cladding system.ppt

7/23/2019 Cladding system.ppt

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Cladding System

Part Illustrated Words and Concepts

Figure 9-1 Stick System

Figure 9-2 Unit System and Unit-and-Mullion System Figure 9-3 Panel System and Column Coer and Spandrel System

Part Passages

Passage ! "#e $esign %e&uirements 'or Cladding

Passage ( "#e Curtain Wall


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Figure 9-1 Stick System

1-!nc#ors 2-Mullion 3-)ori*ontal rail+ gutter section at ,indo, #ead

.-Spandrel panel +may /e installed 'rom inside /uilding 0-)ori*ontal rail +,indo, sillsection -ision glass +installed 'rom inside /uilding -Interior mullion trim

4t#er ariations5 Mullion and rail sections may /e longer or s#orter t#an s#o,n

ision glass may /e set directly in recesses in 'raming mem/ers6 may /e set ,it#

applied stops6 may /e set in su/-'rame6 or may include opera/le sas#7


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Figure 9-2 Unit System and Unit-and-Mullion System

+! Unit System8Sc#ematic o' typical ersion 1-!nc#or 2-Pre assem/led 'ramed unit7 4t#er ariations5 Mullion sections may /e interlocking spilt: type or may /ec#annel s#apes ,it# applied inside and outside ;oint coers7 Units may /e ungla*edor may /e Pre-pla*ed 7Spandrel panel may /e eit#er at top or /ottom o' unit7

+( Unit-and-Mullion System8Sc#ematic o' typical ersion 1-!nc#ors 2-Mullion+eit#er one-or t,o-story lengt#s 3-Pre assem/led unit-

lo,ered into place /e#ind mullion 'rom 'loor a/oe .-Interior mullion trim7 4t#erariations 5Framed units may /e 'ull-story #eig#t +as s#o,n eit#er ungla*ed orpre-gla*ed6 or may /e separate spandrel coer units and ision glass units7

)ori*ontal rail sections are sometimes used /et,een units7


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Figure 9-3 Panel System and Column Coer and SpandrelSystem+! Panel System8Sc#ematic o' typical ersion 1-!nc#or 2-Panel 4t#er ariations

5Panels may /e 'ormed s#eet or castings6 may /e 'ull story #eig#t +as s#o,n orsmaller units6 and may /e eit#er pre-gla*ed or gla*ed a'ter installation7

+( Column Coer and Spandrel System8Sc#ematic o' typical ersion1-Column coer section 2-Spandrel panel 3-


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Part Passages Passage A The Design Requirements for Cladding

Primary Functions of Cladding

"#e ma;or purpose o' cladding is to separate

t#e indoor enironment o' a /uilding 'rom t#e outdoors

in suc# a ,ay t#at indoor enironmental conditions can

/e maintained at leels suita/le 'or t#e /uilding>s

intended use7 "#is translates into a num/er o' separate

and dierse'unctional re&uirements7


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Part Passages Passage A Keeping Water Out

Cladding must preent t#e entry o' rain6 sno,6

and ice into a /uilding7 "#is re&uirement is complicated

/y t#e 'act t#at ,ater on t#e 'ace o' /uilding is o'tendrien /y ,ind at #ig# elocities and #ig# air pressures

not ;ust in a do,n,ard direction6 /ut in eery direction6

een up,ard7


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Part Passages Passage A Water pro/lems are especially acute on tall

/uildings6 ,#ic# present a large pro'ile to t#e ,ind at

altitudes ,#ere ,ind elocities are muc# #ig#er t#an at

ground leel7 ?normous amounts o' ,ater must /edrained 'rom t#e ,ind,ard 'ace o' a tall /uilding during

a #eay rainstorm6 and t#e ,ater6 pus#ed /y ,ind

tends to accumulate in creices and against pro;ecting

mullions6 ,#ere it ,ill readilypenetrate t#e smallest

crack or #ole and enter t#e /uilding7 We ,ill deote a

considera/le portion o' t#is c#apter to met#ods 'or

keeping ,ater out7


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Part Passages Passage A Preventing Air Leakage

"#e cladding o' a /uilding must preent t#e

unintended passage o' air /et,een indoors and

outdoors7 !t a grossscale6 t#is is necessary to regulateelocities ,it#in t#e /uilding7


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Part Passages Passage A Smaller air leaks are #arm'ul /ecause t#ey

,aste conditioned air6 carry ,ater t#roug# t#e ,all6

allo, moisture apor to condense inside t#e ,all6 and

allo, noise to penetrate t#e /uilding 'rom outside7(uilding code re&uirements 'or airtig#tness o' /uilding

cladding are gro,ing more stringent7 Sealants6 gaskets6

,eat#erstrips and air /arrier mem/ranes o' arious

types are all used to preent air leakage t#roug#cladding7


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Part Passages Passage A Controlling Light

"#e cladding o' a /uilding must control t#e

passage o' lig#t6 especially sunlig#t7 Sunlig#t is #eat

t#at may /e ,elcome or un,elcome7 Sunlig#t is isi/lelig#t6 use'ul 'or illumination/ut /ot#ersomei' it causes

glare,it#in a /uilding7


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Part Passages Passage A Sunlig#t includes destructie ultraiolet

,aelengt#s t#at must /e kept o'' #uman skin and

a,ay 'rom interior materials t#at ,ill 'adeor

disintegrate7 Windo,s s#ould /e placed andproportioned ,it# t#ese considerations in mind7

Cladding systems sometimes include e=ternal s#ading

deices to keep lig#t and solar #eat a,ay 'rom

,indo,s7 "#e glass in ,indo,s is o'ten selected tocontrol lig#t and #eat7 Interior s#ades6 /linds6 and

curtains may /e added 'or 'urt#er control7


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Part Passages Passage A Controlling the Radiation of Heat

(eyond its role in regulating t#e 'lo, o' radiant

#eat 'rom t#e sun6 t#e cladding o' a /uilding s#ould also

present interior sur'aces t#at are at temperatures t#at,ill not cause radiant discom'ort7


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Part Passages Passage A ! ery cold interior sur'ace ,ill make people 'eel

c#illy ,#en t#ey are near t#e ,all6 een i' t#e air in t#e

/uilding is ,armed to a com'orta/le leel7 ! #ot interior

sur'ace or direct sunlig#t in summer can causeoer#eating o' t#e /ody despite t#e coolness o' t#e

interior air7 ?=ternal sun s#ading deices6 ade&uate

t#ermal insulation and t#ermal /reaks6 and appropriate

selection o' glass are potential strategies in controlling#eat radiation7


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Part Passages Passage AControlling the Conduction of Heat

"#e cladding o' a /uilding must resist t#e

conduction o' #eat into and out o' t#e /uilding7 "#is

re&uires not merely a satis'actory oerall resistance o'

t#e ,all to t#e passage o' #eat6 /ut t#e aoidance o'

t#ermal /ridges6


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Part Passages Passage A ,all components suc# as metal 'raming

mem/ers t#at are #ig#ly conductie o' #eat and

t#ere'ore likely to cause locali*ed condensation on

interior sur'aces7 "#ermal insulation6 appropriategla*ing6 and t#ermal /reaks are used to control #eat

conduction t#roug# cladding7 (uilding codes speci'y

minimum alues o' t#ermal resistance o' ,all

components as a ,ay o' limiting t#e conduction o' #eat6

and also as a ,ay o' controlling t#e condensation o'

moisture on cold interior sur'aces7


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Part Passages Passage AControlling ound

Cladding seres to isolate t#e inside o' a /uilding

'rom noises outside and ice ersa7 @oiseisolationis

/est ac#ieed /y ,alls t#at are airtig#t6 massie6 andresilient7 "#e re&uired degree o' noise isolation aries

'rom one /uilding to anot#er6 depending on t#e noise

leels and noise tolerances o' t#e inside and outside

enironments7 Cladding 'or a #ospital near a ma;orairport re&uires a #ig# leel o' noise isolation7 Cladding

'or a commercial o''ice in a su/ur/an o''ice park need

not per'orm to as #ig# a standard7


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Part Passages Passage ! The Curtain Wall

"he Curtain Wall

"#e 'irst steel-'ramed skyscrapers6 /uilt late in

t#e 19t# century6 introduced t#e concept o' t#e curtain

,all6 an e=terior cladding supported at eac# story /y t#e

'rame7 "#e name curtain ,all: deries 'rom t#e idea

t#at t#e ,all is t#in and #angs: like a curtain on t#e

structural 'rame7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#e earliest curtain ,alls ,ere constructed o'masonry7 "#e principal adantage o' t#e curtain ,all ist#at6 /ecause it /ears no ertical load6 it can /e t#in andlig#t in ,eig#t regardless o' t#e #eig#t o' t#e /uilding6

as compared to a masonry load-/earing ,all6 ,#ic#may /ecome pro#i/itielyt #ick and ,eig#ty at t#e/ase o' a ery tall /uilding7 Curtain ,alls may /econstructed o' any noncom/usti/le material t#at issuita/le 'or e=posure to t#e ,eat#er7 "#ey may /eeit#er constructed in place or pre'a/ricated7 Curtain,alls may /e made o' masonry and concrete or madeo' metal and glass7 Some types o' ,alls areconstructed in place6 and ot#ers are pre'a/ricated6 /utall are supported /y t#e 'rame o' t#e /uilding7


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Part Passages Passage ! #odes of Assem$ly

Metal curtain ,all systems can /e classi'ied

according to t#eir degree or modeo' assem/ly at t#e

time o' installation on t#e /uilding7 Many metal-and-glass curtain ,alls are 'urnis#ed as stick systems

,#ose principal components are metal mullions and

rectangular panels o' glass and spandrel material t#at

are assem/led in place on t#e /uilding7


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Part Passages Passage ! Stick systems #ae a #ig# degree o' a/ility to

ad;ust to un'oreseen site conditions6 /ut t#ey must /e

assem/led on site6 under #ig#ly aria/le conditions6

rat#er t#an in a 'actory ,it# its ideal tooling6 controlledenironmental conditions6 and lo,er ,age rates7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#e unit system o' curtain ,all installation takes

'ull adantage o' 'actory assem/ly and minimi*es on

site la/or6 /ut t#e units re&uire more space during

s#ipping and more protection 'rom damage t#an sticksystem components7 "#e unit-and-mullion system

,#ic# is seldom used today6 o''ers a middle ground

/et,een t#e stick and unit systems7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#e panel system is made up o'#omogenous

units t#at are 'ormed 'rom metal s#eet7 Its adantages

and disadantages are similar to t#ose o' t#e unit

system6 /ut its production inoles t#e #ig#er toolingcosts o' a custom-made dieormold6 ,#ic# makes it

adantageous only 'or a /uilding t#at re&uires a large

num/er o' identical panels7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#e column-coer-and-spandrel systememp#asi*es t#e structural module o' t#e /uilding rat#ert#an creating its o,n grid on t#e 'acade6 as t#epreiously descri/ed systems do7 ! custom design

must /e created 'or eac# pro;ect /ecause t#ere is nostandard column or 'loor spacing 'or /uildings7 Specialcare is re&uired in detailing t#e spandrel panel supportto ensure t#at t#e panels do not de'lect ,#en loads areapplied to t#e spandrel /eams o' t#e /uilding 'rameAot#er,ise6 t#e ,indo, strips could /e su/;ected toloadings t#at ,ould de'ormt#e mullions and crack t#eglass7


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Cladding System

Part Passages Passage !Outside %la&ing and 'nside %la&ing

! metal cladding system may /e designed to

/e outside gla*ed6 ,#ic# means t#at glass must /e

installed or replaced /y ,orkers standing on sca''oldingor staging outside t#e /uilding7


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Cladding System

Part Passages Passage ! !lternatiely6 it may /e designed to /e inside

gla*ed /y ,orkers ,#o stand inside t#e /uilding7 Inside

gla*ing is more conenient and is more economical'or

a tall /uilding6 /ut it re&uires a some,#at moreela/orate set o' e=trusions7 4utside gla*ing systems

utili*e a relatiely simple set o' e=trusions and are less

e=pensie 'or a /uilding t#at is only one to t#ree stories

tall7 Some curtain ,all systems are designed so t#at

t#ey may /e gla*ed 'rom eit#er side7


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Part Passages Passage !"he Process of Curtain Wall (esign

W#en an arc#itect sets out to design a ne,

system o' metal cladding6 as is o'ten done 'or large6

important /uildings6 ot#er pro'essionals are /roug#t intot#e process7 !n independent cladding consultant can

/ring a large /ody o' e=perience and e=pertise to t#is

e''ort and minimi*e t#e risk to t#e arc#itect7 "#e

structural engineer o' t#e /uilding is inoled at least tot#e e=tent o' understanding t#e ,eig#t and attac#ment

re&uirements o' t#e system7


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Part Passages Passage ! ! curtain ,all manu'acturer is also /roug#t into t#e

design team early in t#e process7 "#e manu'acturer

understands /etter t#an any ot#er mem/er o' t#e team

t#e manu'acturing6 assem/ly6 installation6 and costimplications o' a ne, curtain ,all design7 "#e

manu'acturer o'ten does t#e installation as ,ell as t#e

manu'acturing o' t#e components6 or it su/contracts

t#e installation ,ork to companies t#at it certi'ies to /e

,ell &uali'ied and 'amiliar ,it# t#e manu'acturer>s

products and standards7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#is installation e=perience is alsoinalua/le

during t#e design process7 From conceptual dra,ings

prepared /y t#e arc#itect and cladding consultant6 t#e

manu'acturer prepares a more detailed set o' designdra,ings as a /asis 'or reac#ing preliminary agreement

on t#e design7 "#e manu'acturer t#en prepares a ery

detailed set o' s#op dra,ings and installation dra,ings7


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Part Passages Passage ! "#ese are c#ecked care'ully /y t#e arc#itect

engineer6 and cladding consultant to assure compliance

,it# design intentions and t#e structural capa/ilities o'

t#e /uilding 'rame7 Full-scale testing o' t#e curtain ,allis usually carried /e'ore t#e manu'acture o' a custom

designed curtain ,all system is aut#ori*ed to /egin7

"#e curtain manu'acturer may ,is# to isit t#e

construction site during t#e erection o' t#e /uilding

'rame to /ecome 'amiliar ,it# t#e leel o' dimensional

accuracy o' t#e structural sur'aces to ,#ic# t#e curtain

,all ,ill /e 'astened7

cladding system.ppt

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