class 1 introduction 2011

8/7/2019 class 1 INTRODUCTION 2011

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UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADORUNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR

WESTERN MULTIDISCIPLINARYWESTERN MULTIDISCIPLINARYFACULTYFACULTY

LANGUAGE DEPARTMENTLANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

AMERICAN ENGLISHAMERICAN ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATIONPRONUNCIATION


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PRESENTATION

English pronunciation is designed to help

students

improve pronunciation skills,

overcome pronunciation problems when speaking,

avoid being misunderstood by other people,

communicate clearly.

increase vocabulary.


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This will be done by studying and practicing

the following features:

segmentals (phonemes) and

suprasegmentals (stress and intonation)


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Frequent practice and review are important

Improvement takes time.

TIPS:

Always read aloud.

Immerse yourself in the language, throughconversations, movies, music, etc.


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INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

PHONETICS-The study of the sound of language

-The study ofspeech sounds used in the

languages of the world

- the study of the sounds made by thehuman voice in speech


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THREE WAYS OF APPROACHING

PHONETICS:

Articulatory PhoneticsArticulatory Phonetics::

Acoustic Phonetics:Acoustic Phonetics:

The physical properties of sound waves.The physical properties of sound waves.

Auditory Phonetics:Auditory Phonetics:

Perception of the sounds by the brain.Perception of the sounds by the brain.


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Articulatory phoneticsArticulatory phonetics

Physiological mechanism of speechPhysiological mechanism of speech

production.production.

The study of how phones* areproduced

*Phone= A speech sound

represented with phonetic symbols(Consonants and

vowels)


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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

Sounds are formed by the motion ofair through

the mouth

Consonants:

Made by restricting or blocking the airflow in some way

May be voiced or voiceless

Vowels:

Made with less obstruction

Usually voiced

Generally louder and longer than consonants


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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

Consonants are defined by

Place of articulation

The point of maximum constriction

Manner of articulation

How the restriction of airflow is made

Voicing

State of the glottis


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GLOSSARY OF TERMS:

Consonants:

Consonants are sounds made by blocking the

flow of air coming out from the lungs. In the case

of the sounds /j/ (as in yellow) and /w/ (as in

west) the distinction is not clear. These are called

semi-vowels. The consonant is voiced when the

blockage of air is accompanied by vibration of thevocal cords. If there is no vibration of the vocal

cords, the consonant is unvoiced.


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ALLOPHONE

In phonetics, an allophone (from the Greek:

, llos, "other" and , phn, "voice,sound") is a variant of a phoneme; changing

the allophone will not change the meaning of a

word, but the result may sound non-native, or

be unintelligible.


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Phoneme:

A phoneme is a sound unit which is

significant in a language. Another word forphoneme is sound. A phoneme is an abstract

unit of speech sound that can distinguish

words: That is, changing a phoneme in a word

can produce another word.


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Vowels:

A vowel is a sound produced when the flow ofair from the lungs is not blocked and the vocal

cords are vibrating. Different vowels can beproduced by changing the position of the tongue.Which vowel is produced depends on which partof the tongue is raised and how far it is raised.Vowels can vary in length, and in one of the

versions of the phonetic alphabet script, thelonger vowels have two dots after them, forexample, /i:/.


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Phone

Its a speech sound or gesture considered aphysical event without regard to its place in the

phonology of a language


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Diphthong:

A diphthong is a complex vowel. It starts

sounding like one vowel sound and thenchanges and ends sounding like another. An

example is the vowel sound in rain /rein./


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Consonant Cluster:

A consonant cluster is two or more consonant sounds together; for

example, the /spr/ at the beginning of the word spring /sprI/.

Inflections: The past tense inflection ed is pronounced in three differentways depending on the last sound in the verb. If the main verb ends with

the sound /t/ or /d/ ed is pronounced /Id/. If the verb ends with a

voiceless consonant other than /t/, ed is pronounced /t/. If the verb ends

with any other sound, ed is pronounced /d/. Examples of these three

inflections are: 1. Wanted /wntId/ 2. Walked /wkkt/

3. Called /kld/


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Articulators:

are the different parts of the mouth area

that we use when speaking, such as the lips,tongue, teeth, and jaw.


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REMEMBER

When it comes to writing, English language

uses 26 different letter from the Alphabet,

however, when it comes to speaking there are

over 44 different sounds that can be made

through this language. We call these sounds

phonemes.


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REMEMBER

Identifying these sounds may be difficult in thebeginning but with some further knowledgeand practice you will be able to master them

all. There are, of course, 44 writing characters to

represent these phonemes that, all together,make a phonetic alphabet. (PA)

class 1 introduction 2011

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