class 1 -2 basic networking

7/31/2019 Class 1 -2 Basic Networking

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BASICS OFNETWORKING


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CISCO CURRICULUM DIVISION


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CISCO CERTIFICATION TREE


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DEVICES USEDAND THEIR SYMBOLS


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NETWORKING BASICS

An Internet workis a collection of individual networks, connected byintermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network.


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TYPES OF NETWORKS

LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALLGEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR COLLEGE.

MAN METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS ANETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREASUCH AS THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.

WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USEDOVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREASUCH AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

BASICSOF NETWORKING


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INTERNET PROBLEMS

Internetworking Challenges.

Areas of connectivity, reliability, network management,

flexibility, Security,

Internetworking Models.

Apple Talk

OSI Models

TCP/IP Model Compatibility Issues


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NETWORKING SECURITY ISSUES

Networking Issues like Connectivity, Security, VirusAttacks, Individual Attacks and Denial of ServiceAttacks

Social Engineering

Hacking the Systems or Servers

Hacking Emails and In & Out of the System


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NETWORK BASICS

Protocol and Protocol Stacks

Protocol:- Rules to define the function the particular task

Protocol Stack:- Each layer of the model has its

own set of protocols associated with it. When wehave a set of protocols that create a completeOSI model, it is called a Protocol Stack.


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OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTED

Compatibility Issues

OSI Model History and Difference between TCP/IP Suite

and OSI Model


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UNDERSTANDING HOST-TO-HOSTCOMMUNICATIONS

Older model

Proprietary

Application and combinations software controlled by one vendor

Standards-based model

Multivendor software

Layered approach


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OSI MODEL

Reduces complexity

Standardizes interfaces

Facilitates modular engineering

Ensures interoperable technology

Accelerates evolution

Simplifies teaching and learning


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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)


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SESSION LAYER

Half-duplex

Transmission mode implements Ethernet carriersense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD).

Ethernet Half-Duplex communication means If datais transmitted by the Device then it cannot receiveat the same time or and Vice- versa.

Full Duplex

Device can transmit and receive at both the Time

Creating, Monitoring and terminating thesession


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LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGIES (NODE-TO-NODE CONNECTIVITY)LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGY

Local Area Network (LAN) Ethernet

Wireless LAN

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Lease Lines Point to Point Protocol (PPP) Industry Standard

HDLC High Level Data-Link layer Protocol (Cisco Proprietary)

Circuit switching

Digital Subscriber Line

Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line

Packet Switching

X.25

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Frame-Relay

MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching


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DATA LINK LAYER (OPERATIONS)

Logical Link Control

Generates and maintains links between networkdevices. It helps up to mark the type of RoutedProtocol used in the packet.

Media Access Control

It provides the local connectivity of Devices onLayer 2 switches. Media Access Control givesevery NIC a unique 12 digit hexadecimal address.


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ETHERNET HEADER FORMAT


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WIRESHARK CAPTURINGOF PACKET


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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL


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PHYSICAL LAYER RESPONSIBILITIES

There are several items addresses by this layer. They are;

Network connections types, including multi-point and point-to-point networks.

Network Topologies, including ring, star, bus, and mesh

networks. Analog or Digital signaling.

Bit Synchronization (When to send data and when to listen forit).

Baseband Vs. Broadband transmissions.

Multiplexing (Combining multiple streams of data into onechannel).

Termination, to give better signal clarity and for nodesegmentation.


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DATA ENCAPSULATION


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DATA DE-ENCAPSULATION


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PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION


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TRANSITION MEDIA

Cables :- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is undoubtedly themost common transmission system.

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

o Cable Types

Straight Cable

Cross Over Cable

Roll Over Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

High Speed Data transfer Rate


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LIMITATIONOF ETHERNET AND FIBRE CABLES


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COLLISION AND BROADCAST DOMAIN

Collisions Domain:-

Device that can communicate simultaneously onthe Device

Broadcast Domain:-

A broadcast domain is a logical division of acomputer network, in which all nodes can reacheach other by broadcast at the data link layer.


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DEVICES USEDIN NETWORKING

Hubs

Active Hubs

Passive Hubs

Intelligent Hubs

Bridges

Switches

Routers

Firewall Load Balancers


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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Star Topology

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Full Mesh Partial Mesh


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STAR TOPOLOGY


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BUS TOPOLOGY


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RING TOPOLOGY


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FULL MESHAND PARTIAL MESH


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CISCO HIERARCHICAL MODELFOR NETWORKDESIGN

class 1 -2 basic networking

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