class aves the birds. general characteristics all members are homeotherms all members are...
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Class AvesClass Aves
the Birdsthe Birds
General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics All members are homeotherms All members are homeotherms
They can maintain a constant body They can maintain a constant body temperaturetemperature
aka: warm blooded, endothermaka: warm blooded, endotherm Body covered by waterproof feathersBody covered by waterproof feathers
Feathers are coated in oil to repel waterFeathers are coated in oil to repel water Helps maintain body temperatureHelps maintain body temperature
Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a significant part of their lives at sea and significant part of their lives at sea and feed on marine organismsfeed on marine organisms Have webbed feetHave webbed feet Only 3% of all birds are sea birdsOnly 3% of all birds are sea birds
Have a four chambered heartHave a four chambered heart All internal anatomy is the same as yoursAll internal anatomy is the same as yours
PenguinsPenguins Most adapted to life at Most adapted to life at
seasea Wings are modified Wings are modified
into flippers and no into flippers and no longer allow for flightlonger allow for flight
Bones are denser to Bones are denser to decrease buoyancydecrease buoyancy
Vision is adapted to Vision is adapted to seeing underwaterseeing underwater
Most live in Antarctica, Most live in Antarctica, South Pole, southern South Pole, southern tip of South Americatip of South America
Feed on large krill and Feed on large krill and small fishsmall fish
PelicansPelicans
Characterized by Characterized by webbing between webbing between all their toesall their toes
Have a large pouch Have a large pouch under their mouthsunder their mouths Used to scoop large Used to scoop large
amounts of water amounts of water and fish into the and fish into the mouthmouth
Gulls and ShorebirdsGulls and Shorebirds Make-up the majority Make-up the majority
of seabirdsof seabirds Act as scavengers and Act as scavengers and
predatorspredators Only shorebirds do Only shorebirds do
not have webbed feet. not have webbed feet. They feed by wading They feed by wading in the water; eat in the water; eat worms, mollusks, worms, mollusks, crustaceanscrustaceans
Can live in inland Can live in inland waters as well as the waters as well as the oceanocean
Class MammaliaClass Mammalia
the Mammalsthe Mammals
General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics Evolved about 200 million years agoEvolved about 200 million years ago All members are warm bloodedAll members are warm blooded Body is covered in hairBody is covered in hair
Whales have hair – just not a lotWhales have hair – just not a lot All mammals are viviparousAll mammals are viviparous
This means that they give birth to live youngThis means that they give birth to live young No “eggs” are involvedNo “eggs” are involved aka placental because the young is nourished aka placental because the young is nourished
internally by a placentainternally by a placenta All mammals nurse their young with All mammals nurse their young with
mammary glandsmammary glands Young are generally well cared for – raised Young are generally well cared for – raised
by the parents for years after birthby the parents for years after birth Brain is large and complexBrain is large and complex
Seals, Sea lions and Seals, Sea lions and WalrusesWalruses
These are marine mammals that have These are marine mammals that have flippers for swimming but also need to be flippers for swimming but also need to be near land to rest and sleepnear land to rest and sleep
In the order In the order pinnipedspinnipeds Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and
bearsbears Are all active carnivoresAre all active carnivores Bodies are streamlined for swimmingBodies are streamlined for swimming Most live in cold water and have blubber – Most live in cold water and have blubber –
fat to keep them warmfat to keep them warm
SealsSeals The largest group of The largest group of
pinnipedspinnipeds Characterized by rear Characterized by rear
flippers that cannot be flippers that cannot be moved forwardmoved forward Move on land by Move on land by
pulling themselves pulling themselves forward with their forward with their front flippersfront flippers
Males can weight up to 4 Males can weight up to 4 tonstons Equivalent to 5 Chevy Equivalent to 5 Chevy
Silverado'sSilverado's have been hunted for meat have been hunted for meat
and oil from the blubberand oil from the blubber
Sea LionsSea Lions
Characterized by Characterized by having ear flapshaving ear flaps
Can walk on land Can walk on land with all four with all four flippersflippers
WalrusWalrus
Characterized by Characterized by tuskstusks
Feeds mostly on Feeds mostly on invertebratesinvertebrates
Sea OtterSea Otter The sea otter is the The sea otter is the
smallest marine smallest marine mammalmammal
lack blubberlack blubber Keep warm by air Keep warm by air
trapped in thick furtrapped in thick fur Spend most if not all Spend most if not all
of their life in the of their life in the waterwater
Live in and around Live in and around kelp forestskelp forests
Order: CarnivoraOrder: Carnivora
Whales and DolphinsWhales and Dolphins These animals have made the most These animals have made the most
complete transition to the seacomplete transition to the sea Order: CetaceaOrder: Cetacea Thought to have evolved from cowsThought to have evolved from cows Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear
limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke)limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke) Nostrils have evolved into a single Nostrils have evolved into a single
blowhole on the top of the headblowhole on the top of the head Whales feed using baleen to filter waterWhales feed using baleen to filter water
Same material as our hairSame material as our hair Baleen whales are the largest animals in the Baleen whales are the largest animals in the
worldworld
Whales and Dolphins Whales and Dolphins cont.cont.
The rest of the group are considered The rest of the group are considered toothedtoothed This means that they have teeth and most act This means that they have teeth and most act
as predatorsas predators Includes dolphins and killer whalesIncludes dolphins and killer whales
All whales and dolphins are protected All whales and dolphins are protected against capture and hunting by against capture and hunting by industrialized nationsindustrialized nations Non-industrialized nations and native Non-industrialized nations and native
Americans are allowed to take a certain Americans are allowed to take a certain number of whales a year for foodnumber of whales a year for food
DolphinsDolphins technically considered technically considered
toothed whalestoothed whales All members have All members have
blunted noses and are blunted noses and are smaller than what we smaller than what we usually think of as usually think of as whaleswhales
Highly playful and Highly playful and often seen in large often seen in large groups called podsgroups called pods
Use echolocation, a Use echolocation, a type of sonar based on type of sonar based on hearinghearing
Interesting BiologyInteresting Biology Can reach speeds of 40 mph in the oceanCan reach speeds of 40 mph in the ocean Can stay submerged up to 1 hourCan stay submerged up to 1 hour
Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that are not necessary to stay aliveare not necessary to stay alive
Heart rate decreases Heart rate decreases Can dive to a depth of 1,900 feetCan dive to a depth of 1,900 feet Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey
and other members of the same speciesand other members of the same species Produce sound waves that bounce off an objectProduce sound waves that bounce off an object
Interesting Biology cont.Interesting Biology cont.
Dolphins are only one of three mammals Dolphins are only one of three mammals that we wage war on its own speciesthat we wage war on its own species Humans and monkeys are the othersHumans and monkeys are the others Thought of as a sign of intelligenceThought of as a sign of intelligence
Live in huge groups with complex social Live in huge groups with complex social hierarchieshierarchies
Migrate huge distances to find food and Migrate huge distances to find food and breeding groundsbreeding grounds Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall
and spring between Mexico and Alaskaand spring between Mexico and Alaska