class 140 test 1
TRANSCRIPT
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TEST 1
1. Heritage: (heirs, heiress, successor) Latin heirs cultural pass to future, property pass to
son. Refers to something inherited from the past.
Inheritance: of what? Of physical goods after the death of an individual; of the physical or
non-physical things inherited
Image: the glory that was Greece and Rome Status of women.
Reality: Good (art, literature, democracy), bad( social status of women)
Applies to both individual and society . Also neutral inheritance (anger)
2. Education: root e/ducere= to lead out, to think outside the box
Girls stay at home with mother.
3. Minoan: (3000-1600) First civilization of Greek prehistory
Based on Island of Crete.
a Bronze Age civilization
It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of the BritisharchaeologistArthur Evans.(1900)
Nota Bene: up to now, the story of early Minoan culture has been isolated from the rest ofGreece.
4. Crete: is the largest and most populous of theGreek islands and thefifth largest island in
theMediterranean Sea. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greecewhile retaining its own local cultural traits. Crete was the centre of the Minoan civilization (c.
27001420 BC), the earliest "high culture"civilization inEurope, which built the first palaces in
Europe.
5. King Minos of Crete: son of Zeus and Europa. Minos prays to Poseidon out of gratitude.Minos is amazed, but finds the bull too impressive to slaughter. Every year he made King
Aegeus pick seven men and seven women to go toDaedalus' creation, thelabyrinth, to be eatenby TheMinotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades.
6. Queen Pasiphae: gave birth to the monster Minotaur and was also the mother of Ariadne
and Phaedra. She was the daughter of the sun-god Helios and the wife of Minos king of Crete.
Pasiphae is the name means 'all shining' related to Greek7. Androgeus (Minos son/athlete): Minoss son Androgeus competes and win in the
Panathenaic Games. King Aegeus of Athens sends Androgeus to fight the bull of marathon- he
dies. Minos demands restitution: Athens must send seven young men and seven young women
every year to Minos in order to be slain by ungodly Minotaur, the tradition continued until
Theseus killed the Minotaur.
8. Bull of Marathon: For the Greeks, the bull was strongly linked tothe Bull of Crete:
Theseusof Athens had to capture the ancient sacred bull ofMarathon (the "Marathonian bull")
before he faced the Bull-man, the Minotaur(Greek for"Bull of Minos"), whom the Greeks
imagined as a man with the head of a bull at the center of the labyrinth. Minotaur was fabled to
be born of the Queen and a bull, bringing the king to build the labyrinth to hide his family's
shame. Living in solitude made the boy wild and ferocious, unable to be tamed or beaten. Earlier
Minoan frescos andceramics depictbull - leaping rituals in which participants of both sexes
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vaulted over bulls by grasping their horns. YetWalter Burkert's constant warning is, "It is
hazardous to project Greek tradition directly into the Bronze age"; only one Minoan image of a
bull-headed man has been found, a tinyseal currently held in the Archaeological Museum of
Chania.
9. Theseus: champion of children. Hewas the son of the king of Athens,Aegeus andAethra.
He had been educated by his grandfather, Pittheus at Troezen, and at age sixteen, he dedicated
his forelocks to the Delian Apollo.
10. Ariadne: helps Theseus defeat the Minotaur and comes with genius idea and great idea
symbolize human over beast.
11. Arthur Evans: discovery of Minoan civilization (1900)
12. Heinrich shliemann: was a German businessman and amateur archaeologist, and an
advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works ofHomer. Schliemann was an
archaeological excavator of Troy, along with the Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiryns. Hiswork lent weight to the idea that Homer's Iliad and Virgil's Aeneid reflect actual historical
events.
13. Linear A: one of two scripts used in ancient Crete before Mycenaean Greek Linear B;Cretan hieroglyphs is the second script. In Minoan times, before the Mycenaean Greek
dominion, Linear A was the official script for the palaces and religious activities, and
hieroglyphs were mainly used on seals. These three scripts were discovered and named by
Arthur Evans.Linear A seems to have been used as a completesyllabary around 19001800 BC,although several signs appear earlier as mason marks. It is possible that the Trojan Linear A
scripts that were discovered byHeinrich Schliemann and one inscription from central Crete, as
well as a few similar potters' marks from Lahun, Egypt (12th dynasty), come from an earlierperiod, ca. 21001900 BC, which coincides with the construction of the first palaces.
14. Linear B: In 1952,Michael Ventris discovered that Linear B is the early form ofGreekthat
is now known asMycenaean. It is asyllabic script that was used for writingMycenaean Greek,
an early form ofGreek.Linear B has roughly 200 signs, divided into syllabic signs with phoneticvalues andideograms with semantic values.
15. Michael Ventris: was an English architect and classical scholar who, along with JohnChadwick, was responsible for thedecipherment ofLinear B. He mentioned and decided human
being.
16. Thera: is island. The Minoan eruption ofThera, also referred to as the Thera eruption or
Santorini eruption, was a major catastrophic volcanic eruption. The eruption was one of thelargest volcanic events on Earth in recordedhistory. The eruption devastated the island of Thera
(also called Santorini), including theMinoan settlement atAkrotiri, as well as communities and
agricultural areas on nearby islands and on the coast ofCrete.
17. Akrotiri south part of thera: is the name of an excavation site of a MinoanBronze Age
settlement on the Greek island of Santorini, associated with the Minoan civilization due toinscriptions in Linear A, and close similarities in artifact and fresco styles. The excavation is
named for a modern Greek village situated on a hill nearby. The name of the site in antiquity is
unknown. Akrotiri was buried by the widespreadTheran eruption in the middle of the second
millennium BC (during theLate Minoan IA period); as a result, like theRoman ruins ofPompeii
after it, it is remarkably well-preserved.
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18. West house: the mansion known as west house or house of admiral at Akrotiri, thera, was
excavated by spirydon marinatos. It is unique painting.
19. Miniature fresco: one of the important monuments of Aegean art found, decorate room 5.
20. Anemospilia (Minoan site of human sacrifice) the archaeological site of an ancient
Minoan temple onCrete.Anemospilia means 'caves of the wind'. It is in the foot hills of Mount
Juktas, the legendary birthplace of Zeus. Anemospilia was first excavated in 1979 by J.Sakellarakis. The temple was destroyed by a volcanic eruption from Thera and the resultingearthquakes. The temple was found in a ruined state with stone walls only reaching hip height.
Traces of ash and charcoal were found on the ground, and from this, one can postulate that the
building was burnt down.the reason for the dead man on the altar was probably for human sacrifice. The priest and
townsfolk would have noticed the increased activity of Mount Thera, and decided that to please
the gods, they must perform a human sacrifice, and this also tells us why the victim was
somewhat young, because an older sacrifice would not have been as pleasing to the gods as a
younger one. The fact that the temple was burned shows that during the ceremony, an earthquake
struck and knocked candles over, making the wooden walls catch alight, the blood from the bodywas half drained, and so when the body caught fire, half of the bones turned black, and the other
half turned white.
21. Mycenaean:
as with minoan civilization, a political culture.
the mycenaean aslso had language, called linear B.
Also relegated to administrative affairs: indecipherable until 1950s, Michael Ventris
deciphered linear B in 1953 age 30.
So here, too we must reply on picture.
but they are different in this case.
in general more war-oriented Mycenaean age (1600-1150)
people ruled by powerful kings
build strongly fortified palaces.
stereotype
mycenaean = belligerent , minoan = peaceful.
22. Dark Age: almost completely ignore it
The Greek Dark Age or Ages (ca. 1200 BC800 BC) are terms which have regularly been used
to refer to the period of Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the
Mycenaean Palatial civilization around 1200 BC, to the first signs of theGreekcity - states in the
9th century BC. These terms are gradually going out of use, since the former lack of
archaeological evidence in a period that was mute in its lack of inscriptions (thus "dark") has
been shown to be an accident of discovery rather than a fact of history.
The archaeological evidence shows a widespread collapse of Bronze Age civilization in the
eastern Mediterranean world at the outset of the period, as the great palaces and cities of the
Mycenaeans were destroyed or abandoned. Around this time, the Hittite civilization suffered
serious disruption and cities fromTroy toGaza were destroyed. Following the collapse, fewer
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and smaller settlements suggest famine and depopulation. In Greece theLinear B writing of the
Greek language used by Mycenaean bureaucrats ceases.
23. Sea peoples:
TheSea Peoples were a confederacy of naval raiders who harried the coastal towns andcities of
the Mediterranean region between approximately 1276-1178 BCE, concentrating their efforts
especially onEgypt. The nationality of theSea Peoples remains a mystery as the only records we
have of their activities are mainly Egyptian sources who only describe them in terms of battle
(such as the record from the Stele at Tanis which reads, in part, They came from the sea in their
warships and none could stand against them). Names of what may have been the tribes which
comprised the Sea Peoples have been recorded as the Sherden, the Sheklesh, Lukka, Tursha and
Akawasha. Outside Egypt, they also frequently assaulted the coastal regions of the Hittite
Empire, theLevant and other areas around the Mediterranean coast. Their origin and identity has
been suggested (and debated) to be Etruscan/Trojan to Italian, Philistine, Mycenaen and even
Minoan but, as no accounts discovered thus far shed any more light on the question than what is
presently known, any such claims must remain mere conjecture.24. Lion Gate: The Lion Gate of Mycenae was the entrance to the city. Atop the gate, two lions
rampant are carved in stone relief. Similar bas-reliefs of two lions rampant facing each other are
found in a number of places in Phrygia in Asia Minor.
25. Cyclopean walls: protection from enemies. The characteristic of the Mycenaean walls is
that they are made of huge limestone boulders, which have been fitted together rather roughly.
As these boulders are very big in size, the ancient people believed that it was the Cyclops who
built these gates, as the thought it impossible for men to move such big rocks. That is why these
walls were named Cyclopean Walls.
26. Daedalus: meaning "cunning worker". He was a skillful craftsman and artisan. Daedalus is
first mentioned byHomeras the creator of a wide dancing-ground forAriadne. He also createdtheLabyrinth onCrete, in which theMinotaur(part man, part bull) was kept.
27. Minotaur: as theGreeks imagined him, was a creature with the head of abull on the body
of a man[1] or, as described by Roman poetOvid, "part man and part bull".[2] He dwelt at the
center of theCretan Labyrinth, which was an elaboratemaze-like construction[3] designed bythe architectDaedalus and his sonIcarus, on the command ofKing Minos ofCrete The Minotaur
was eventually killed by the Athenian heroTheseus. Named bull of Minos
28. Ladyrinth: was an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificerDaedalus for KingMinos ofCrete atKnossos. Its function was to hold theMinotaur, a mythical
creature that was half man and halfbull and was eventually killed by theAthenian hero Theseus.
Daedalus had made the Labyrinth so cunningly that he himself could barely escape it after he
built it.[1] Theseus was aided byAriadne, who provided him with a skein of thread, literally the"clew", or "clue", so he could find his way out again.
labyrinth is generally synonymous with maze, but many contemporary scholars observe adistinction between the two: maze refers to a complex branching (multicursal) puzzle with
choices of path and direction; while a single-path (unicursal) labyrinth has only a single, non-
branching path, which leads to the center. A labyrinth in this sense has an unambiguous route to
the center and back and is not designed to be difficult to navigate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_Peoples/http://www.ancient.eu.com/cities/http://www.ancient.eu.com/mediterranean/http://www.ancient.eu.com/egypt/http://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_People/http://www.ancient.eu.com/war/http://www.ancient.eu.com/hittite/http://www.ancient.eu.com/empire/http://www.ancient.eu.com/levant/http://www.ancient.eu.com/mycenae/http://www.ancient.eu.com/minoan/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knossoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinth#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_Peoples/http://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_Peoples/http://www.ancient.eu.com/cities/http://www.ancient.eu.com/mediterranean/http://www.ancient.eu.com/egypt/http://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_People/http://www.ancient.eu.com/Sea_People/http://www.ancient.eu.com/war/http://www.ancient.eu.com/hittite/http://www.ancient.eu.com/empire/http://www.ancient.eu.com/levant/http://www.ancient.eu.com/mycenae/http://www.ancient.eu.com/minoan/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daedalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knossoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinth#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze -
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29. Zeus: fall in love with Europa, despite marriage to Hera. He kidnaps her in the form of a
bull. Grudge against Zeus: apportionment of duties lottery, this is his way to punish Zeus for
dissing Hera.
30. Poseidon: God of the sea. He sends the bull from sea. Poseidon is angry that Minos hadnt
sacrified the bull. Poseidons punishment: Minos wife Pasiphae falls for it.
31. Hades: meaning "the unseen" was the ancientGreekgod of the underworld. is the oldestmale child of Cronus and Rhea. According to myth, he and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon
defeated theTitans and claimed rulership over the cosmos, ruling the underworld, air, and sea,
respectively; the solid earth, long the province ofGaia, was available to all three concurrently.
Because of his association with the underworld, Hades is often interpreted in modern times as the
personification of death[citation needed], even though he was not. Hades was also called
"Plouton" Symbols associated with him are the Helm of Darkness and the three-headed dog,
Cerberus.
32. Homer:
blind, illiterate bard, performed his epics within an aristocratic, palatial setting (people
with a power) singing about heroes. the way he speaks that intend norms/reflect theheroes.
the most admired and emulated poet of the ancient world
learning his poetry by heart was a staple of classical education.
greatest influence on later writers (tragedians)
his poetry originally composed orally rather than written down different characters havedifferent nicknames.
Put into written form in the middle of the 8th century BC line by line.
Created the first two extant western epics narratives, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
as first tragedian.
33. Iliad:
mythical background of the Iliad.: marriages of Peleus and thetis.all deities except strife invited.strife thrown golden apple that reads to the fairest into the crowd of attendees.
Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite claim the apple
Zeus arranges a contest, Paris decides: Hera offers political power. Hera is aqueen of humanity. Athena offer military supremacy. Aphrodite offers the most
beautiful women in the world: Helen.
Paris abducts Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. Menelaus persuades his brother Agamemnon and other Greek king to join in an
expedition against troy to retrieve Helen and punish the Trojans.
two main types of characters of the Iliad:
immortals (Olympian deities) and mortals (crucial dichotomy)34. Odyssey: is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.The poem
mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus. and his long journey home following the fall of
Troy. It takes Odysseus ten years to reachIthaca after the ten-yearTrojan War.In his absence, itis assumed he has died, and his wifePenelope and sonTelemachus must deal with a group of
unruly suitors, the Mnesteres orProci, who compete for Penelope's hand in marriage.
35. Peleus: was ahero whose myth was already known to the hearers ofHomerin the late 8thcentury BCE.Peleus was the son ofAeacus, king of the island ofAegina, andEndes, theoread
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_(personification)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helm_of_Darknesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemachushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeacushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeacushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeginahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ende%C3%AFshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_(personification)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_(personification)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_(personification)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helm_of_Darknesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helm_of_Darknesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helm_of_Darknesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerberushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemachushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeacushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeginahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ende%C3%AFshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oread -
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ofMount Pelion inThessaly; he was the father ofAchilles. He and his brotherTelamon were
friends of Heracles, serving in his expedition against the Amazons, his war against King
Laomedon, and with him in the quest for theGolden Fleece. Though there were no further kingsin Aegina, thekings of Epirus claimed descent from Peleus in the historic period.
36. Thetis: Silver-footed Thetis disposer or "placer" (the one who places), is encountered in
Greek mythology mostly as a sea nymph or known as the goddess of water, one of the fiftyNereids, daughters of the ancient one of the seas with shape-shifting abilities who survives in the
historical vestiges of most later Greek myths asProteus (whose name suggests the "first", the
"primordial" or the "firstborn"). Most extant material about Thetis concerns her role as mother ofAchilles, but there is some evidence that as the sea-goddess she played a more central role in the
religious beliefs and practices ofArchaic Greece.
37. Strife: ERIS was the goddess orspirit (daimona) of strife, discord, contention and rivalry.
She was often represented specifically as the daimon of the strife of war, who haunted thebattlefield and delighted in human bloodshed. Her Greek opposite is Harmonia, whose Latin
counterpart is Concordia. Homer equated her with the war-goddess Enyo, whose Roman
counterpart isBellona. The dwarf planet Eris is named after the goddess.
38. Golden apple: is an element that appears in various national and ethnic folk legends or fairy tales.
Recurring themes depict a hero (e.g., Hercules or Ft - Frumos) retrieving the goldenapples hidden or stolen by a monstrous antagonist. Alternatively, they are depicted as
divine food and the source of immortality inNorse mythology.
The first case concerns a hunter named Atalanta who raced against a suitor namedHippomenes. Hippomenes used golden apples to distract Atalanta so that he could win
the race:
39. Hera: was the wife and one of three sisters ofZeus in theOlympian pantheon of classical
Greek Mythology. Her chief function was as the goddess of women and marriage. In Romanmythology, Juno was the equivalent mythical character. Thecow, and later, thepeacock were
sacred to her. Hera's mother wasRhea and her father, Cronus.
40. Athena:is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, warfare, strength,strategy, female arts, crafts, justice, and skill.Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies
similar attributes. Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and is the goddess of heroic
endeavour. She is the virgin patron of Athens. The Athenians built the Parthenon on theAcropolis of her namesake city, Athens (Athena Parthenos), in her honour.
41. Aphrodite:is the Greek goddess of love,beauty, pleasure, and procreation. Her Roman
equivalent is the goddess Venus. Historically, her cult in Greece was imported from, or
influenced by, the cult ofAstarte inPhoenicia
42. Paris:the son ofPriam, king ofTroy, appears in a number ofGreek legends. Probably the
best-known was his elopement with Helen, queen of Sparta, this being one of the immediate
causes of theTrojan War. Later in the war, he fatally woundsAchilles in the heel with an arrow,as foretold by Achilles's mother,Thetis.
43. Helen: also known as Helen of Sparta, was the daughter ofZeus andLeda (orNemesis),
step-daughter of King Tyndareus, wife of Menelaus and sister of Castor, Polydeuces andClytemnestra. Her abduction byParisbrought about theTrojan War.
44. Menelaus:was a legendary king ofMycenaean (pre-Dorian)Sparta, the husband ofHelen of
Troy, and a central figure in theTrojan War. He was the son ofAtreus andAerope, and brother
ofAgamemnon king ofMycenae and, according to theIliad, leader of the Spartan contingent of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Fleecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Greecehttp://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/personifications.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_(Greek_goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_(Roman_goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellona_(goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_taleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83t-Frumoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippomeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beautyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_romanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_romanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astartehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thetishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndareushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_and_Polluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_and_Polluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clytemnestrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamemnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Fleecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Fleecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Greecehttp://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/personifications.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_(Greek_goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_(Roman_goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellona_(goddess)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_taleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_taleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83t-Frumoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83t-Frumoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83t-Frumoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippomeneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beautyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_romanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_romanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astartehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thetishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndareushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_and_Polluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_and_Polluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clytemnestrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamemnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliad 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the Greek army during the War. Prominent in both the IliadandOdyssey, Menelaus was also
popular in Greekvase painting andGreek tragedy; the latter more as a hero of the Trojan War
than as a member of the doomed House of Atreus.
45. Agamemnon:was the son of KingAtreus of Mycenae and QueenAerope; the brother of
Menelaus and the husband ofClytemnestra; mythical legends make him the king ofMycenae or
Argos, thought to be different names for the same area. WhenHelen, the wife of Menelaus, wasabducted by Paris of Troy, Agamemnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the
ensuingTrojan War.Upon Agamemnon's return from Troy he was murdered by Aegisthus, the
lover of his wife Clytemnestra. In old versions of the story: "The scene of the murder, when it isspecified, is usually the house of Aegisthus, who has not taken up residence in Agamemnon's
palace, and it involves an ambush and the deaths of Agamemnon's followers too".In some later
versions Clytemnestra herself does the killing, or they do it together, in his own home.
46. Achilles: was aGreekhero of theTrojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior
ofHomer'sIliad.Achilles was named the most handsome of the heroes assembled againstTroy
by Plato.Later legends (beginning with a poem by Statius in the 1st century AD) state that
Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for his heel. As he died because of a small
wound on his heel, the term "Achilles ' heel" has come to mean a person's principal weakness.
47. Odysseus: as a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the
Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer'sIliad and other works in the Epic Cycle.King of Ithaca, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus, and son of Lartes and Anticlea,
Odysseus is renowned for his guile and resourcefulness, and is hence known by the epithet
Odysseus the Cunning ("cunningintelligence"). He is most famous for theten eventful years hetook toreturn home after the ten-yearTrojan Warand his famousTrojan Horse trick.
48. Troy: was a city, both factual and legendary, located in northwestAnatolia in what is now
Turkey, southeast of theDardanelles and besideMount Ida. It is best known for being the focusof theTrojan Wardescribed in the GreekEpic Cycle and especially in theIliad, one of the two
epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the Iliad and the Odyssey seems to
show that the name (Ilion) formerly began with a digamma: (Wilion). This was later supported by the Hittite form Wilusa.
49. Trojan war:
greek allies:
hera (bitterness about golden apple)
athena (bitterness about golden apple)
poseidon (help apollo build trojan walls, king refused to pay)
trojan allies:
apollo (his priest disobeyed by greeks)
artemis (loyal to apollo, helps aeneas)
aphrodite (golden apple, trojan son aeneas)
50. Briseis: was a mythical queen inAsia Minorat the time of theTrojan War. Her character
lies at the center of a dispute betweenAchilles andAgamemnon that drives the plot ofHomer's
Iliad.Briseis, a daughter ofBriseus was a princess ofLyrnessus. WhenAchilles led the assault onthat city during the Trojan War, her family died at his hands; she was subsequently given to
Achilles as a war prize.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vase_paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_tragedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clytemnestrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles'_heelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Ithacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemachushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laerteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Ida,_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_(poetry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digammahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamemnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrnessushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrnessushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vase_paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vase_paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_tragedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_tragedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atreushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clytemnestrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles'_heelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles'_heelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles'_heelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Ithacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemachushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laerteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Ida,_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Ida,_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_(poetry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digammahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamemnonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrnessushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_War 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51. Dipylon Artist: was anancient Greek vase painter who was active from around 760-750
BCE. He worked in Athens, where he and his workshop produced large funerary vessels for
those interred in the Dipylon cemetery, whence his name comes. His work belongs to the veryLate stage of theGeometric Style, his vases served as grave markers andlibation receptacles for
aristocratic graves and as such are decorated with a depiction of theprothesis scene representing
the mourning of the deceased. Almost 50 vases have been attributed to the Dipylon Master andhis workshop. His works are among the first figural scenes to be found on vases in Greece since
the collapse of theMycenean palace culture.
52. Patroclus: was the son ofMenoetius, grandson ofActor, King ofOpus, and wasAchilles'beloved comrade and brother-in-arms.Patroclus accidentally killed his friend, Clysonymus,
during an argument over a game of dice.
53. Hector: is aTrojanprince and the greatest fighter for Troy in theTrojan War. As the first-
born son of KingPriam and QueenHecuba, a descendant ofDardanus, who lived underMountIda, and ofTros, the founder of Troy, he was a prince of the royal house and the heir apparent to
his father's throne. He was married toAndromache, with whom he had an infant son,Astyanax.
He acts as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defence of Troy, killing 31 Greek fighters
in all.In the European Middle Ages, Hector figures as one of theNine Worthies noted by Jacquesde Longuyon, known not only for his courage but also for his noble and courtly nature. Indeed
Homer places Hector as the very noblest of all the heroes in theIliad: he is both peace-lovingand brave, thoughtful as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker
motives. When the Trojans are disputing whether the omens are favourable, he retorts: "One
omen is best: defending the fatherland" (this is the motto of theGreek Armed Forces to this day).
54. Andromache: was the wife ofHectorand daughter ofEetion, and sister toPodes. She was
born and raised in the city of Cilician Thebe, over which her father ruled. The name means
"battle of a man", from (andros) "of a man" and (mach) "battle".During the
Trojan War, Hector was killed byAchilles, and their sonAstyanax was thrown from the city
walls by the Greek Herald Talthybius.Neoptolemus took Andromache as a concubine and
Hector's brother, Helenus, as a slave. By Neoptolemus, she was the mother of Molossus, and
according to Pausanias, of Pielus andPergamus. When Neoptolemus died, Andromache married
Helenus and became Queen ofEpirus. Pausanias also implies that Helenus' son,Cestrinus, was
by Andromache. Andromache eventually went to live withPergamus inPergamum, where she
died of old age.
55. Priam: was the king of Troy during the Trojan War and youngest son of Laomedon.Modern scholars derive his name from the Luwian compound Priimuua, which means
"exceptionally courageous.
56. Ajax: was a mythological Greek hero, the son of Telamon and Periboea and king ofSalamis. He plays an important role in Homer'sIliad and in the Epic Cycle, a series of epic
poems about theTrojan War. To distinguish him from Ajax, son of Oileus (Ajax the Lesser), heis called "Telamonian Ajax," "Greater Ajax," or "Ajax the Great". InEtruscan mythology, he isknown as Aivas Tlamunus.
57. Muse: in Greek mythology, poetry, and literature, are the goddesses who inspire the creation
of literature and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge, related orally forcenturies in the ancient culture, that was contained in poetic lyrics and myths. The compliment to
a real woman who inspires creative endeavor is a later idea
58. Anger:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menoetius_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus,_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clysonymushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Idahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Idahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tros_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heir_apparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Worthieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Longuyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Longuyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eetionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilician_Thebehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talthybiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoptolemushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molossushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestrinushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periboeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamis_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_Stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menoetius_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus,_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clysonymushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Idahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Idahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tros_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heir_apparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heir_apparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Worthieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Worthieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Longuyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Longuyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Longuyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eetionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilician_Thebehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilician_Thebehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talthybiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoptolemushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molossushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestrinushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laomedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periboeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamis_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythology 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59. Hesiod: was aGreekoral poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between
750 and 650 BC. Hesiod and Homer have generally been considered the earliest Greek poets
whose work has survived, and they are often paired. Scholars disagree about who lived first, and
the fourth-century BCsophist Alcidamas'Mouseion even brought them together in an imagined
poetic agon, theContest of Homer and Hesiod.Aristarchus first argued for Homer's priority, a
claim that was generally accepted by later antiquity.Hesiod's writings serve as a major source on
Greek mythology,farming techniques, earlyeconomic thought (he is sometimes identified as the
first economist) archaic Greekastronomy and ancienttime-keeping.
60. Theogony: "the birth of thegods" is apoembyHesiod (8th-7th century BC) describing theorigins andgenealogies of thegods of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC. It is written
in theEpic dialect of Ancient Greek used byHomer.
61. Works and Days: is adidacticpoem of some 800 verses written by the ancient Greek poetHesiod around700 BC. At its center, the Works and Days is afarmer 's almanac in which Hesiod
instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts. Scholars have seen this work against a
background of agrarian crisis in mainland Greece, which inspired a wave ofcolonial expeditions
in search of new land. In the poem Hesiod also offers his brother extensive moralizing advice onhow he should live his life. The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological
aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus &
Pandora and the so-calledMyth of Five Ages.
62. Chaos: gaping void geneto.
The children of chaos: gaea, tartarus, eros, erebos, night.
Remind living in nature.tress, water, mountains are always prominent natural nomenon.
63. Gaea:brought forth by herself. Uranus=sky. Pontus= sea. Ourea = mountains.
Brough forth with ouranos1) six titans: occeanus, coeus, crius, hyperion, iapetus, cronus.
2) six titanesses: mnemosyne memory, rhea flow, themis justic64. Uranus: hide his children in Gaeas depths. This causes Gaea pain. Gaea invents the sickle.
Gaea plots with her children to multilate Uranus.
65. Cronus: againsst uranus. Cronus alone agree to conspire with her. When uranus approach
gaea to make love with her, cronus castrates him. Cronus throws his fathers genitals over his
shoulder. They land on gaea and produce the giants.
66. Rheia:
was theTitaness daughter ofUranus, the sky, andGaia, the earth, inGreek mythology. She was
known as "the mother of gods". In earlier traditions, she was strongly associated with Gaia and
Cybele, the Great Goddess, and was later seen by the classical Greeks as the mother of the
Olympian gods and goddesses, though never dwelling permanently among them on MountOlympus. The Romans identified Rhea with the GoddessOps.
venus is roman name. In flar of his children, cronus swallows them as quickly as they are born.
Rheia consults uranus and gaea. they advise her to travel to crete and give the birth to her
youngest child zeus. Cronus ask rheia for zus . she hand him a large stone and wrappped in
baby cloth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_poethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcidamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samothracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_and_Days#Hesiod_and_the_Problem_of_Scarcityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didactichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_colonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_poethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_poethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcidamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_of_Homer_and_Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samothracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_and_Days#Hesiod_and_the_Problem_of_Scarcityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didactichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesiodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer's_almanachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_colonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_colonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ops -
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67. Succession myth: zeus marries the oceanid metis = mind. He discovers that metis is
pregnant with athena, the deity who is like ly to depose him. He swallows metis to prevent
athena from being born, symbolically embodying reason. Hephaestus cuts open zeus head.
Athena spring from it, born only to him (not to metis in the natural manner). Thus the succession
myth ends with zeus.
68. Titanomachy: now zeus is king of immorals. He joins his brothers and sisters on mount.
69. Giants: were the children ofGaia, who was fertilized by the blood ofUranus, after Uranus
wascastratedby his sonCronus. Some depictions stated that these Giants had snake-like tails.
70. Apollo: god of light/reason
71. Ares: god of belligerence
72. Hephaestus: craftman god
73. Hermes: messenger god
74. Dionysus: god of wine/intoxication
75. Demeter: goddess of the grain
76. Artemis: goddess of Hunting
77. Hades: god of the Underworld.
78. Underworld: was made up of various realms believed to lie beneath the earth or at its
farthest reaches. This includes:
The great pit ofTartarus, originally the exclusive prison of the oldTitan gods, it latercame to be the dungeon home of damned souls.
The land of the dead ruled by the godHades, which is variously called the house or
domain of Hades (domos Aidaou), Hades,Erebus, theAsphodel Meadows (where theneutral souls are sent),Stygia andAcheron.
The Isles of the Blessed orElysian Fields ruled by Cronus (According toPindarin his
descriptions), where the great heroes of myth resided after death. TheElysian Fields ruled byRhadamanthys, where the virtuous dead and initiates in the
ancient Mysteries were sent to dwell.
The five rivers of Hades areAcheron (the river of sorrow),Cocytus (the river of lamentation),Phlegethon (the river of fire),Lethe (the river of forgetfulness) and Styx (the river of hate),which forms the boundary between upper and lower worlds.
The ancient Greek concept of the underworld evolved considerably over time.
79. Divine myth: features supernatural being rather than human being.Can take on human or animal shape at will, their own form is too overwhelming (Horus)
Control natural forces (Poseidon)
can represent personified abstractions (Nike=victory)can represent personality.
80. Legend: focus on hero. Central characters are human being rather than deities (eg Achilles).
Legend is similar to history in its attempt to explain the past.
81. Folktale: focus on ordinary people.
Similarity to legend: central characters are people.
Differences from legend: human characters are ordinary rather than extraordinary as in legend.Folktale types (eg Cinderella type = abuse younger sister/divine helper/appears at ball in the
dress/separated from prince/marries prince.)
folktale motifs (eg Cinderella - type elements listed above)
82. Colonization:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphodel_Meadowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunate_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhadamanthyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocytushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegethonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphodel_Meadowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphodel_Meadowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunate_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortunate_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhadamanthyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocytushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegethonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styx -
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over population
exploration (corresponding ethos, of Homers odsey)
83. Polis (emergence of polis city state): literally means city in Greek. It could also meancitizenship and body of citizens. In modern historiography "polis" is normally used to indicate theancient
Greek city - states, likeClassical Athens and its contemporaries, sopolis is often translated as "city - state."
athens sparta
84. Athens:is thecapital and largest city ofGreece. Athens dominates theAtticaperiphery and
is one of the world 's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical
Athens was a powerfulcity - state. A centre for the arts, learning andphilosophy, home ofPlato's
Academy andAristotle'sLyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization
and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political
achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then known European
continent.Today a cosmopolitan metropolis, modern Athens is central to economic, financial,
industrial, political and cultural life in Greece and it is rated as an Alpha world city. In 2008,
Athens was ranked the world's 32 nd richest city by purchasing power and the 25th mostexpensive in aUBS study.
85. Sparta: was a prominent city - state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the River
Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. It emerged as a political entity around the 10th
century BC, when the invading Dorians subjugated the local, non-Dorian population. From c .
650 BC it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.
86. Epic:is a lengthynarrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing detailsof heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.
87. Lyric:
88. Papyrus: early form of paper made from the pith located in the center of the stem or root of
the papyrus.
89. Archilochus (early 7th century): is the oldest from Paros. 1st extant post epic poet.
Turbulent life - mercenary soldier. Embittered adventure.
90. Callinus (middle 7th century): From ephesus. Creator of political and warlike elegy.Primary themes: courage and patriotism.
91. Tyrtaeus (middle 7th century): From sparta. Wrote in elegaic couplets.
Sappho (late 7th century): From lesbos. New poetry of love and hate. Had own meter calledSapphic meter
92. Solon: came along in the late Archaic age to appease the poor and prevent the emergence of
tyranny. He was a politician poet (all literature was still verse). Propagandistic poetry throughwhich he defends his political reforms. His poems indicated his roles as a mediator between rich
and poor. Solons success only lasted awhile: The poor demanded one of their own to rule atyrant.
93. Alcaeus: late 7th century. also from lesbos
part of the aristocratic ruling class of mytilence where he experienced much political
strife. he sides with the aristocrats over tyrant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica_(periphery)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyceum#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotas_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotas_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica_(periphery)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous_habitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyceum#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotas_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotas_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_poem -
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94. Hoplite: new type of warrior called the hoplite (each soldier carried a shield called a hoplon
that covered his own left side and the right side of the man to his left). Hoplite fought in shield-
to-shield formation with the rest of infantry called a phalanx.
95. Hoplon: A hoplon shield was a deeply-dished shield made ofwood. Some shields had athin sheet of bronze on the outer face, often just around the rim. In some periods, theconvention was to decorate the aspis; in others, it was usually left plain. Probably the mostfamous aspis decoration is that ofSparta: a capitallambda (). From the late 5th century BC,
Athenian hoplites commonly used the Little Owl, while the shields of Theban hoplites weresometimes decorated with asphinx, or the club ofHeracles.
96. Phalanx: is a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy
infantry armed with spears,pikes, sarissas, or similar weapons. The term is particularly (and
originally) used to describe the use of this formation in Ancient Greek warfare, although the
ancient Greek writers used it to also describe any massed infantry formation, regardless of itsequipment, as doesArrian in hisArray against the Allans when he refers to his legions. In Greek
texts, the phalanx may be deployed for battle, on the march, even camped, thus describing the
mass of infantry or cavalry that would deploy in line during battle. They used shields to blockothers from getting in. They marched forward as one entity, crushing opponents. The word
phalanx is derived from the Greek wordphalanx, meaning the finger.97. Draco: law code 621 bc was the firstlegislatorofAthens inAncient Greece. He replacedthe prevailing system of oral law andblood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a
court. Because of its harshness, this code also gave rise to the term "draconian"
99. Peisistratus: seized power. Members the hill men.
100. Hipparchus: was a Greek astrologer, astronomer, geographer, and mathematician of the
Hellenistic period. He is considered the founder oftrigonometry.
101. Hippias :was one of the sons ofPeisistratus, and wastyrant ofAthens in the 6th century
BC. Hippias succeeded Peisistratus in 527 BC, and in 525 BC he introduced a new system of
coinage in Athens. His brotherHipparchus, who may have ruled jointly with him, was murdered
byHarmodius and Aristogeiton (the Tyrannicides) in 514 BC. Hippias executed the Tyrannicidesand became a bitter and cruel ruler.
102. Cleisthenes: Power vacuum filled by cleisthenes in 508 BC. He is father of philosophy.
Institutes new geographically rather than family or wealth based constitution. This along with
ostracism lead to first democratic society father of democracy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Owlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Owlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx#Greek_Sphinxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_formationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_infantryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_infantryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(weapon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(weapon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_lawhttp://en.wikip