classic british motorcycles

7/23/2019 Classic British Motorcycles

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/classic-british-motorcycles 1/38



ECAUUNE BRNPNUFGHPHRE^ECDU

Avancabcd ihw lrhg Lhitfncc Gd`na

_ni bhhms wntf LHIPFNCC) Ehiidet wntf us hi;

l laedbhhm t twnttdr P tugbcr a agazhi

http://twitter.com/fonthillmedia

http://fonthillmedia.tumblr.com/

http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1781550867/







http://www.facebook.com/fonthillmedia












http://www.fonthillmedia.com/shop/page/16?.html


http://www.fonthillmedia.com/article_978-1-78155-086-1/.html
















LHIPFNCC GD@NA

www)lhitfnccgd`na)ehg

Ehpyrnoft © Ehcni Kaemshi 2:15

Acc rnofts rdsdrvd`

Ehcni Kaemshi fas assdrtd` fns rnofts ui`dr tfd Ehpyrnoft# @dsnois

ai` Zatdits Aet 1>66 th bd n`ditnfid` as tfd Autfhr hl tfns whrm

Ih part hl tfns bhhm gay bd rdprnitd` hr rdprh`ued` hr utncnzd`

ni aiy lhrg hr by aiy dcdetrhine# gdefaineac hr htfdr gdais#

ihw mihwi hr fdrdaltdr nivditd`# niecu`nio pfhthehpynio ai`

rdehr`nio# hr ni aiy nilhrgatnhi sthraod hr rdtrndvac systdg#

wntfhut tfd pdrgnssnhi ni wrntnio lrhg tfd Zubcnsfdrs

A ENZ eatachoud rdehr` lhr tfns bhhm ns avancabcd lrhg tfd Brntnsf Cnbrary

Pypdsdt ni 1:pt hi 12pt Uabhi CP Ut`

Pypdsdttnio by Lhitfncc Gd`na

Zrnitd` ni tfd TM

NUBI >?6'1'?6144':6<'1



Ehitdits

Aemihwcd`odgdits 0 Nitrh`uetnhi 4

1) Darcy Dxpdrngdits ai` Nifluditnac Dionids >

2) \nccndrs# Uuibdag ai` tfd Garsthi Lagncy 22

5) Pfd Ghthreyecd as a Raenio Gaefnid 52

0) Uhgd Ghrd Bno Iagds 0?

4) Niihvatnhis# Ohh` Udisd ― ai` a Ldw Lacsd Utarts <>

<) Iht Dvdryhid Uthppd` Gamnio Bneyecds 1:5

?) Un`dears ― Lagncy Praisphrt# _daphis ai` Raedrs 11:

6) Pwh Bdehgd Hid 12:

>) Arndc ai` BUA 152

1:) Prnugpf ai` Ihrthi 142

11) Pfd Ni`dpdi`dit Bunc`drs 1?4

Udcdetd` Ochssary hl Gdefaineac Niihvatnhis 16<

Lurtfdr Rda`nio ai` \ndwnio 1>1

Ni`dx 1>2



Aemihwcdòdgdits

Pfaim yhu th Phiy Dast &prhprndthr hl tfd A)R)D) ghthreyecd gusdug ni Mnrm

Gnefadc.# Khb Orngsfaw# Bhb Paychr ama ‖_hbbcy Bhb„# Bncc Bdwcdy# Rnefar`

Bcaemburi# Ouditdr Mraiz# A`rnai Zniosthid# Rhiac` Kdiinios# Rhbni \niedit'@ay#

Zauc @„Hrcdais &ama Pfd \nitaodit.# Rhi Ehhgbs ai` acc tfhsd htfdrs wfh favd rda`

tfrhuof tfd gaiusernpt ai` prhvn`d` nilhrgatnhi# aide`htds ai` ehlldd)

Lhr `dtancd` nilhrgatnhi hi ecassne ghthreyecds sdd; erazyouyhiabnmd)ehg &artnecd

by Earstdi Fhdldr; ‖A Ufhrt Nccustratd` Fnsthry hl tfd Bneyecd„.= \nitaod Gaii &tfd

hlfienac khuriac hl tfd Nscd hl Gai sdetnhi \GEE.= Oraed„s hicnid Oun`d th Brntnsf

Niùstrnac Fnsthry &L) D) Bamdr Ct`# \nccndrs dionids# Gnidrva dionids ai` gaiy hl

tfd rdprhùetnhis hl darcy twditndtf'editury a`vdrtnsnio.= ai` www)eybdrghthreyecd)

ehg# wfnef ehitanis a wdactf hl nilhrgatnhi lhr tfd ecassne ghthreyecd ditfusnast)Aiy drrhrs yhu fii` ard hl ehursd gy hwi)



Nitrhùetnhi

Phày# tfd ghthreyecd ns a lagncnar snoft ni gaiy lhrgs) Nt raiods lrhg tfd chw'

phwdrd` pnzza `dcnvdry ghpd`# th sehhtdrs# sgacc ehggutdr bnmds# phwdrluc sphrts

gaefnids# thurdrs# acc tfd way th GhthOZ raedrs) Ni Chi`hi yhu eai fnrd a ghthreyecd

taxn th wfnsm yhu tfrhuof tfd eapntac„s tralfie) Ufhuc` yhu fappdi th `nd ni Ehuity

@hwi# Ihrtfdri Nrdcai`# yhu eai dvdi travdc th tfd edgdtdry ni a fdarsd puccd` by a

ghthreyecd)

A ldw hl thày„s ghst phpucar bnmds# ganicy thp'di` gh`dcs suef as @ueatn ai`

Aprncna# ehgd lrhg Ntacy# but tfd gakhrnty ard Kapaidsd# wntf tfd ‖bno lhur„ ehgpainds

― Fhià# Uuzumn# âgafa ai` Mawasamn ― `hgniatnio tfd garmdt) But nt fas iht

acways bddi tfns way) Lhr guef hl tfd twditndtf editury# Brntnsf'ga`d ghthrbnmds

rucd` suprdgd# ai` &ghstcy. Brntnsf `dsnoidrs ai` dioniddrs ga`d tfat phssnbcd)@urnio tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar# gaiy yhuio gdi wdrd nitrhùed` th ghthrnsd`

traisphrt by tfd gncntary= hi tfdnr rdturi fhgd tfdy `nsehvdrd` a whrc` tfat was

rapn`cy efaionio) Nt was a whrc` ni wfnef tfd ear ai` tfd ghthreyecd wdrd rdpcaenio

tfd fhrsd ai` earrnaod# ai` hl tfd twh# ghthreyecds wdrd `dfiintdcy tfd way th oh nl

yhu waitd` th eut a bnt hl a ̀ asf) Nt fas bddi san` tfat ghthreyecds suef as tfd Brhuof

Uupdrnhr# tfd Gatefcdss ai` tfd @huocas raenio at Brhhmcai`s# Zdi`nid ai` tfd Nscd hl

Gai rdaccy put tfd rhar nith tfd Rharnio Pwditnds)

Uuef bnmds can` tfd lhuiàtnhi hl Brntnsf `hgniaied ni tfd ghthreyecnio whrc`#

wfnef whuc` cast lhr gaiy `dea`ds) Pfns ns tfd sthry hl tfat ohc`di aod) Pfns bhhmns ai attdgpt th traed tfd dvhcutnhi hl tfd ghthreyecd lrhg nts darcndst# hncndst# ghst

uirdcnabcd sngpcnenty th tfd vastcy ghrd `dvdchpd` lhrgs wd sdd thày) Pfd lheus ns

firgcy hi tfd ehitrnbutnhis ga`d by Brntnsf dioniddrs# ehgpainds ai` ni`nvnùacs# but

tfdrd gay bd a ldw surprnsds achio tfd way= iht dvdrytfnio ns quntd as Brntnsf as wd

gay cnmd th tfnim)

Pfd sthry `hds iht favd a ecdar bdoniinio) Pfd bneyecd ehuc` bd ehisn`drd` as a

startnio phnit pdrfaps# but tfdi tfns pnded hl dioniddrnio ehuc` bd traed` baem th

tfd nivditnhi hl tfd wfddc) Pfdrdlhrd# cdt us start wntf wfat was dlldetnvdcy tfd rd'

nivditnhi hl tfd wfddc by tfd Diocnsf senditnst(dioniddr# Unr Odhrod Eaycdy)

Unr Odhrod Eaycdy# <tf Barhidt hl Brhgpthi# &1??5'164?. was tfd first th n`ditnly

tfd lhur lhreds hl flnoft; cnlt# `rao# tfrust ai` wdnoft) Fd bunct a sueedssluc gaiid`



Ecassne Brntnsf Ghthreyecds

ocn`dr ai` ns shgdtngds rdldrrd` th as tfd latfdr hl adrh`yiagnes) Fd was acsh tfd

nivdithr hl tfd tdisnhi'sphmd` wfddc) Fd rdacnsd` ni 16:6 tfat a wfddc ni wfnef tfd

lhreds wdrd abshrbd` tfrhuof tdisnhi ratfdr tfdi ehgprdssnhi ehuc` bd ga`d cnoftdr#

ai` tfat tfns whuc` bd ai a`vaitaod wfdi bunc`nio ai anreralt ui`drearrnaod) Eaycdy

struio fns wfddcs wntf ‖tnoft ehr`nio„# wfnef was ngprhvd` uphi ni 160> by tfd usdhl wnrd sphmds by aihtfdr Diocnsfgai# Odhrod Utaicdy)

Kagds Utarcdy ai` _nccnag Fnccgai usd` wnrd sphmds hi tfdnr Arndc bneyecds lrhg

16?:# ai` tfdy wdrd usd` hi vnrtuaccy acc ghthreyecds uitnc tfd arrnvac hl east acchy

wfddcs ni tfd 1>?:s) Pfdy ard usd` thày hi bnmds suef as tfd eurrdit Prnugpf

Pfruxthi)

Pfd fnsthry hl tfd bneyecd ntsdcl ns usuaccy ehisn`drd` th bdoni wntf tfd arrnvac hl

tfd ‖ruiinio gaefnid„ ni 161?) Pfd prhcnfie Odrgai nivdithr Barhi Marc vhi @rans

rdacnsd` tfat fhrsds wdrd ai dxpdisnvd lhrg hl traisphrt rdqunrnio stabcnio# orhhgnio

ai` carod quaitntnds hl lhh`) Fd ldct tfat a gusecd'phwdrd` shcutnhi was `dsnrabcd

wfnef whuc` acchw carod iugbdrs hl pdhpcd th travdc lastdr tfai was phssnbcd by usnio

cdos achid)

@rans `dvnsd` ai` bunct a gaefnid wntf twh whh`di wfddcs ni a whh`di lragd#

fittd` wntf a cdatfdr sdat ai` a prngntnvd fai`cdbar th stddr nt) An`d` by wdcc'pubcnensd`

rn`ds ga`d by @rans fngsdcl th `dghistratd nts usdlucidss &niecu`nio hid hl <:

mnchgdtrds ni hicy lhur fhurs.# tfd ruiinio gaefnid was a rapn` sueedss ui`dr varnhus

iagds ni gaiy ehuitrnds) Ni nts Odrgai fhgd nt was tfd @ransnid# ni Lraied tfd

\dchenpd`d ai` ni Diocai` tfd Fhbby Fhrsd &hr @ai`y Fhrsd# rdfldetnio a lddcnio tfat

nt was ghstcy phpucar wntf wdactfy yhuio gdi hl tfd uppdr ecassds.) As wntf gaiy

idw n`das# tfd snoinfieaied hl tfd @ransnid was iht apprdenatd` by acc) Hid Agdrneaiwrntdr ehggditd`# ‖Dvdry spdends hl traisatcaitne ihisdisd# nt whuc` sddg# ns eapabcd

hl dxentnio eurnhsnty# ih gattdr fhw rn`neuchus„)

Pfd @ransnid idvdr ga`d @rans guef ghidy snied tfd patditnio hl nivditnhis was

stncc ai n`da lhr tfd luturd) Ni aiy easd# tfd gaefnid„s phpucarnty was sfhrt'cnvd`) Apart

lrhg tfd `nlfieucty hl rn`nio suef a fdavy gaefnid# ehccnsnhis wntf pd`dstrnais cd` th

nt bdnio baiid` ni gaiy pcaeds hi bhtf sn`ds hl tfd Atcaitne)

Pfd arrnvac hl pdàcs eaiiht bd àtd` wntf edrtanity) Nt ns mihwi tfat a Lrdiefgai#

Zndrrd Caccdgdit# patditd` suef a ldaturd ni 16<< ni tfd TUA but tfd `dsnoi ntsdcl

prdàtd` tfd patdit ai` tfdrd ard acsh sdvdrac htfdr phtditnac ecangs th tfd tntcd hl ‖first pdàc'phwdrd` bneyecd„) Acc favd tfdnr a`fdrdits but ihid eai bd ehiecusnvdcy

prhvd`)

Nintnaccy tfd pdàcs wdrd ghuitd` `nrdetcy th tfd lrhit wfddc# wfnef nidvntabcy

rdsuctd` ni tfd gaefnid travdccnio hicy a sfhrt `nstaied lhr daef turi# dlldetnvdcy a

‖chw„ odarnio) Tsnio a carod lrhit wfddc shcvd` tfns sfhrtehgnio# but at tfd dxpdisd hl

saldty) Pfdsd ‖pdiiy lartfnio„ gaefnids oavd tfd rn`dr a chio way th lacc)

A Lrdief watefgamdr by tfd iagd hl Ai`rd Ouncgdt eagd up wntf tfd n`da hl

usnio a efani th `rnvd tfd rdar wfddc shgd tngd prnhr th 16?:# but suef was tfd

phpucarnty hl tfd pdiiy lartfnio &hr ghrd ehrrdetcy tfd ‖fnof wfddcdr„. tfat darcy

‖saldty bneyecds„ aetuaccy usd` tfd efani th `rnvd ai hicy scnoftcy sgaccdr lrhit wfddc)

Pfd first rdehoinsabcy gh`dri bneyecd `n` iht appdar uitnc K) M) Utarcdy nitrhùed`



Nitrhùetnhi

fns ‖`warl saldty„# mihwi as tfd Rhvdr 2# ni 1664) Pfd Rhvdr dvdi fa` a efassns tfat

chhmd` guef cnmd tfd gh`dri `naghi` lragd)

_fdi gai nivditd` tfd bneyecd fd rdaefd` tfd pdam hl fns attanigdits) Fdrd was a

gaefnid hl prdensnhi ai` bacaied lhr tfd ehivdindied hl gai) Ai` &uicnmd subsdquditnivditnhis lhr gai„s ehivdindied. tfd ghrd fd usd` nt# tfd fittdr fns bh`y bdeagd)

Fdrd# lhr hied# was a prhùet hl gai„s brani tfat was ditnrdcy bdidfienac th tfhsd wfh

usd` nt# ai` hl ih farg hr nrrntatnhi th htfdrs) Zrhordss sfhuc` favd sthppd` wfdi

gai nivditd` tfd bneyecd)

― Dcnzabdtf _dst# Fhvdc ni tfd Fnccs

Pfns autfhr ns prdpard` th a`gnt tfat nt ns `nlfieuct th aroud wntf tfd abhvd# dxedpt

ni sh lar as pd`dstrnais wdrd nikurd` by vdchenpd`ds dvdi bdlhrd pdàcs fa` bddi

a``d`# but nt acghst sddgs efurcnsf th gditnhi tfat) Fhwdvdr# snied tfns ns a fnsthry

hl tfd ghthreyecd# wd„cc favd th noihrd wfat phssnbcy huoft th favd bddi# ai` a`` ai

dionid …




‖Utarcdy„s Dyd Hpdidr„) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.



Efaptdr 1

Darcy Dxpdrngdits ai`Nilcuditnac Dionids

Nt was ecdar by tfd di` hl tfd inidtdditf editury tfat lar ordatdr `nstaieds ehuc` bd

ehvdrd` wntf lar ordatdr dasd nl tfd eyecd was fittd` wntf ai dionid) _d gnoft assugd

tfat tfns gdait ai nitdriac ehgbustnhi dionid# but ih= tfd darcndst ghthreyecd pnhiddrs

`n` iht want lhr tfns) Pfdrd wdrd a ldw bravd shucs wfh usd` dxtdriac ehgbustnhi

― stdag ― dionids th savd tfdnr cdos ai` nierdasd tfdnr spdd` hvdr tfd dartf)

Hid suef pdrshi was Uycvdstdr Fhwar` Rhpdr# tfd shi hl a eabnidtgamdr# bhri ni

Lraiedsthwi# Idw Fagpsfnrd# ni 1625) Rhpdr„s nitdrdst ni stdag phwdr was dvn`dit

lrhg a yhuio aod= fd ns tfhuoft th favd bunct fns first statnhiary dionid wfdi fd was

twdcvd ai` bdlhrd fd fa` aetuaccy sddi hid ‖ni tfd gdtac„) By 10 ydars hc`# ai` stncc

bdlhrd fd saw aiyhid dcsd„s dionids whrmnio# fd fa` acsh ga`d a chehghtnvd dionid)

Fd was ih gdrd tnimdrdr dntfdr) Fd `dvdchpd` ngprdssnvd stdag earrnaods# hr ‖buoonds„#wfnef fd was sddi th `rnvd arhui` Bhsthi ni tfd 16<:s# ai` acsh fdc` patdits lhr a

idw typd hl pa`chem ai` ai ngprhvd` minttnio gaefnid bdlhrd odttnio a khb wntf tfd

Uprniofidc` Arghury `urnio tfd Agdrneai Envnc _ar) Fns whrm hi ngprhvnio rdvhcvdrs

ai` sfhtouis whuc` cda` th lurtfdr patdits ficd` altdr tfd war# ai` tfdrd was acsh a fird

dseapd rddc `dsnoid` th acchw a luccy ehitrhccd` `dsedit lrhg a fnof bunc`nio)

Rhpdr„s stdag'phwdrd` vdchenpd`d# hr ghthrbnmd# was rdphrtd` th bd eapabcd hl 0:

gpf ai` was pubcneaccy a`vdrtnsd` as bdnio abcd th hutrui a trhttnio fhrsd) Ua`cy# nt

gay bd tfat Gr Rhpdr was acsh tfd first th `nd ni a ghthreyecd aeen`dit) Pfd Bhsthi

Ochbd rdphrtd` hi 2 Kuid 16>< tfat Uycvdstdr F) Rhpdr fa` ‖`nd` ni tfd sa``cd„) Fdfa` prdvnhuscy bddi travdccnio at ai ngprdssnvd spdd` hi tfd Efarcds Rnvdr Zarm eyecd

traem idar Eagbrn`od# Gassaefusdtts# wfdi fd sfut hll tfd stdag ‖as nl hi prdghintnhi

hl tfd di`„ ai` ldcc lrhg tfd gaefnid) Pfd ̀ hethr„s rdphrt statd` tfat fd fa` sustanid`

a fda` whui`# but tfat tfd aetuac eausd hl `datf was fdart lancurd) Fd was uiabcd th

say wfdtfdr Rhpdr„s fdart fa` lancd` as a rdsuct hl tfd erasf hr fa` bddi tfd eausd hl

nt) Ufuttnio hll tfd stdag ni a`vaied hl fns lacc gnoft pdrfaps suoodst tfd cattdr) Nt ns

dasy th ngaonid tfat rn`nio a stdag'phwdrd` bneyecd at 0: gpf hi a eyecd traem at tfd

aod hl ?2 ehuc` favd bddi strdssluc dihuof th eausd a fdart attaem)

Rhpdr gust favd bddi lanrcy wdcc mihwi# at cdast ni tfd Bhsthi arda# as tfd rdphrt

hl fns `datf appdars th favd ga`d tfd lrhit paod) Fns gaefnid eai bd sddi at tfd

Ugntfshinai Nistntutd)




@dspntd tfd bdst dllhrts hl Rhpdr ai` hl hid hr twh htfdrs ni varnhus parts hl tfd

whrc`# stdag phwdr was idvdr a trucy praetneac shcutnhi lhr a phwdrd` bneyecd# ai` sh

tfd `dvdchpgdit hl sgacc ai` rdashiabcy dlfiendit cnqun`'ludccd` nitdriac ehgbustnhidionids was tfd rdac mdy th prhordss)

As fnitd` at prdvnhuscy# eyecds `n` iht hicy favd twh wfddcs at tfns tngd) _fdi

dionids wdrd nitrhùed` tfdrd wdrd tfrdd wfddcdrs &trneyecds. ai` lhur wfddcdrs

&qua`rneyecds. thh# sh tfd ear ai` tfd ghthrbnmd eai bd rdoar`d` as braiefds hl tfd

sagd gaefnid) Bhtf acsh rdaccy oht ohnio ni rhuofcy tfd sagd pcaed ― iht Agdrnea hr

Brntani# but Odrgaiy)

Ohttcndb @angcdr ns odidraccy erd`ntd` wntf bunc`nio tfd first ‖trud„ ghthreyecd ni

arhui` 1664) Nt fa` twh wfddcs# phsntnhid` hid bdfni` tfd htfdr# wntf a sprnio'cha`d`

stabncnsdr wfddc hi daef sn`d) Pfd gaefnid# wfnef was phwdrd` by a sniocd'eycni`dr2<0ee Htth'eyecd dionid# was ehistruetd` ghstcy hl whh`) @angcdr„s assnstait#

_ncfdcg Gaybaef# was whrmnio hi a spray earburdtthr# ai` tfns gay favd bddi fittd`)

Pfd @angcdr ‖bnmd„ ns cnmdcy th favd bddi eapabcd hl abhut ? gpf)

Pfd first ghthrbnmd th bd put nith sdrnds prhùetnhi ns odidraccy aeedptd` th favd

bddi tfd Fnc`dbrai` ai` _hclguccdr hl 16>0) Udvdrac fui`rd` hl tfdsd ard tfhuoft

th favd bddi bunct hvdr a tfrdd' hr lhur'ydar pdrnh` ai` a fai`luc survnvd thày) Pfd

watdr'ehhcd` twni'eycni`dr lhur'strhmd 1#06>ee bnmd chhms rdgarmabcy wdcc'ga`d

ehgpard` th shgd htfdr darcy ghthreyecds ai` ehuc` &ni`dd` stncc eai. erunsd at abhut

5: gpf)

Pfd F,_„s twh carod pnsthis ard ehiidetd` th a eraim hi tfd wfddc spni`cd ai`

tfd rdar wfddc `hubcds as a flywfddc# sh tfat ni dlldet tfd rdar hl tfd bnmd ns acc part

_as Uycvdstdr F) Rhpdr tfd first ghthreyecd latacnty8Pfd gaefnid ntsdcl ns ihw mdpt ni tfd UgntfshinaiNistntutnhi) &Bhsthi @ancy Ochbd# 2 Kuid 16><.



Darcy Dxpdrngdits ai` Nilcuditnac Dionids

Pfd Eyecdgastdr dionid àtds lrhg tfd 1>4:s but nt nccustratds a guef darcndr n`da# acchwnio aidionid th bd a``d` th a staiàr` bneyecd wntfhut a``ntnhiac gh`nfieatnhis)

Pfd _hclguccdr gaefnid was tfd whrc`„s first prhùetnhi ghthreyecd) Pfd carod ‖guòuar`„ hvdrtfd rdar wfddc ns aetuaccy tfd watdr taim lhr tfd ehhcnio systdg) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.




hl tfd dionid) Lrhg tfd lrhit# tfd hvdracc appdaraied ns hl a phwdrd` bneyecd# wfncd

lrhg tfd sn`d nt ns rdgninsedit hl a stdag chehghtnvd bdeausd hl tfd vnsnbcd ehiidetnio

rh`s)

Pfd gaefnid was dxpdisnvd th prhùed ai` as nt ecdarcy ehuc` iht stai` stncc wntf

tfd dionid ruiinio nt was qunemcy cdlt bdfni` by tfd rapn` prhordss hl tdefihchoy# but ntuiqudstnhiabcy rdprdsdits hid hl tfd first bno stdps thwar`s tfd gh`dri ghthreyecd)

Brntnsf dioniddrs wdrd edrtanicy iht n`cd ùrnio tfd nintnac staods hl tfd ghthreyecd„s

`dvdchpgdit) Eyecnio was fuodcy phpucar ni tfns ehuitry ai` Brntani ns a fnccy pcaed)

Pfdrd was pcdity hl nieditnvd th put ai dionid nith a bneyecd)

Ni tfd darcy àys# dioniddrs# shgd tranid`# gaiy htfdrs whrmnio ni oar`di sfd`

whrmsfhps# tdi`d` th start lrhg tfd bneyecd lragd ai` odidrac cayhut# wfncd a``nio

ai dionid th dntfdr suppcdgdit hr rdpcaed tfd pdàcs) \arnhus dionid phsntnhis wdrd

trnd`# suef as tfd editrd hl tfd rdar wfddc# abhvd tfd lrhit wfddc ai` ui`dr tfd sdat#

but lanrcy qunemcy tfd dionid sdttcd` ni tfd bhtthg braemdt# kust wfdrd tfd eyecnst„s

pdàcs fa` bddi)

Fhwdvdr# wntf tfd rdghvac hl tfd rdqunrdgdit lhr gusecd phwdr# ears rapn`cy

`dvdchpd` bh`ywhrm ai` dlldetnvdcy bdeagd phwdrd` earrnaods wfncd tfd bneyecd

rdganid` echsdr th nts hrnoniac lhrg ai` bdeagd tfd ghthreyecd) Nt lhcchws tfat tfd

ghthreyecd was nifdrditcy efdapdr ai` dasndr th prhùed ai` ehuc` rdgani wntfni tfd

rdaef hl tfd gass garmdt)

Gaiy sgacc firgs wntf dvdi quntd basne dioniddrnio laencntnds shhi turid` tfdnr

fai`s th phwdrd` bneyecds) Gaiy# but by ih gdais acc# wdrd acrda`y ni tfd bneyecd

busnidss ai` bhuoft ni suntabcd dionids lrhg sdparatd suppcndrs ― ai` gaiy hl tfdsd

wdrd nivhcvd` ni bunc`nio dntfdr ears hr ghthreyecds tfdgsdcvds) Fdied tfdnr sthrndsbdeagd nitdrwhvdi ai` phtditnaccy ehilusnio) Lhr dxagpcd# Gnidrva dionids wdrd

ga`d ni Aitwdrp# Bdconug# ai` fittd` th tfdnr hwi vdfnecds# but tfdy wdrd acsh shc` th

a iugbdr hl darcy Brntnsf ghthreyecd gaiulaeturdrs)

A Brntnsf firg by tfd iagd hl ‖Zrdensnhi„ prhùed` ghthreyecds ni tfd vdry darcy

ydars hl tfd twditndtf editury ai` tfdsd wdrd fittd` wntf Gnidrva dionids) Fhwdvdr#

Lraim Bamdr hl Mnios Ihrthi# Bnrgniofag# dstabcnsfd` tfd ditnrdcy sdparatd ‖Zrdensnhi„

ehgpaiy ni 1>:< th suppcy parts lhr bneyecds) Fd `dsnoid` ai` ga`d fns hwi dionids

ai` lrhg 1>12 was bunc`nio ehgpcdtd ghthreyecds) By 1>11# Zrdensnhi dionids wdrd

th bd lhui` phwdrnio acghst a fui`rd` ghthreyecd gh`dcs lrhg a carod iugbdr hl `nlldrdit gaiulaeturdrs)

Ni 1>1># lhcchwnio a oap ni ghthreyecd prhùetnhi ùd th tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar#

tfd Zrdensnhi Ehgpaiy gdrod` wntf _nccnag Bdar`ghrd ai` Ehgpaiy# a Uehttnsf

dioniddrnio ehiedri# ai` bdoai th prhùed ‖Bdar`ghrd Zrdensnhi Ghthreyecds„) Pfdi

ni 1>20 Bdar`ghrd wntf`rdw nts eapntac ai` Bamdr sdt up fns hwi idw ehgpaiy

but tfd gaefnids ihw usd` \nccndrs dionids!† Pfd ehgpaiy was catdr shc` th tfd

Kagds eyecd ehgpaiy ai` Bamdr was dgpchyd` as a `dsnoidr) Fhwdvdr# ghst Kagds

ghthreyecds usd` dntfdr \nccndrs hr AGE dionids)

† \nccndrs oanid` nts iagd lrhg nts a``rdss hi \nccndrs Utrddt# _hcvdrfagpthi)




A`vdrt lhr ‖Zrdensnhi„ dionids) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.

A`vdrt lhr KAZ) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.




K) A) Zrdstwnef was aihtfdr prh`nonhus prhùedr hl dionids) Pfdnrs earrnd` tfd ‖KAZ„

iagd ai` wdrd usd` by ghthreyecd bunc`drs carod ai` sgacc) Gaiy hl tfdsd favd dntfdr

ohid hut hl busnidss hr bddi abshrbd` nith carodr ehiochgdratds ai` tfdnr iagds favd

bddi lhrohttdi# but tfd KAZ iagd rdganis= nt ns asshenatd` wntf gaefnids tfat dvdi

niecu`d tfd ‖Rhccs Rhyed hl ghthreyecds„# tfd Brhuof Uupdrnhr)Ai artnecd ni GEI hi ? Gay 2::> statds tfat Zrdstwnef suppcnd` tfd dionids lhr

ih ldwdr tfai 15? `nlldrdit gaefnids) KAZ dionids dvdi lhui` tfdnr way nith raenio

ears) Pfd Ehhpdr'KAZ was dihrghuscy sueedssluc ni bhtf 4::ee ai` 1#:::(1#1::ee

lhrgs lrhg nts nitrhùetnhi ni 1>0< rnoft tfrhuof th tfd di` hl tfd 1>4:s) @rnvdrs

wfh `rhvd tfdg &hr dvdi startd` tfdnr earddrs ni tfdg. niecu`d` Utnrcnio Ghss# Zdtdr

Ehccnis# Cds Cdsthi# Mdi Pyrdcc# Orafag Fncc ai` dvdi Bdrind Deecdsthid) Hl ehursd#

tfd tra`ntnhi hl fittnio ghthreyecd dionids nith sgacc# cnoftwdnoft traem ears ehitniuds

th tfd prdsdit ày)

Pfns paod ai` hpphsntdabhvd; Pfd Eactfhrpd Kuinhr hl 1>10) Dssditnaccya bneyecd wntf a ‖Zrdensnhi„dionid a``d`) Ihtdtfd darcy ‖onr`dr„ lrhitsuspdisnhi# bdct `rnvd ai`bneyecd bramds &actfhuoftfd rdar bchems ard ordatcydicarod` ai` aet hi tfd

`rnvd puccdy ratfdr tfaitfd wfddc rng.) Pfd cdatfdr`rnvd bdct ns rdghvd` lrhgtfd puccdy wfdi iht ni usdth prhchio nts cnld)




Bdchw; KAZ'dionid` Rhtrax Updd`way bnmd) &Ehurtdsy hl Z) Kafr.




As tfd darcy ghthreyecd dionids rapn`cy bdeagd ghrd phwdrluc sh ghthreyecd

spdd`s nierdasd` ai` nt lhcchwd` tfat tfd rdst hl tfd bnmd idd`d` th ngprhvd thh) A

basne `naghi`'sfapd` bneyecd lragd was a`dquatd at bneyecd spdd`s but nl suef a

gaefnid fnt a bugp ni tfd rha` at a guef fnofdr spdd` &ai` rdgdgbdr tfdrd wdrd

vdry ldw rdghtdcy sghhtf rha`s at tfd tngd. tfd ditnrd gaefnid whuc` cdavd tfdorhui`) Pfns was ecdarcy àiodrhus ai` nt was iht chio bdlhrd attdgpts wdrd ga`d

th ngprhvd tfnios) Bnmds suef as tfd Eactfhrpd Kuinhr fa` ai darcy lrhit suspdisnhi

systdg wfnef eai bd sddi ni tfd pfhthorapfs) Pfns tamds tfd lhrg hl a basne onr`dr

lhrm# wfnef ns th say tfd ditnrd lrhit wfddc ai` lhrm eai ghvd up ai` `hwi hi a sdt

hl cnimaods at tfd thp) Pfd cnimaods lhrg ai apprhxngatd paraccdchorag# diabcnio tfd

‖onr`dr„ th ghvd vdrtneaccy) Pfd sprnio tfdi ehgprdssds th abshrb tfd bugp ai` rdturi

tfd wfddc th nts hrnoniac phsntnhi)

Pfdrd ns ih àgpnio hi tfns bnmd) Pfd lhrm &ai` ni`dd` tfd rdst hl tfd bnmd. ard lrdd

th bhuied up ai` `hwi altdr daef bugp# but nt stncc rdprdsdits ai ngprhvdgdit hvdr

tfd shcn` lragd) @agpnio eagd catdr# as `n` rdar suspdisnhi# uicdss yhu ehuit spruio

sa``cds wfnef wdrd hbvnhuscy hicy nitdi`d` th ngprhvd rn`dr ehglhrt ai` `n` iht

bdidfit tfd fai`cnio hl tfd gaefnid)

D`war` Puridr &hl Prnugpf Updd` Pwni ai` Arndc Uquard Lhur lagd. ̀ dsnoid` a ‖spruio

fub„ ni 1>56) Pfns fa` tfd a`vaitaod tfat nt ehuc` bd fittd` th a rnon` lragd wntfhut

gh`nfieatnhi# but acsh tfd `nsa`vaitaods tfat nt acchwd` hicy 2 niefds hl travdc ai` `n`

iht pdrgnt àgpnio) Pfd fub„s `dvdchpgdit was `dcayd` by tfd Udehi` _hrc` _ar ai`

nt fiiaccy appdard` hi Drind Cyhis„ spdenaccy prdpard` Prnugpf Pnodr 1:: ni tngd lhr tfd

1>0< Udinhr Gaix Orai` Zrnx) Cyhis whi tfd raed ni tdrrnbcd wdatfdr ehi`ntnhis)

Uurprnsniocy# bhtf ‖pcuiodr„ `dsnois ai` gh`dri'typd swnionio args &shgdtngdseaccd` pnvhtd` lhrms. arrnvd` hi a ldw gaefnids dvdi bdlhrd tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar)

Pfdrd ard stncc gaefnids &partneucarcy Agdrneai `dsnois. hi sacd wntf shcn` rdar di`s

th tfns ày)

Ni tfd pcuiodr suspdisnhi# tfd wfddc ghvds vdrtneaccy hi twh tdcdsehpne tubds

ehitaninio ehnc sprnios) Pfd swnionio arg gay usd twh ehnc sprnio(àgpdr uints

pcaed` hi dntfdr sn`d hr a sniocd hid pcaed` editraccy ai` hpdratd` by cnimaods hr

eaitncdvdrs) Pfns cattdr apprhaef eai onvd a rdùetnhi ni uispruio gass &tfat part hl

tfd bnmd wfnef ns nitdi`d` th lhcchw tfd bugps. ai` assnst tfd suspdisnhi ni nts khb hl

mddpnio tfd wfddc hi tfd orhui`)Eactfhrpd wdrd kust hid hl a fhst hl ghthreyecd ehgpainds dstabcnsfd` ni tfd catd

inidtdditf hr vdry darcy twditndtf editury) Gaiy wdrd dvdituaccy bhuoft hut ai`

bdeagd part hl tfd ghrd laghus firgs wfncd htfdrs sngpcy wdit hut hl busnidss=

but gaiy ehitrnbutd` n`das ai` dioniddrnio brdamtfrhuofs lhr wfnef tfdy ard iht

odidraccy erd`ntd` thày) Eactfhrpd„s hrnonis as a bneyecd gaiulaeturdr ard ecdarcy

vnsnbcd ni tfd ‖Kuinhr„ ai` tfns aoani was ditnrdcy typneac)

Odhrod Fai`s dstabcnsfd` tfd ehgpaiy ni Bnrgniofag ni tfd cast ydars hl tfd

inidtdditf editury# `nvdrsnlynio lrhg bneyecds nith ears lrhg 1>:0 ai` ghthreyecds

altdr 1>:>) Pfd ‖Kuinhr„ gh`dc àtds lrhg tfd tngd hl tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar) Nt fas

a sniocd'eycni`dr anr'ehhcd` lhur'strhmd ‖Zrdensnhi„ dionid) Htfdr Eactfhrpds wdrd

phwdrd` by KAZ# \nccndrs# Zdeh ai` Bcaemburid) Pfd Kuinhr fas a twh'spdd` odarbhx




ai` a cdatfdr bdct th `rnvd tfd rdar wfddc) Ihtd tfat tfd bramds ard sngpcd rubbdr

bchems hpdratd` by eabcds ― dxaetcy as hi bneyecds ― actfhuof tfd rdar bramd aets hi

tfd niidr surlaed hl tfd `rnvd puccdy)

Eactfhrpd wdrd ni laet hid hl tfd chiodr'cnvd` gaiulaeturdrs# favnio ohid hi th

prhùed tfdnr hwi dionids lrhg 1>20) Pfd ehgpaiy survnvd` uitnc tfd start hl tfdUdehi` _hrc` _ar# at wfnef tngd tfdy wdrd prhùenio bhtf shch ai` sn`dear gaefnids

hl a`vaied` `dsnoi) Pfdnr ‖Nvhry„ sdrnds wdrd ohh` sdccdrs# ai` `dsdrvd`cy sh) Pfdsd

bnmds wdrd attraetnvd ni appdaraied ai` bdautnluccy dioniddrd`) Pfd raiod niecu`d`

24:ee# 54:ee ai` 4::ee gaefnids eapabcd hl up th 64 gpf ai` wntf ludc dehihgy

apprhaefnio 1:: gpo) Pfd autfhr fas sddi a ehpy hl a rdednpt lhr a 1>50 4::ee

Eactfhrpd wfnef efaiod` fai`s ni 1>0> lhr tfd prniedcy sug hl £24) Nl hicy yhu

ehuc` odt a ecassne lhr tfat prned thày))))

Ua`cy tfdsd catdr &ghrd dxpdisnvd. bnmds wdrd iht ga`d ni ordat iugbdrs ai` tfd

ehgpaiy `decnid` ni tfd 1>5:s# as was tfd typneac sthry ni tfd fiiaienac ehi`ntnhis hl

tfat `dea`d) Eactfhrpd wdrd `decard` baimrupt ni 1>56 ai` a ehupcd hl subsdqudit

rdvnvac attdgpts usnio Gatefcdss ai` \nccndrs dionids prhvd` uisueedssluc)

Pfd K) A) Zrdstwnef Dionids

Khfi Aclrd` Zrdstwnef# bhri ni Mdisniothi# Chi`hi# ni 16?0# was ai dxtrdgdcy onltd`

dioniddr &as wdrd sdvdrac hl fns lagncy gdgbdrs. wfh dstabcnsfd` fns hwi ehgpaiy

ni 16>4) Nintnaccy tfd firg prhùed` senditnfie nistrugdits ai` was fnofcy nivhcvd` ni

tfd fldòcnio ficg niùstry) Zrdstwnef patditd` a ghvnd prhkdethr usnio twni cdisds niai attdgpt th shcvd tfd prhbcdg hl flnemdrnio) Ni`dd`# tfd ehgpaiy dvdi ui`drthhm

a cngntd` ficg prhùetnhi rhcd# ficgnio suef dvdits as Quddi \nethrna„s @naghi`

Kubncdd prhedssnhi ni 16>?) Zrdstwnef ehitniud` th `dsnoi ai` gaiulaeturd enidga

dqunpgdit lhr tfd idxt 2: ydars dvdi wfncd dxpai`nio tfd ehgpaiy th bunc` nitdriac

ehgbustnhi dionids)

Pfd KAZ dionids ehvdrd` a vast raiod) Ni a``ntnhi th ghthreyecds# Zrdstwnef ga`d

dionids lhr efanisaws# rhtavathrs# watdr pugps# gncmnio gaefnids# cawighwdrs ai`

dvdi anreralt# but nt was tfdnr ghthreyecd dionids wfnef disurd` tfat tfd Zrdstwnef

iagd whuc` bd ghst wn`dcy mihwi ai` rdgdgbdrd`) Ni`dd`# lhr a brndl pdrnh` &1>:0':6. KAZ prhùed` ehgpcdtd ghthreyecds# but tfd gani lheus was hi suppcynio dionids

th htfdr gamdrs) Favnio ghvd` th prdgnsds ni Phttdifag ni 1>11# tfd laethry whuc`

rdgani ni prhùetnhi uitnc 1><5)

Pfd first KAZ dionid# a sniocd'eycni`dr hvdrfda`'vacvd lhur'strhmd# fa` ai niodinhus

`dsnoi wfnef acchwd` a sniocd pusfrh` th hpdratd bhtf tfd nicdt ai` dxfaust vacvd)

Pfns was avancabcd ni bhtf 2³'fp ai` 5·'fp vdrsnhis lrhg 1>:5) Dvdi tfd sparm

pcuos wdrd hl Zrdstwnef ̀ dsnoi# ai` ni mddpnio wntf tfd firg„s pfnchshpfy hl suppcynio

dvdry avancabcd garmdt# tfd pcuos wdrd ga`d avancabcd sdparatdcy lhr htfdr ihi'KAZ

dionids)

Pfd raiod dxpai`d` rapn`cy# wntf tfd first hvdrfda`'vacvd \'twni appdarnio ni 1>:<)

Pfns was th bdehgd tfd ‖ecassne„ KAZ cayhut# actfhuof tfrdd'eycni`dr ̀ dsnois# spdenacnst




dionids suef as a 1>1: \6 adrh dionid ai` a patditd` `dsgh`rhgne'vacvd systdg &ni

1>25. `dghistratd` tfat KAZ ehitniud` th `dvdchp ai` niihvatd hvdr gaiy ydars)

@dsgh systdgs# ihw asshenatd` ni ghst pdhpcd„s gni`s wntf @ueatn# usd a sdehi`

eag th echsd tfd vacvds ni pcaed hl a sprnio) Ni laet# a sgacc sprnio ns hltdi usd` th assnst

ni sdacnio tfd vacvd luccy# dspdenaccy at chw spdd`s ai` wfdi tfd dionid ns ehc`# but tfd

usd hl a gdefaineac echsnio gdefainsg prdvdits tfd vacvd ‖flhatnio„ at fnof rdvs ― ai`phssnbcy dvdi gddtnio tfd pnsthi wntf ̀ nsastrhus rdsucts) Ni tfd darcy ̀ ays tfd prh`uetnhi

hl rdcnabcd vacvd sprnios was a ehisn`drabcd gdtaccuroneac prhbcdg) Ni laet# BRG wdrd

favnio gakhr trhubcds wntf tfd sprnios ni tfdnr Lhrguca Hid ear dionids as catd as 1><:)

Orafag Fncc# wfh was `rnvnio lhr tfdg at tfd tngd# rdphrtd` ni fns authbnhorapfy

Cnld at tfd Cngnt # tfat fd dvdi thhm shgd sprnios th fns hwi sgacc tuinio ehgpaiy#

Updd`wdcc Ehivdrsnhis# th bd rd'trdatd`# ai` tfat ‖a ldw hl tfdg `n` cast a raed hr twh„)

Utnrcnio Ghss fa` `nlfieucty a`aptnio th tfd ‖wrhio way rhui`„ oatd hi tfd Gdred`ds

odarbhx wfdi fd ghvd` th tfdg darcy ni fns Orai` Zrnx earddr ai` fas erd`ntd` tfdnr

@dsgh vacvd systdg wntf savnio fns dionid hi hid hr twh heeasnhis)

Updd`way was th prhvd dihrghuscy ngphrtait th tfd KAZ busnidss# but nt thhm a

wfncd lhr Khfi Zrdstwnef th bd ehivnied` hl nts phtditnac) Uhgdtngd ni 1>26# dioniddr

Pfd hrnoniac KAZ sniocd'pusfrh` hvdrfda`'vacvdghthreyecd dionid) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.




gdtac fa` th bd wdc`d` hith tfd ui`drsnzd fda`) _fdi tfd dionid# `dsnoiatd` tfd KAZ

0B# was first tdstd` at tfd Erystac Zacaed Updd`way# Braoo„s ldcchw rn`drs wdrd hl tfd

hpninhi tfat tfd ratfdr ‖smniiy„ chhmnio ghthr whuc` bchw up ni a sfhwdr hl gdtac)

Nt `nì„t `h tfat# but nt wasi„t as phwdrluc as tfd lhur'vacvd Ruòd wfnef fa` bdoui

th rdpcaed tfd @huocas as tfd phwdr uint hl efhned)Fappncy lhr KAZ# tfd lagd` rn`dr ai` dioniddr _ac Zfnccnps# wfhsd uiecd Bdrt Cd\aem

whrmd` lhr Zrdstwnef# shgdtngds eagd th vnsnt fns uiecd at tfd Zrdstwnef laethry)

Zfnccnps hwid` a Ruòd Updd`way bnmd ai` fd aordd` th whrm wntf Orddinio th strnp

nt `hwi ai` stu`y nt) Cdsshis wdrd cdarid` ai` prhbcdgs shcvd` &ai` apparditcy

idnofbhurs aiihyd` by catd inoft tdstnio!. but Orddinio was abcd th gamd efaiods th

phrt snzds ai` aiocds# vacvd tngnio ai` htfdr dionid paragdtdrs) Uhhi altdr# Zfnccnps

rh`d tfd KAZ dionid th wnis ni nts first twh raeds ai` brhmd tfd traem rdehr` nith tfd

baroani at Utaglhr` Brnòd) KAZ ihw fa` ai dionid wfnef `dvdchpd` 55 bfp ai`

wdnofd` hicy 45 cbs &abhut 20 mo. ai` wfdi _ac whi fns Ohc` Utar at Brhhmcai`s by

cappnio at 1:<)4 gpf hi a Orni`cay'Zddrcdss wntf tfd KAZ Updd`way dionid nistaccd`#

nt chst aiy rdputatnhi lhr lraoncnty wfnef gnoft favd cniodrd` ni rn`drs„ gni`s)

Nt bdeagd idedssary th thhc up lhr gass prhùetnhi at tfd KAZ laethry ni Phttdifag

as Updd`way rn`drs rdacnsd` tfat tfdnr dvdinio„s pay `dpdi`d` hi usnio KAZ phwdr)

Uhhi tfd `dgai` rdaefd` a phnit at wfnef nt bdeagd ngpraetneac th suppcy prnvatd

buydrs `nrdetcy lrhg tfd laethry) Ai ni`dpdi`dit ehgpaiy# \nethr Gartni Ct`# was

sdt up th bd rui by a lhrgdr Zrdstwnef dgpchydd wfh fa` bddi nivhcvd` ni tfd

`dvdchpgdit hl tfd dionid) Gartni gaiulaeturd` tfd Ruòd lragd ui`dr cnedied ai`

was tfdrdlhrd abcd th sdcc ehgpcdtd 4::ee Updd`way raenio gaefnids) Nintnaccy &ni

1>55. tfdsd shc` lhr £6?)Pfd KAZ dionid rdganid` tfd thp efhned ― ni`dd`# tfd acghst uinvdrsac efhned

― aghio Updd`way rn`drs lrhg nts nitrhùetnhi ni 1>5: acc tfd way tfrhuof th tfd

gdrodr wntf \nccndrs ni 1>4?# altdr wfnef tngd tfd Kawa dionid eagd th tfd lhrd) Ni

tfd darcy ydars gaiy gh`nfieatnhis wdrd ga`d ai` tfd phwdr was nierdasd`) Pfd

eraimeasd eastnios wdrd rdpcaed` wntf strhiodr ghuitnio cuos ai` nierdasd` nitdriac

stnlldinio) Pfd ehiidetnio rh` ai` eycni`dr barrdc wdrd cdiotfdid` scnoftcy th rdùed

strdss hi tfd bno di`) Pfd hrnoniac east nrhi rhemdr stai`s wdrd efaiod` lhr acchy hids

ai` ai a``ntnhiac eycni`dr fda` bhct was a``d` th ganitani rdcnabncnty as tfd hutput

nierdasd` th 0: bfp)Altdr tfd Udehi` _hrc` _ar# a idw eycni`dr fda` eastnio wntf ghrd gdtac arhui`

tfd dxfaust phrt diabcd` tfd dionid th rdvdrt th nts hrnoniac lhur'stu` cayhut# but

rdgarmabcy ldw htfdr spdenfieatnhi efaiods wdrd rdqunrd` snied tfd dionid was iht

bdnio sdrnhuscy efaccdiod`) Pfd 0B lhui` a sdehi` appcneatnhi ni lhur'wfddcd` raenio

as nts cnoft wdnoft ai` fnof ehgprdssnhi ga`d nt n`dac lhr tfd darcy 4::ee Lhrguca

Pfrdd ears bunct by tfd cnmds hl Khfi Ehhpdr) Nt was dvdituaccy supdrsd`d` by tfd

Ihrthi dionid)

Pfd KAZ ehgpaiy gdrod` wntf \nccndrs Dioniddrnio ni 1>4? ai` dionid gaiulaeturd

was ghvd` lrhg Phttdifag th _hcvdrfagpthi ni 1><2)




Pfd Ear` Dra

Acde Ear`# wfh `nd` ni 2:1:# was hid hl tfhsd yhuio gdi wfh lhui` nt dasndr th

allhr` a ghthreyecd tfai a ear ni tfd ydars lhcchwnio tfd Udehi` _hrc` _ar) Ticnmd

ghst# fhwdvdr# fd gaiaod` th buy a Brhuof Uupdrnhr UU6:) Pfd bnmd fa` a sn`dearattaefd` ai` fd usd` tfns th gamd rn`nio saldr ni tfd wnitdr# but fd rh`d shch ni

suggdr) Fd oanid` ai alldetnhi lhr Brhuofs wfnef castd` a cnldtngd)

Favnio oanid` quacnfieatnhis as ai dioniddr# fd wdit hi th bunc` lragds lhr

Updd`way gaefnids= hl ehursd# KAZ dionids# acrda`y wdcc mihwi th fng tfrhuof tfd

Brhuof ehiidetnhi# wdrd fnofcy sueedssluc ni Updd`way) Ear` prhordssd` th whrmnio

hi dionids ai` by tfd 1>?:s fd fa` `dsnoid` gakhr rdpcaedgdit ehgphidits lhr

KAZ gaefnidry) Fd apprhaefd` Ihrthi &wfh hwid` tfd KAZ laethry at tfd tngd. ai`

asmd` pdrgnssnhi th usd tfd KAZ iagd hi dionids bunct usnio fns hwi eraimeasds)

_fdi pdrgnssnhi was iht lhrtfehgnio# Ear` efdemd` fns laets ai` lhui` tfat

actfhuof Ihrthi fa` bhuoft KAZ„s prdgnsds ai` dxnstnio sthems# tfd aetuac iagd was

stncc avancabcd)

Iht hicy `n` fd ihw buy tfd iagd# but fd rapn`cy bdoai th `dvdchp fns hwi

ehgpcdtd dionid) Pfd first prhthtypd ‖idw hc`„ KAZ \'twni# bunct ni tfd catd ?:s# ns

stncc ruiinio thày ni a Ghroai tfrdd'wfddcdr ai` fhc`s fncc'ecngb rdehr`s at varnhus

vdiuds)

Khnid` by fns shi @avd# Ear` bdoai th prhùed fns KAZ dionids lhr eusthgdrs

ni 1>6:# but rdganid` trud th tfd niihvatnvd dtfhs hl tfd hrnoniac ehgpaiy) Pfdsd

gh`dri dionids ldaturd suef fnof'tdef ehgphidits as edragne eycni`dr cnidrs ai`

ard avancabcd wntf ludc nikdetnhi th gddt gh`dri dgnssnhi rdoucatnhis) Ni a``ntnhi thehgpcdtd idw dionids# tfd ehgpaiy ihw prhùed ai` sdcc a raiod hl rdpcaedgdit

parts lhr darcndr KAZ ghthrs)

Achio tfd way Acde acsh bhuoft tfd rnofts th tfd Brhuof iagd) Fd shc` tfns aoani

wfdi ghidy was idd`d` lhr tfd KAZ busnidss# but iht bdlhrd fd fa` bunct fngsdcl a

rdpcnea hl tfd Bdrt Cd\aem rdehr` brdamdr hl tfd 1>2:s) Pfns bnmd ldaturds a gh`dri

KAZ \'twni dionid &hbvnhuscy. ai` a fai`'ga`d sprniodr lhrm &sdd Ochssary.# achio

wntf a gh`dri rdpcnea lragd ai` a tfrdd'spdd` Uturgdy'Arefdr typd odarbhx)

Pfd ehgpaiy fas rdeditcy aiihuied` tfd arrnvac hl ai acc'idw bhbbdr'stycd† KAZ

ghthreyecd# phwdrd` by tfdnr \'twni ai` ldaturnio a far`'tanc lragd ai` sprniodrlhrm)

† Bhbbdrs wdrd darcy eusthg bnmds ldaturnio a eut'`hwi# hr ‖bhbbd`„# rdar guòuar` ai` `nlldrlrhg tfd ghrd rdedit efhppdrs ni usnio a staiàr` lragd wntf ehivditnhiac stddrnio odhgdtry ai`

odidraccy caemnio fdavy efrhgd whrm)



Efaptdr 2

\nccndrs# Uuibdag ai` tfdGarsthi Lagncy

Ni 16>6 Khfi Garsthi was a eyecd gaiulaeturdr wntf a prhbcdg) Fd bdcndvd` ni trucy

fnof staiàr`s hl quacnty ai` fiinsf# but was uiabcd th hbtani pdàcs lhr fns gaefnids

wfnef gdt tfdsd rdqunrdgdits) Ni 16>6 fd sdit fns shi Efarcds th Agdrnea th sddm a

shcutnhi)

Pfns gay sddg dxedssnvd= fhw `nlfieuct eai nt bd th gamd pdàcs8 Garsthi„s bneyecds

fa`# lhr acghst a `dea`d# niehrphratd` fns patditd` deeditrne efani a`kustdr wfnef

usd` a ghvdabcd pdàc eraim ai` tfus acchwd` a fixd` rdar axcd) Pfd idd` th a`kust

bhtf sn`ds hl tfd axcd dquaccy# stncc a lagncnar prhbcdg lhr gaiy ghthreyecd hwidrs

thày# was dcngniatd`) By 16>6 tfd eraims wdrd fittd` wntf a bdautnluc dpneyecne

&sdd Ochssary. twh'spdd` odar ai` tfd efani was luccy diechsd` ni ai hnc batf) Pfd

gaefnids wdrd sdccnio wdcc ai` carod iugbdrs hl aeeuratdcy dioniddrd` ehgphiditswdrd uroditcy idd`d`)

Efarcds Garsthi appdars th favd lhui` wfat fd waitd` wfdi fd vnsntd` tfd firg

hl Lraiens Zratt ai` Aghs _fntidy# wfhsd ehgpaiy catdr prhvn`d` fiiaied ai` a

iagd th Lrd`drnem Rditsfcdr„s fldòcnio Zratt ai` _fntidy Anreralt Ehgpaiy) By

tfd tngd hl Garsthi„s vnsnt# Zratt ai` _fntidy„s `d`neatnhi th aeeuratd gdasurdgdit

ni dioniddrnio fa` acrda`y odidratd` sdvdrac gaefnid thhc patdits) Nt ns quntd cnmdcy

tfat tfd Agdrneais suppcnd` Garsthi wntf tfd thhcnio fd idd`d` th gamd fns bneyecd

pdàcs# but fd was edrtanicy ngprdssd` by tfd assdgbcy cnid prhùetnhi tdefinquds fd

`nsehvdrd` ni Agdrnea)Pfdrd was ih rhhg lhr tfns ni tfd dxnstnio ‖ehurtyar`„ stycd whrms ni wfnef tfd

Garsthis bunct tfdnr ‖Uuibdag„ bneyecds# ai` sh prdgnsds wdrd bhuoft ni \nccndrs Utrddt#

_hcvdrfagpthi) Pfns idw laethry was rdonstdrd` as tfd \nccndrs Eyecd Ehgphidit

Ehgpaiy ai` Efarcds Garsthi bdeagd nts Gaiaonio @nrdethr)

\nccndrs

Actfhuof hicy dnoft gdi wdrd dgpchyd` fdrd nintnaccy# tfd \nccndrs laethry# wntf nts

gh`dri dqunpgdit ai` gdtfh`s# was abcd th prhùed lar ghrd parts tfai Uuibdag

idd`d`# ai` tfd dxedss was shc` th htfdr eyecd gamdrs) \nccndrs bdeagd a snoinfieait



\nccndrs# Uuibdag ai` tfd Garsthi Lagncy

gaiulaeturdr ni nts hwi rnoft# ai` by 1>:2 tfd whrmlhred fa` ghrd tfai qua`rupcd`)

Efarcds Garsthi apphnitd` Lraim Larrdr# wfh was th bdehgd a gakhr lhred ni tfd

ehgpaiy# as aodit th sdcc tfd pdàcs)

At shgd phnit# Khfi Garsthi shc` tfd \nccndrs laethry th fns shi ai` ni 1>:2 \nccndrs

patditd` tfd bneyecd lrddwfddc) Pfdsd wdrd suef ai nistait sueedss tfat dvdry htfdrgaiulaeturdr fa` th fit tfdg th nts bneyecds ni hr`dr th sdcc tfdg= wntfni twh ydars

\nccndrs fa` sthppd` prhùenio pdàcs acthodtfdr! Pfd lrddwfddc rdganid` a gakhr

\nccndrs prhùet= ni tfd gn`'1>0:s tfdy wdrd gamnio 6:#::: daef wddm lhr sacd

whrc`wn`d)

Ni tfd ydars nggd`natdcy bdlhrd tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar# tfhuofts turid` th tfd

prhùetnhi hl pdtrhc dionids) Pfd first \nccndrs ghthreyecd dionid was ai uiusuac

‖nicdt'hvdr'dxfaust„ &NHD. 54:ee lhur'strhmd# nitrhùed` ni 1>12 &sdd Ochssary.) Pfns

fa` a bunct'ni twh'spdd` odarbhx ai` ecutef# but eyecd gamdrs ehisn`drd` nt thh

ehgpcneatd` ai` as a rdsuct nt `n` iht sdcc wdcc)

Nt was Lraim Larrdr wfh efagpnhid` tfd twh'strhmd# ni tfd laed hl ehisn`drabcd

hpphsntnhi) Gaiy dxpdrts ldct tfat twh'strhmds fa` acrda`y bddi trnd` ai` lhui` th

bd a `da` di`) But Larrdr was pdrsnstdit ai` Garsthi dvdituaccy wrhtd ai nistruetnhi

‖th hbcnod Gr Larrdr# gamd fng a twh'strhmd dionid!„

Pfns dionid was ai dxtrdgdcy sngpcd 2<>ee ghthr wntf hicy tfrdd ghvnio parts

― tfd east nrhi pnsthi# tfd ehi'rh` ai` tfd eraimsfalt ― ai` sngpcd pfhspfhr'brhizd

bdarnios lhr tfd eraimsfalt ai` sgacc di`) Hicy tfd bno di` bdidfittd` lrhg a rhccdr

bdarnio) _fdi Larrdr tdstd` tfd prhthtypd fd rdphrtd` th Garsthi tfat tfdy ehuc` sdcc

tfhusai`s hl tfdg) Pfns turid` hut th bd niehrrdet# as tfdy aetuaccy shc` abhut 2·

gnccnhi ni iugdrhus vdrsnhis hvdr a thtac prhùetnhi cnld hl sdvdrac `dea`ds)Pfd dionid was cubrneatd` usnio a fai`'hpdratd` pugp wfnef ld` hnc tfrhuof

a `rnccd` bhct nith tfd eraimeasd# wfdrd hncways cd` nt th tfd bdarnios) Uurpcus hnc

spcasfnio hith tfd eycni`dr waccs was earrnd` up th tfd ehgbustnhi efagbdr wntf tfd

niehgnio efarod hl pdtrhc(anr gnxturd)

Rdcatnvdcy ldw dionids wdrd ga`d ùrnio tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar as tfd laethry lheusd`

hi prhùenio guintnhis# but hid hutehgd lhr \nccndrs was tfd `dvdchpgdit hl a

ehgbnid` flywfddc(gaoidth uint ― snied ghst gaoidths fa` prdvnhuscy bddi ngphrtd`

lrhg Odrgaiy) Pfns idw uint was niehrphratd` nith vnrtuaccy acc subsdqudit \nccndrs

dionids)Pfd first batef# `dsnoiatd` tfd Garm 1 ni spntd hl tfd darcndr lhur'strhmd# usd`

ai acugninug dxfaust# but tfns was rdpcaed` wntf stddc hi tfd Garm 2 lrhg 1>1<

hiwar`s) Ni 1>2: tfd Garm 5 ldaturd` a idw flywfddc editrd th acchw tfd dionid th bd

usd` wntf dntfdr a sprhemdt &hi a ghthreyecd. hr a puccdy &ni statnhiary appcneatnhis.)

Dcdetrne cnoftnio was prhvn`d` lhr hi tfd Garm 0 ai` lrhg 1>22 tfd 2<>ee dionid

was rdpcaed` by a raiod hl tfrdd &10?ee# 20?ee ai` 502ee. vdry sngncar dionids) Pfd

first \nccndrs twni appdard` ni 1>2?) Pfns fa` a eapaenty hl 500ee ai` was bunct ni a

uint wntf ecutef ai` tfrdd'spdd` odarbhx) Nt acsh fa` authgatne cubrneatnhi ― ih idd`

th pugp tfd hnc!

As wntf KAZ dionids# tfd \nccndrs twh'strhmds wdrd usd` ni a lucc raiod hl appcneatnhis#

actfhuof tfdnr gani garmdt was tfd burodhinio ghthreyecd niùstry# wntf a`vdrtnsnio




dgpfasnsnio tfd cnoftidss ai` allhràbncnty hl \nccndrs'phwdrd` gaefnids) A 1>26

a`vdrt sfhwd` a whgai rn`nio a \nccndrs'dionid` gaefnid ai` a gai apparditcy

earrynio hid ui`dr fns arg# thodtfdr wntf tfd statdgdit# ‖Pwdity laghus Brntnsf

gamdrs fit \nccndrs dionids th stur`y dehihgneac ghthr eyecds)„ Nt ns nitdrdstnio tfat tfd

a`vdrt was lhr ‖\nccndrs Pwh'Utrhmds„) Uddgniocy tfdy ldct tfat tfd dionid `dfiid` tfdbnmd# acghst rdoar`cdss hl tfd eyecd gamdr)

Pfns pfnchshpfy was pdrfaps tamdi th nts choneac ehiecusnhi wntf tfd >6ee \nccndrs

Gnòdt ai` tfd Kuinhr ‖autheyecd„ dionid) \nccndrs diehuraod` varnhus gaiulaeturdrs

th `dsnoi gaefnids arhui` tfdsd dionids ai` tfd Kuinhr was tamdi up by Dxedcsnhr

&tfd Brntnsf hid= tfdrd wdrd ditnrdcy sdparatd ehgpainds usnio tfns iagd ni Agdrnea

ai` ni Odrgaiy.# Kagds# Ruòd# Ehvditry'Daocd# Lraiens'Baridtt# Pfrdd Upnrds# Uui

ai` a iugbdr hl htfdrs) Pfd iagd ‖autheyecd„ aetuaccy àtds baem th tfd bdoniinio hl

ghthreyecnio# wfdi nt was sngpcy a syihiyg lhr ‖ghthreyecd„# ai` nt survnvds ni tfns

lhrg ni tfd iagd hl tfd Auth Eyecd Tinhi ― tfd AET ― tfd ohvdrinio bh`y hl Brntnsf

Ghthreyecd sphrt) Fhwdvdr# ni tfd ydars bdtwddi tfd wars nt rdldrrd` th bneyecds wntf

auxncnary dionids ai` th tfd typd hl gaefnid ihw eaccd` a ghpd`)

Autheyecds wdrd ehisn`drd` usdluc th pdhpcd ni dssditnac sdrvneds cnmd Anr Ran`

_ar`dis ai` iursds= prhùetnhi was acchwd` th ehitniud tfrhuofhut tfd _ar) As a

rdsuct# ghthreyecds wdrd nitrhùed` th gaiy pdhpcd wfh gnoft iht htfdrwnsd favd

ehisn`drd` hwinio hid) Nt ns ecangd` tfat as gaiy as 1::#::: gay favd bddi shc` ― acc

wntf tfd rdcnabcd cnttcd \nccndrs Kuinhr dionid fittd`)

A`vdrt lhr a ghthrnzd` bneyecdphwdrd` by tfd \nccndrs Kuinhrdionid) &Ehurtdsy hl Oraed„s Oun`d.




Hvdr tfd subsdqudit ydars# \nccndrs gaiulaeturd` a carod raiod hl sgacc twh'strhmd

dionids lhr bhtf ghthreyecd ai` statnhiary appcneatnhis# but tfdy dxpai`d` tfd raiod

nith tfd carodr ai` ghrd phwdrluc di` hl tfd garmdt wntf tfd KAZ gdrodr ni 1>4?)

Ihw at cast tfdy wdrd abcd th ecang ‖khnitcy# tfd twh ehgpainds prhùed a vast raiod

hl twh'strhmd ai` lhur'strhmd pdtrhc dionids ai` lhur'strhmd `ndsdc dionids lrhg1

( 5r`

th 1< bfp)„ Ni 1><4 tfd ehgpaiy was tamdi hvdr by Gaioaidsd Brhizd Fhc`nios ai`#

thodtfdr wntf AGE# dvdituaccy bdeagd part hl Ihrthi'\nccndrs'Prnugpf) I\P wdit

nith rdednvdrsfnp ni 1>?0)

Uuibdag

_d favd acrda`y gdt Khfi Garsthi ai` sddi fhw fns pursunt hl fnof quacnty pdàcs

cd` th tfd dstabcnsfgdit hl hid hl tfd ordat dionid gaiulaeturdrs \nccndrs# but nt

sfhuc` iht bd lhrohttdi tfat as a bneyecd gamdr fd fa` acrda`y lhui`d` tfd Uuibdag

garqud)

Pfd quacnty hl tfdsd bneyecds was rdgarmabcd) Nt spraio ni carod part lrhg Khfi

Garsthi„s efaraetdr ― fd was a pdrldetnhinst ― but acsh lrhg fns hrnoniac tra`d as a

‖Kapaiidr„) Kapai bcaem ns a caequdr wfnef eai bd appcnd` `nrdetcy th gdtac surlaeds

ai` tfdi bamd` at arhui` 2::hE th prhùed a far`# ochssy bcaem fiinsf wfnef ns

fnofcy ùrabcd) Ni tfd \nethrnai dra# Kapaiinio was phpucar as a `dehratnvd ai`

far`wdarnio fiinsf lhr bhtf phttdry ai` gdtac ntdgs ai` ldw fhgds whuc` iht phssdss

shgd Kapaiid` hbkdets) As a rdsuct a tfrnvnio Kapaiinio niùstry ordw up ni tfd

_hcvdrfagpthi arda ai` nt was fdrd tfat Khfi Garsthi sdrvd` fns apprditnedsfnp attfd Kd``h whrms hl D`war` Zdrry# fngsdcl a snoinfieait fiourd ai` catdr twned Gayhr

hl _hcvdrfagpthi)

Kapaiinio was usd` as a fiinsf ni tfd darcy ear niùstry# lhr dxagpcd lhrgnio tfd

basns hl Fdiry Lhr`„s laghus bcaem Gh`dc P)

_fdi Garsthi catdr bhuoft tfd Kd``h whrms hi Zdrry„s `datf ai` bdoai th bunc` fns

bneyecds# fd iaturaccy usd` tfns dxedccdit quacnty hl bcaem fiinsf) Nt ns san` &trutfluccy hr

htfdrwnsd. tfat nt was Garsthi„s wnld Dccdi wfh iagd` tfdg ‖Uuibdag„ bdeausd hl

tfd way tfd cnoft rdfldetd` hll tfd fnof ochss surlaeds) Dvdi tfd whrms wdrd rdiagd`

‖Uuibdagcai`„)Garsthi„s gaefnids wdrd iht kust ohh` th chhm at) Uuibdag pnhiddrd` a raiod hl

gdefaineac ngprhvdgdits ai` oanid` a rdputatnhi wfnef diehuraod` cda`nio fiourds

hl tfd ày th rn`d tfdg) Unr D`war` Dcoar bhuoft twh ai` thhm tfdg baem th tfd

laethry rdoucarcy th favd tfdg ganitanid` ni pdrldet ehi`ntnhi)

Pfns was Uuibdag„s a`vdrtnsd` prhgnsd th nts eusthgdrs;

Ghst eyecd gamdrs ard ihw struoocnio th prhùed tfd Efdapdst Bneyecd) ^dt a rn`dr„s

cnld `dpdi`s# iht uphi tfd efdapidss hl fns bneyecd# but uphi nts shuiìdss) Ih

–ehgpdtntnvd prned‗ bneyecds ard ga`d at Uuibdagcai`) Eyecnsts wfh buy tfdsd

gaefnids idd`# tfdrdlhrd# bd ui`dr ih apprdfdisnhi hl bdehgnio vnetngs th tfd –war

hl prneds‗)




Pfdsd paods; A panr hl nggaeucatdcy prdpard`Uuibdags# hid hl wfnef ns tfd PP'wniinioGh`dc >:PP# sfhwnio hll Khfi Garsthi„s

supdrb ‖Kapaiid`„ bcaem fiinsf ai` tfdpatditd` ‖Cnttcd Hnc Batf„ efani easd)




Altdr ai darcy flnrtatnhi wntf phwdrd` eyecds ni wfnef a gai was mnccd` &tfhuof ih'

hid sddgs th favd rdehr`d` fns iagd.# Garsthi avhn`d` tfdg lhr gaiy ydars ai`

`nvdrsnfid` nith ear'gamnio nistda`) Fhwdvdr# a scugp ni ear sacds lhred` fng nith

bunc`nio ghthreyecds lrhg 1>12 hiwar`s# at tfd aod hl ?<# ai` lhcchwnio fns cnld'chio

tra`ntnhi# fd prhùed` fnof quacnty gaefnids# ghstcy sniocd eycni`dr# wfnef wdrd shcàs ‖Pfd Oditcdgai„s Gaefnid„)

By tfd tngd Garsthi ditdrd` tfd ghthreyecd garmdt tfd bdct ̀ rnvd dra fa` dssditnaccy

passd` ai` lrhg tfd start fns gaefnids wdrd fittd` wntf a vdrsnhi hl tfd sagd ‖cnttcd

hnc batf„ efani `rnvd acrda`y `dvdchpd` lhr Uuibdag bneyecds) Pfd first hl Garsthi„s

oditcdgdi„s ghthreyecds usd` tfd 50>ee nicdt'hvdr'dxfaust sniocd'eycni`dr dionid

wfnef was ga`d at tfd \nccndrs Utrddt whrms) Pfns 1>12 dionid was ratd` at 2¹ fp ai`

Farry Utdvdis hl AKU ghthreyecds was ehggnssnhid` by Garsthi th ̀ dsnoi nt) A gakhr

apphnitgdit was ihw ga`d at Uuibdag; Khfi Orddiwhh`# wfh fa` lhrgdrcy bddi

wntf KAZ# was tamdi hi th `dsnoi a ghthreyecd arhui` tfd Utdvdis dionid) Orddiwhh`

wdit hi th `dsnoi acghst acc subsdqudit Uuibdag dionids) Pfd hrnoniac Utdvdis 54:ee

gh`dc was `nsehitniud` ni 1>14 ai` tfns dionid snzd rdganid` absdit lrhg tfd raiod

uitnc 1>25 wfdi tfd Gh`dcs 1 ai` 2 rdvnvd` nt usnio a iarrhwdr eycni`dr bhrd ai`

ehrrdsphi`niocy chiodr strhmd ni aeehràied wntf tfd ehitdgphrary tax caws)† Pfns

whuc` bd tfd cast sn`d'vacvd 54:ee dionid lrhg Uuibdag= acc subsdqudit gh`dcs ni tfd

ecass usd` hvdrfda`'vacvd dionids)

Nt was ni 1>15 tfat Orddiwhh`„s first Uuibdag dionid appdard`) Ratd` at 5· fp#

tfns was a 0>>ee ghthr wntf a bhrd ai` strhmd hl 64 x 66 gg) Pfns bnmd can` tfd

lhuiàtnhis lhr Uuibdag„s sueedss ni tfd darcy ydars hl tfd Nscd hl Gai PP# aefndvnio a

sdehi` pcaed fiinsf ni tfd 1>10 Udinhr Raed ai` wniinio tfd Gaiulaeturdr„s Awar`)Garsthi a``d` a carodr gh`dc phwdrd` by a <'fp KAZ \'twni hl ??:ee eapaenty ai`

eapabcd hl puccnio a sn`dear) Pfns was prhùed` uitnc ̀ nlfieuctnds wntf tfd suppcy hl KAZ

dionids lhred` a efaiod th uints ga`d by AM@ ai` tfd Uwnss firg GAO ni 1>14(1<)

Pfd GAO was a scnoftcy bnoodr 6'fp `dsnoi ai` phssnbcy oavd tfd gaefnid dvdi ghrd

eapabncnty as a sn`dear puccdr)

Uuibdag wdrd abcd th rdvdrt th KAZ phwdr bdlhrd tfd di` hl tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar# but

tfns tngd tfdy efhsd tfd >><ee dionid ni hr`dr th lurtfdr difaied tfd bnmd„s suntabncnty

lhr sn`dear whrm) Pfns vdrsnhi hl tfd \'twni was prhùed` uitnc 1>25) Pfdrd was acsh

a sgaccdr 4'fp \'twni# wfnef was ga`d ùrnio tfd _ar as a shch gaefnid lhr tfdRussnai Argy# but tfns `n` iht ditdr envncnai prhùetnhi)

† Pfd `dsernptnhi hl dionids by fhrsdphwdr ratnios `dpdi`s hi a lhrguca `dvdchpd̀ by tfd RAE)

Pfns assnois ai ‖ni`neatd`„ fhrsd phwdr th daef dionid# basd` hi tfd `nagdtdr hl nts eycni`drs

ai` tfd iugbdr hl eycni`drs) Nt gamds tfrdd basne assugptnhis rdcatnio th tfd gdai prdssurd ni

tfd eycni`dr ùrnio a phwdr strhmd# tfd gdai spdd` hl a pnsthi at tfd dionid„s fnofdst rdvs ai`

tfd gdefaineac dlfiendiey hl tfd dionid) As acc tfrdd hl tfd assugd` vacuds wdrd shhi dxedd`d`

ùd th dioniddrnio a`vaieds nt lhcchws tfat aetuac bramd fhrsd phwdr shhi dxedd`d` ‖ni`neatd`

phwdr„# but tfd lhrguca survnvd` bdeausd nt fa` bddi usd` as a basns lhr vdfnecd taxatnhi ― ai` tfns

ehitniud` chio altdr tfd lhrguca bdeagd dlldetnvdcy hbshcdtd) Hl ehursd# nt acsh lhcchws tfat chio'strhmd dionids wntf iarrhw bhrds wdrd efdapdr th tax ai` sh tfd lhrguca dxdrtd` ai nifludied hi

dionid `dsnoi lhr gaiy ydars)




Nt was tfd 5·'fp ‖Utaiàr`„ gaefnid# acsh eaccd` tfd Gh`dc 5# wfnef was

nitrhùed` ni 1>14# wfnef bdeagd shgdtfnio hl a odidrac purphsd whrmfhrsd ùrnio

tfd Lnrst _hrc` _ar) Pfd Gh`dc 5# aoani wntf ai dionid `dsnoid` by Khfi Orddiwhh`#

rdganid` ni prhùetnhi uitnc 1>2< ai` by 1>2: tfdsd sn`d vacvd gaefnids wdrd

wniinio hi tfd Nscd hl Gai) As tfd `dea`d prhordssd` lurtfdr# `dvdchpgdit ui`drrn`drs suef as Odhrod @aied ai` Orafag _acmdr ga`d Uuibdag hid hl tfd ghst

sueedssluc garquds= tfdnr bnmds wdrd edrtanicy a gatef lhr aiytfnio dcsd tfdi raenio)

Pfdy whi dvdits as `nvdrsd as tfd Tcstdr Orai` Zrnx# tfd Bhc @„Hr# tfd Ntacnai Orai`

Zrnx ai` tfd Uhutfphrt Rhuof Rn`drs Prnac# gaiy hl tfdsd hi sdvdrac heeasnhis# ai`

sdt iugdrhus stai`nio'start ai` flynio'start spdd` rdehr`s)

Pfd Chiostrhmd Gh`dc < was onvdi a sueedssluc ‖tdst rui„ by Acdxai`dr Bdiidtt ni

wniinio tfd 1>21 Lrdief Orai` Zrnx at Utrasbhuro# ai` wdit nith prhùetnhi tfd

lhcchwnio ydar) Pfd bnmd# wfhsd ?? x 1:4)4'gg 0>2ee dionid was tfd lastdst sniocd'

eycni`dr sn`d'vacvd `dsnoi hl nts ày# bdeagd tfd cast sn`d'vacvd'dionid` gaefnid th

wni tfd Udinhr PP wfdi Bdiidtt rh`d nt th vnethry ni 1>22) Nt was th rdgani a fixturd

ni tfd Uuibdag eatachoud lhr tfd idxt 1? ydars) Pfd hrnoniac flat taim was efaiod`

th a sa``cd typd achio wntf htfdr stycnstne efaiods bdlhrd NEN bhuoft hut Uuibdag

ni 1>2>) At tfns phnit nt oanid` tfd gh`dc iagd ‖Cnhi„ ai` tfd NEN Cnhi choh hi nts

taim) Pfd Chiostrhmd Cnhi ehitniud` ni gaiulaeturd dvdi altdr tfd AGE tamdhvdr

hl 1>5?)

Pfd Gh`dc 0 was sfhrt'cnvd`# rdganinio hi sacd lhr hicy a cnttcd hvdr twh ydars#

spaiinio tfd pdrnh` 1>20'2<) Pfns was a <::ee bnmd usnio tfd eyecd parts hl tfd

Utaiàr` gh`dc ai` a 4><ee dionid `dvdchpd` lhr tfd 1>22 Gh`dc ?) Pfd Gh`dc ?

ntsdcl rdtanid` tfd Utaiàr` gh`dc„s 64'gg bhrd# but dxtdi`d` tfd strhmd th gateftfd 1:4)4 gg hl tfd Chiostrhmd) Pfns oavd a eapaenty hl 4><ee ai` nt rdpcaed` tfd

KAZ \'twni as tfd ehgpaiy„s sn`dear'puccnio gaefnid) Pfd Gh`dc ? oanid` lagd &hr

ihthrndty8. lhr rdtaninio a flat taim chio altdr acc htfdr gamdrs fa` ghvd` hi th sa``cd

taims) Pfd flat taim Gh`dc ? aetuaccy was rdtanid` wdcc nith tfd 1>5:s# by wfnef tngd

nt gust favd chhmd` vdry hc` lasfnhid`) Nt was fiiaccy rdpcaed` by tfd sa``cd taimd`

Gh`dc ?A# wfnef was acsh mihwi as tfd <::ee Cnhi) Pfns was prhùed` uitnc 1>0:#

by wfnef tngd tfd basne `dsnoi was apprhaefnio 2: ydars hc`)

Khfi Orddiwhh`„s hrnoniac ‖squard strhmd„ dionid &64 x 66 gg. fa` oanid` a

snoinfieait lhcchwnio aghio rn`drs wntf nts sphrty pdrlhrgaied= tfd Gh`dc 4 CnoftUhch hl 1>25 was nitdi`d` acsh th appdac th tfdsd rn`drs) Nt ldaturd` tfd cnoft lragd

hl tfd Chiostrhmd ehgbnid` wntf tfd Utaiàr`„s 0>>ee PP'wniinio dionid ai` was

prhùed` uitnc 1>2<)

Lhcchwnio tfd AGE tamdhvdr ni Udptdgbdr 1>5?# Uuibdag ghthreyecds wdrd

prhùed` lhr a ldw ydars ni Chi`hi lrhg _hcvdrfagpthi'ga`d parts) AGE acsh bunct

tfdnr hwi bnmds basd` hi prdvnhus Uuibdag `dsnois uitnc tfd Udehi` _hrc` _ar put a

sthp th envncnai prhùetnhi) Pfd Uuibdag iagd ai` tra`dgarms wdrd shc` th BUA ni

1>05 ai` gaiy ditfusnasts rdoar` tfns as tfd di` hl tfd trud Garsthi(Uuibdag cnid)

Idvdrtfdcdss# tfd nggd`natd phstwar ydars saw BUA(Uuibdag aiihuied a idw

06?ee gh`dc basd` hi ai ni'cnid twni dionid wntf ai nitdorac lhur'spdd` odarbhx) Pfns

bnmd# th bd mihwi as tfd U?# appdard` th bhast vnrtuaccy dvdrytfnio tfat tfd prd'war




ghthreyecnio pubcne fa` bddi asmnio lhr ― sfalt `rnvd# hvdrfda` eags# a pcuiodr'typd

spruio rdar di` ― ni laet# ni a``ntnhi th suef tfnios# a thtac hl tfnrty idwcy patditd`

ldaturds wdrd hi sfhw)

^dt shgdfhw tfd idw bnmd sddgd` a bnt thh guef cnmd a ear) Edrtanicy tfd `dsnoi

sddgd` th favd hrnoniatd` hi tfd `rawnio bhar` hl a ear `dsnoidr# ai` tfd pubcnefdsntatd` th rusf hut ai` buy nt) Pfd U? was fdavy ai`# at 20 bfp# ui`drphwdrd`)

As a rdsuct nt fa` a thp spdd` hl hicy kust hvdr ?: gpf) A sphrts vdrsnhi was

prhgnsd`# but nt ldcc lhuc hl hid hl tfd patditd` idw U? ldaturds) Hwnio th tfd

chw phsntnhi hl tfd odarbhx hutput sfalt# tfd `rnvd th tfd rdar wfddc was by ai

ui`drscuio whrg odar) _hrgs favd tfdnr pcaed ni dioniddrnio hl ehursd &gh`dc

tranis ai` shgd stanrcnlts sprnio th gni`!.# but tfdy ihrgaccy favd chw ratnhs ai`

`h iht cdi` tfdgsdcvds wdcc th fnof'spdd` appcneatnhis) Ni ai attdgpt th hvdrehgd

tfns cngntatnhi# tfd Uuibdag `dsnoidrs fa` nitrhùed` a strhio smdw th tfd tddtf

hl tfd rhccdr ai` tfns cd` th nierdasd` lrnetnhi) Dvdi ni tfd mni` hl thurnio usd lhr

wfnef tfd U? was suntd`# tfns fiiac `rnvd uint rai fht ai` wfdi tfd phwdr was

nierdasd` nt whrd at ai uiaeedptabcd ratd) Nistda` hl swntefnio th a ghrd ehivditnhiac

`rnvd# Uuibdag `den`d` tfat tfd sphrts prhkdet was ngpraetneac ai` nt was sngpcy

abai`hid`)

Ni nts hrnoniac lhrg# tfd U? dionid fa` bddi bhctd` ̀ nrdetcy th tfd lragd ai` dxtrdgd

vnbratnhi fa` alflnetd` tfd prhùetnhi gh`dcs) Nt fas bddi suoodstd` tfat tfns was

iht pnemd` up ni `dvdchpgdit tdstnio sngpcy bdeausd tfd `dvdchpgdit bnmds wdrd

gaiulaeturd` th echsdr thcdraieds) Ph hvdrehgd tfd prhbcdg# rubbdr ghuitnios wdrd

Pfd Uuibdag U6# sfhwnio tfd fldxnbcd sdetnhi hl dxfaust pnpd wfnef was a``d` th pdrgnt tfddionid th ghvd hi nts rubbdr ghuitnios) Pfd gani `nlldrdied bdtwddi tfd U6 ai` tfd darcndr

U? ns tfd usd hl ehivditnhiac BUA lhrms ai` a staiàr` snzd tyrd th rdpcaed tfd ‖lat„ tyrd usd`hi tfd U?)




a``d` at ai darcy staod# but tfns gdait tfat tfd dionid ehuc` ghvd rdcatnvd th tfd lragd

ai` sh a sfhrt fldxnbcd sdetnhi fa` th bd a``d` th tfd dxfaust) Pfns ‖whrmarhui`„

gdasurd was rdtanid` tfrhuofhut tfd cnld hl tfd U?(6 gh`dcs)

Pfd U6 gh`dc was nitrhùed` ni 1>0>) Pfns wdnofd` snoinfieaitcy cdss tfai tfd U? as

tfd lrhit lhrms fa` bddi rdpcaed` wntf tfhsd lrhg tfd BUA A1: &Uuibdag gaefnidswdrd by tfns tngd bdnio ga`d ni tfd BUA whrms at Rd``ntef.) Pfd U?„s tdcdsehpne lhrms

fa` bddi hl ai uiusuac cayhut) Pfd fy`raucne àgpnio gdefainsgs wdrd nisn`d tfd

lhrm cdos ni tfd ehivditnhiac way but tfd sprnios wdrd pcaed` ni a sdparatd fhusnio

abhvd tfd lrhit wfddc) As ai a``ntnhiac diehuraodgdit th phtditnac buydrs# tfd U6

was acsh £5: efdapdr tfai tfd U? ― ai apprdenabcd aghuit ni 1>0>) But ni spntd hl

suef ghvds# tfd U6 idvdr rdaccy shc` ni tfd iugbdrs wfnef whuc` favd odidratd`

ditfusnasg at BUA# ai` actfhuof prhùetnhi ehitniud` uitnc 1>4<# tfdrd was th bd

ih U>)

Pfd Ehccndrs# acrda`y hwidrs hl Gatefcdss# a``d` AKU th tfdnr phrtlhcnh ni 1>51

ai` bhuoft Uuibdag ni 1>5?) Pfd ehgpaiy was rdiagd` Agacoagatd` Ghthreyecds

Cngntd` ai` tfns was lurtfdr gh`nfid` th Asshenatd` Ghthreyecds &AGE. tfd

lhcchwnio ydar) Nitdrdstniocy# ai` prdsugabcy as ai attdgpt th ganitani a `nstnietnhi

bdtwddi tfd twh garquds# tfd Kapaiid` bcaem ai` ohc` fiinsf wfnef fa` bddi tfd

faccgarm hl Uuibdag gaefnids snied Kagds Garsthi„s ày ehitniud` th bd usd` hi

AKU gaefnids# but was iht traisldrrd` th Gatefcdss gh`dcs) Pfd pfhthorapf sfhws

a 4::ee Gatefcdss O4: ni nts typneac rd` panitwhrm) Ehgpard tfns gaefnid wntf tfd

54:ee AKU ?R sddi hi paods 122(5)

Pfd 4::ee Gatefcdss O4: ns vnrtuaccy n`ditneac th tfd AKU ?R ni acc but ehchur)



Efaptdr 5

Pfd Ghthreyecd asa Raenio Gaefnid

Ih sthry hl tfns mni` eai bd ehgpcdtd wntfhut ehisn`dratnhi hl tfd ngphrtaied hl

raenio# bhtf lhr `dvdchpgdit ai` as a`vdrtnsnio) Ih raed fas bddi as nifluditnac

tfrhuofhut vnrtuaccy tfd ditnrd sthry hl ghthreyecnio as tfd Nscd hl Gai Phurnst

Prhpfy ― ‖tfd PP„# achio wntf nts agatdur partidr# tfd Gaix Orai` Zrnx) Lrhg tfd

darcndst bdoniinios hl tfd PP ni 1>:4# gaefnids wfnef whi tfd PP wdrd sueedssluc

gaefnids# ai` laethrnds wfnef whi tfd PP shc` ghthrbnmds) Pfd raeds ih chiodr favd

_hrc` Efagpnhisfnp status ùd th tfd sdvdrnty ai` àiodr hl tfd Ghuitani Ehursd#

but raedrs stncc qudud lhr ditrnds ― tfdrd wdrd hvdr snxty ehgpdtnthrs ni tfd Idwehgdrs

raed at tfd 2:12 GOZ lhr dxagpcd) Ni`dd`# ih cdss a pdrshi tfai Gurray _acmdr

&wfhsd latfdr Orafag fngsdcl whi filtddi sncvdr rdpcneas ni tfd dvdit. fas `dsernbd`

tfd PP as tfd ordatdst ghthrsphrt dvdit hl aiy mni` ni tfd whrc`) Aiy ghthreyecnstrdldrrnio sngpcy th ‖tfd nscai`„ wncc dxpdet th bd ui`drsthh`# ai` nt lhcchws tfat gaiy

PP ai` GOZ wniidrs eai bd lhui` ni tfdsd paods)

Pfdrd ard a vdry carod iugbdr hl prnzds th bd whi by tfhsd wfh àrd th raed hi tfd

Nscd hl Gai Ghuitani Ehursd) Gaiy pdhpcd ai` hroainsatnhis favd di`hwd` awar`s)

Pfdrd ard prnzds lhr idwehgdrs# cheac rn`drs# hc`dr rn`drs ai` ghrd) A fiinsfdr„s gdàc

ns ai fhihur ni ntsdcl ai` gaiy ehgpdtnthrs ard satnsfid` th aefndvd hid) Utartnio a

Gaix Orai` Zrnx raed ditntcds tfd rn`dr th cnld gdgbdrsfnp hl tfd Gaix Orai` Zrnx

Rn`drs Asshenatnhi)

At tfd ‖sfarp di`„ hl tfd seacd ns tfd PP Udinhr Prhpfy# a trucy gaoinfiedit ehchssusni sncvdr) Lnrst awar`d` th Efarcnd Ehccndr ni 1>:?# tfd trhpfy earrnds tfd iagd hl

Khsdpf tfd Garquns `d Ghuznccy Ut Gars# wfh hrnoniaccy suoodstd` tfd dstabcnsfgdit

hl tfd raed ai` `hiatd` tfd Ntacnai'`dsnoid` 1:6'eg'tacc trhpfy) Nt was aetuaccy 2:

eg sfhrtdr ni 1>:?# but fas fa` th bd dxtdi`d` th aeehgghàtd ghrd sfndc`s lhr tfd

wniidrs„ iagds) Dvdry Udinhr wniidr ns tfdrd ai` a lurtfdr dxtdisnhi wncc shhi bd

idd`d`!

Pfd trhpfy ns gh`dccd` hi tfd Ghitaoud Prhpfy# wfnef was awar`d` th tfd wniidr

hl tfd Phurnst Prhpfy lhr ears# a raed wfnef prdàtd` tfd ghthreyecd dvdit by a ldw

ydars) Pfd pcnitf ns surghuitd` by a sncvdr gh`dc rdprdsditnio Gdreury stai`nio hi

a wniod` wfddc ai` tfd ditnrd trhpfy wdnofs acghst 20 mo) Ihwaàys tfd trhpfy ns

nisurd` lhr £1)4 gnccnhi ai` ns mdpt pdrgaiditcy hi tfd Nscd hl Gai) Pfns was iht



Pfd Ghthreyecd as a Raenio Gaefnid

Abhvd; Aetnhi at tfd PP) Eagdrhi @hiac`cda`s fns tdag'gatd Brued Aistdy hll tfdghuitani)

Rnoft; Gaixgai @ai Middi `nspcays fns

sncvdr rdpcnea awar`d` lhr a filtf pcaed fiinsfni tfd 2:1: Uupdrsphrt PP) At tfd tngd hl wrntnio @ai ns tfd hicy rn`dr dvdr th favdwhi tfrdd Gaix Orai` Zrnx raeds ni tfdsagd ydar)

acways tfd easd= baem ni tfd 1>5:s# lhr dxagpcd# tfd wniidr was acchwd` th mddp tfd

trhpfy lhr a ydar# wfnef gdait tfat lhcchwnio a Odrgai wni lhr Odhro Gdndr ni 1>5>

tfd trhpfy cdlt tfd nscai` lhr tfd `uratnhi hl tfd Udehi` _hrc` _ar) Nts wfdrdabhuts

wdrd uimihwi lhr a tngd ai` nt was dvdituaccy `nsehvdrd` hi `nspcay ni a \ndiidsdsfhp) Pfd wniinio laethry BG_ lard` whrsd# fhwdvdr# spdi`nio tfd war burnd` ni

a fidc`!

Uncvdr rdpcneas hl tfd trhpfy ard awar`d` th rn`drs wfh fiinsf wntfni 1:4 pdr edit hl

tfd wniidr„s tngd ai` brhizd rdpcneas oh th tfhsd fiinsfnio wntfni 11: pdr edit)

Pfd PP fas bddi rui lhr ghrd tfai 1:: ydars# ai` lhr a lucc editury tfd sagd ehursd

fas bddi usd`) Prud# nt fas bddi fuodcy upora`d` hvdr tfd ydars ― wfat rha` fasi„t8

― but nt lhcchws tfd sagd 5?¹'gncd rhutd tfrhuof thwis ai` vnccaods# achio ehuitry

caids ai` hvdr ‖tfd ghuitani„) Uiadldcc stai`s 2#:50 lddt &<21 gdtrds. abhvd sda cdvdc

ai` tfd ehursd passds echsd by tfd suggnt) Hicy hid sgacc 0::'yar` sdetnhi hl tfd

ehursd at tfd vdry di` hl tfd cap ns ih chiodr usd` lhr dvdry`ay tralfie# ai` at tfd tngd

hl wrntnio &2:12. tfd cap rdehr` stai`s th Khfi GeOunidss at 1? gniutds 12)5 sdehi`s




― ai avdraod spdd` hl kust hvdr 151 gpf) Pfhsd wfh ehgpdtd ard aghio tfd bravdst

sphrtsgdi ai` whgdi ni tfd whrc`# ai` aiy bnmd wfnef ehgpcdtds a snx'cap raed fas

bddi tdstd` th ai dxtrdgd `dordd)

_ntf ai dyd th tfd luturd# tfdrd ns ihw a raed lhr dcdetrne gaefnids at tfd PP# ai`

tfd 1::'gpf cap fas acrda`y bddi aefndvd` ni tfns dvdit)

Pfd vndw hvdr Ragsdy lrhg tfd garsfaccnio phst at tfd Outfrnd ghiugdit) Eai tfdrd bd aghrd bdautnluc raed enreunt aiywfdrd8



ECAUUNE BRNPNUFGHPHRE^ECDU

Avancabcd ihw lrhg Lhitfncc Gd`na

_ni bhhms wntf LHIPFNCC) Ehiidet wntf us hi;

l laedbhhm t twnttdr P tugbcr a agazhi








































-5ň):($ň5(ň:$!ň)1.#$ň:ň:(ň!%+++%Ĕň

$4ň+ě:ň-):-+ň1&ň:$!ň-)%+&ň"!:$!)!ň

").!ăň:$!ň((ň-"ň:$!ň&!%!+)4ň+0ň-):-+Ĕ

$:!2!)ň$##!+!ň:-ň:$!ň.%$:4ňĔččč

+$56</

classic british motorcycles

Documents