting into groups and naming of organisms.
• We classify because it helps us see the relationships between different organisms.
Taxonomy• The
science of classifying and naming organisms is called taxonomy.
Binomial Nomenclature• Organisms are
classified by a system called binomial nomenclature.
• Bi means “two” and this means that each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
Genus & Species• The first part
of the name is the genus.
• Example: all bears have the genus of Ursus.
• The second part of the name is the species. This is unique to each type of bear.
Carolus Linnaeus• Carolus Linnaeus
is the scientist that came up with the hierarchial system of classification that includes 7 levels:– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species
Carolus Linnaeus• The broadest
category is the kingdom.
• All animals are in the kingdom Animalia.
• Then gradually it gets more specific, eventually reaching the species level.
Modern Evolutionary Classification
Evolutionary Classification
• Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
• Organisms are now grouped into lines of evolutionary descent.
Cladograms• One way
evolutionary relationships are shown is through a cladogram.
• Each branch on a cladogram represents a new adaptation in the family line.
Similarities in DNA and RNA
• Another way we can show evolutionary relationships is through analyzing DNA and RNA.
• This is much more accurate than other methods.
Kingdoms and Domains
The Six Kingdoms• The current
classification system contains six kingdoms:– Eubacteria– Archaebacteri
a– Protists– Fungi– Plantae– Animalia
The Three Domains• Most
scientists now use a 3 domain classification system:– Archaea– Bacteria– Eukarya
• Plants• Animals• Fungi
Protists
Domain Archaea• Archaea are
the most primitive bacteria.
• They are unique in that they live in extreme environments, such as high salt, high heat, cold, acid, etc.
Domain Bacteria• The bacteria
are unicellular organisms that are prokaryotes (cells don’t have nuclei)
• Live EVERYWHERE!
• Cause disease
Domain Eukarya - Protista
• The protists are unicellular and multicellular organisms with many different characteristics.
• Ex: malaria, algae, and many pond water organisms.
Domain Eukarya -Fungi• The fungi are
organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter.
• Ex: mushrooms, yeast, molds, athlete’s foot, etc.
Domain Eukarya -Plantae• The plants are
organisms that undergo photosynthesis.
• Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, etc.
Domain Eukarya -Animalia
• The animals are organisms that are more advanced than other organisms.
• Ex: mammals, rodents, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, etc.
The End!