CORPUS LINGUISTICS

Critical Concepts in LinguisticsSeries editor: Carlos P. Otero

Other titles in this series:

MorphologyEdited with a new introduction by Francis Katamba

6 volume set

LexicographyEdited with a new introduction by Reinhard Hartmann

SemanticsEdited with a new introduction by Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach

6 volume set

PragmaticsEdited with a new introduction by Asa Kasher

6 volume set

PhonologyEdited with a new introduction by Charles W. Kreidler

6 volume set

Critical Discourse AnalysisEdited with a new introduction by Michael Toolan

4 volume set

World EnglishesEdited with a new introduction by Kingsley Bolton and

Braj B. Kachru6 volume set

SyntaxEdited with a new introduction by Robert Freidin and

Howard Lasnik6 volume set

Forthcoming:

LexicologyEdited with a new introduction by Patrick Hanks

6 volume set

SociolinguisticsEdited with a new introduction by Nikolas Coupland and

Adam Jaworski6 volume set

Language AcquisitionEdited with a new introduction by Charles Yang

4 volume set

CORPUS LINGUISTICS

Critical Concepts in Linguistics

Edited byWolfgang Teubert

&Ramesh Krishnamurthy

Volume I

First published 2007by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canadaby Routledge

270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Editorial material and selection © 2007 Wolfgang Teubert & RameshKrishnamurthy; individual owners retain copyright in their own material

Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Graphicraft Limited, Hong KongPrinted and bound in Great Britain byMPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted orreproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,

mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafterinvented, including photocopying and recording, or in any

information storage or retrieval system, without permission inwriting from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataA catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN10: 0-415-33895-6 (Set)ISBN10: 0-415-33896-4 (Volume I)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-33895-0 (Set)ISBN13: 978-0-415-33896-7 (Volume I)

Publisher’s NoteReferences within each chapter are as they appear in the original complete work

Dedication

In fond memory of John Sinclair (1933–2007) a pioneer of corpuslinguistics and an illuminating mentor, colleague, and friend

vi

vii

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements xixChronological table of reprinted articles and chapters xxiiiForeword xxxvii

General introduction 1

VOLUME I

PART 1

Theoretical aspects of corpus linguistics 39

1 The importance of corpus linguistics to understanding thenature of language 41

2 Does corpus linguistics exist? Some old and new issues 58

3 The corpus-driven approach 74 -

4 “Corporate bridges” twixt text and language 93

5 Corpora, databases and the organisation of linguistic data 119

6 Writing, hermeneutics, and corpus linguistics 134

7 Apples and oranges: on comparing data from different corpora 160

viii

8 Corpus linguistics, Chomsky and fuzzy tree fragments 173

9 Meaning in the framework of corpus linguistics 182

10 “Corpus linguistics” or “computer-aided armchair linguistics” 197

PART 2

History of corpus linguistics 221

11 English lexical collocations: a study in computationallinguistics 223

12 Interview with John Sinclair conducted by WolfgangTeubert 270

13 Problems of assembling and computerizing large corpora 285.

14 Towards a description of English usage 299

15 The value of a corpus in English language research:a reappraisal 315

16 Claimed and unclaimed sources of corpus linguistics 326

VOLUME II

Acknowledgements ix

PART 3

Corpus composition and compilation 1

17 Corpora 3

ix

18 Compiling and using the IJS-ELAN parallel corpus 18t

19 Where did we go wrong? A retrospective look at theBritish National Corpus 35

20 Towards an English–Norwegian parallel corpus 55

21 The American National Corpus: overall goals and thefirst release 69

22 Parallel corpora: a real-time approach to the study oflanguage change in progress 77

23 The development of the International Corpus of English 91

24 Corpus design criteria 99 ,

25 Representativeness in corpus design 134

26 The computer learner corpus: a versatile new source of datafor SLA research 166

27 Evolution and present situation of corpus research in China 183

PART 4

Standardisation, alignment, tagging and corpus relatedsoftware 217

28 The detection of inconsistency in manually tagged text 219

29 Comparing corpora 232

30 From the Rosetta stone to the information society: a surveyof parallel text processing 264

x

31 Char_align: a program for aligning parallel texts at thecharacter level 290

32 PC analysis of key words – and key key words 303

33 AUTASYS: grammatical tagging and cross-tagset mapping 318 .

34 Meaning and interpretation of markup 334 -,

35 A formal framework for linguistic annotation 355

36 A framework of a mechanical translation between Japaneseand English by analogy principle 407

37 Intuition and annotation: the discussion continues 415

38 From Firth principles: computational tools for the study ofcollocation 436

39 Bi- and trilingual alignment and concordancing as machineaids to human translation 457 .

-

40 One sense per discourse 467 ,

xi

VOLUME III

Acknowledgements vii

PART 5

Lexicography, collocation, idioms and phraseology 1

41 The search for units of meaning 3

42 Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer?The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies 30

43 Semantic prosodies in English and Portuguese:A contrastive study 51

44 Metaphorical polysemy and paradigmatic relations:a corpus study 67

45 Patterns of word usage in corpus linguistics 85u r ·

46 The weight of words: an investigation of lexical gravity 97

47 Corpus-based lexicon building: an overview across projects,problems, approaches 112

48 Enthusiasm and condescension: changing norms ofmeaning and use 140

49 The distribution of idioms in English 154

50 Collocations and semantic profiles: on the cause ofthe trouble with quantitative studies 166

51 Asian or Western realities? Collocations inSingaporean-Malaysian English 194

xii

52 Lexis and lexicographers: the vocabulary of dictionarydefinitions 213

53 On the phraseology of spoken English: the evidence ofrecurrent word-combinations 224

54 Textual colligation: a special kind of lexical priming 245

55 Lexicographic relevance: selecting information fromcorpus evidence 269 ,

PART 6

Terminology 301

56 Towards a corpus-based approach to terminography 303

57 In search of representativity in specialised corpora:categorisation through collocation 325

58 Making a workable glossary out of a specialised corpus:term extraction and expert knowledge 346 ,

59 Comment accéder aux éléments définitoires dans les textesspécialisés? 365

xiii

VOLUME IV

Acknowledgements ix

PART 7

Grammar 1

60 Looking at looking: functions and contexts of progressivesin spoken English and ‘school’ English 3

61 The textlinguistic dimension of corpus linguistics:the support function of English general nouns andits theoretical implications 15

62 Between and through: the company they keep andthe functions they serve 26

63 What is a grammatical rule? 41

64 Will corpus linguistics revolutionize grammar teachingin the 21st century? 55

65 Why grammar is beyond belief 67

66 A corpus-driven approach to grammar: principles,methods and examples 84

67 A quantitative study of polarity and primary tense inthe English finite clause 104 . .

68 Subordinate clauses in English 138

69 Lexical gaps 154

xiv

PART 8

Translation studies, multilingual and parallel corpora 165

70 Using parallel texts in the translator trainingenvironment 167

71 Lost in parallel concordances 176 -

72 Thematic structure in translation between English andNorwegian 191

73 Contrastive linguistics and corpora 213

74 Adverbial connectors in English and Swedish: semanticand lexical correspondences 227

75 Epistemic possibility in an English-Swedish contrastiveperspective 248

76 Translators at play: exploitations of collocational normsin German–English translation 271

77 Parallel corpora in translation studies: issues in corpusdesign and analysis 285

78 Fishing for translation equivalents using grammaticalanchors 299

79 Une nouvelle approche à l’extraction de lexiques bilinguesà partir de corpus comparables 313

80 Naturalness and contrastive linguistics 336

81 Fingerprints in translation 352

xv

82 A preliminary analysis of collocational differencesin monolingual comparable corpora 366

83 A corpus-based view of similarity and difference in translation 384

VOLUME V

Acknowledgements vii

PART 9

Critical discourse analysis / evaluation / stylistics / rhetoric 1

84 Speaking and writing in the university: a multidimensionalcomparison 3 , , ,

85 Description and interpretation in critical discourse analysis 42

86 Corpus evidence on Australian style and usage 54

87 Corpus, comparison, culture: doing the same thingsdifferently in different cultures 68

88 Footing shift for attribution: ‘According to the New YorkTimes this morning . . .’ 88

89 Modal verbs in academic writing 109

90 Compressed noun-phrase structures in newspaper discourse:the competing demands of popularization vs. economy 130

91 A province of a federal superstate ruled by an unelectedbureaucracy: keywords of the Euro-sceptic discoursein Britain 142

xvi

92 Ethnic, racial and tribal: the language of racism? 179

93 On the use of corpora in the analysis of forensic texts 201

94 Domestic discord, rocky relationships: semantic prosodies inrepresentations of marital violence in the O.J. Simpson trial 219

95 Corpus-based analysis of evaluative lexis 244

PART 10

Language history / historical linguistics 265

96 Gender differences in the evolution of standard English:evidence from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence 267

97 Politeness and modal meaning in the construction ofhumiliative discourse in an early eighteenth-century networkof patron–client relationships 288

98 Grammaticalisation from side to side: on the developmentof beside(s) 318

99 Advanced research on syntactic and semantic change withthe Corpus del Español 337

100 Collocational and idiomatic aspects of verbs in EarlyModern English: a corpus-based study of MAKE, HAVE,GIVE, TAKE, and DO 349

101 Three changing patterns of verb complementation in LateModern English: a real-time study based on matchingtext corpora 386

xvii

VOLUME VI

Acknowledgements vii

PART 11

Language teaching 1

102 Should you be persuaded: two samples of data-drivenlearning materials 3

103 The pedagogical value of native and learner corporain EFL grammar teaching 23

104 A bird’s-eye view of learner corpus research 44

105 Cross-disciplinary comparisons of hedging: some findingsfrom the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English 73

106 English writing by Dutch–speaking students 92

107 Corpora in the classroom: an overview and some reflectionson future developments 102

108 A new academic word list 123

109 A corpus-based approach to Modern Greek languageresearch and teaching 150 ,

110 Norms for the Indian English classroom: a corpus-linguisticperspective 157

xviii

PART 12

Spoken language / discourse studies 175

111 Integrated and fragmented worlds: EAP materials and corpuslinguistics 177

112 Engaged listenership in spoken academic discourse: the case ofstudent–tutor meetings 196

113 The corpus of English as lingua franca in academic settings 217

114 The performance of speech acts in workplace conversationsand the teaching of communicative functions 232

115 Common language: corpus, creativity and cognition 251

116 Functional grammar and discourse studies 276

117 Talking back: “Small” interactional response tokensin everyday conversation 292

118 Spoken corpus design 320

119 The spoken language corpus: a foundation forgrammatical theory 334 . .

Index 363

xix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Routledge for providing us with this unique opportunity, and theauthors and publishers of the articles in this collection for their permis-sion to reprint them. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of severaleminent scholars in the field who commented on our initial contents list:John Sinclair, Douglas Biber, Graeme Kennedy, Michael Stubbs, BengtAltenberg, and Patrick Hanks. Unfortunately, for various logistical reasons,we were not always able to implement all of their suggestions. The final selec-tion is therefore the sole responsibility of the co-editors, and we apologiseheartily to the numerous authors whose significant articles we were unableto include in the final version.

We would like to thank Simon Alexander (of Routledge) for the support wereceived from the publisher. And finally, we express our sincerest gratitudeto María Oset García in the early stages, and Iztok Kosem during the finalstages, for their administrative assistance.

The publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reprinttheir material:

Mouton de Gruyter for permission to reprint Wallace Chafe, ‘The Import-ance of Corpus Linguistics to Understanding the Nature of Language’,in J. Svartvik (ed.), Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of NobelSymposium 82, 1992, pp. 79–97.

Rodopi for permission to reprint Jan Aarts, ‘Does Corpus Linguistics Exist?Some Old and New Issues’, in L. E. Breivik and A. Hasselgren (eds.), Fromthe COLT’s Mouth . . . and Others: Language Corpora Studies in Honour ofAnna-Brita Stenström, 2002, pp. 1–16.

John Benjamins Publishing Company and the ‘Foundation of Language’for permission to reprint Elena Tognini-Bonelli, ‘The corpus-driven ap-proach’, in Corpus Linguistics at Work, www.benjamins.com, pp. 84–100.

Robert de Beaugrande for permission to reprint Robert de Beaugrande,‘ “Corporate Bridges” Twixt Text and Language’, www.beaugrande.com/

xx

Corporate%20Bridges.htm. specially edited version for this publication,pp. 1–18.

Pearson Education Limited for permission to reprint Gerry Knowles,‘Corpora, Databases and the Organization of Linguistic Data’, in J. Thomasand M. Short (eds.), Using Corpora for Language Research: Studies in Honourof Geoffrey Leech, 1996, pp. 36–53. © Longman Group Limited 1996.

Wolfgang Teubert for permission to reprint Wolfgang Teubert, ‘Writing,Hermeneutics, and Corpus Linguistics’, Logos and Language, 4, 2, 2004,pp. 1–17.

Rodopi for permission to reprint Hans Lindquist and Magnus Levin,‘Apples and Oranges: On Comparing Data from Different Corpora’, inC. Mair and M. Hundt (eds.), Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory,2000, pp. 201–214.

Rodopi for permission to reprint Bas Aarts, ‘Corpus Linguistics, Chomskyand Fuzzy Tree Fragments’, in Christian Mair and Marianne Hundt (eds.),Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 2001, pp. 5–13.

John Sinclair for permission to reprint John Sinclair, ‘Meaning in the Frame-work of Corpus Linguistics’, in W. Teubert (ed.), Lexicographica, 2005,pp. 20–32.

Mouton de Gruyter for permission to reprint Charles Fillmore, ‘ “CorpusLinguistics” or “Computer-aided Armchair Linguistics” ’, in J. Svartvik (ed.),Directions in Corpus Linguistics, 1992, pp. 35–60.

John Sinclair and Susan Jones for permission to reprint John Sinclair andSusan Jones, ‘English Lexical Collocations’, in Cahiers de Lexicologie, 1974,pp. 15–61.

Continuum International Publishing Group for permission to reprint JohnSinclair and Wolfgang Teubert, ‘Interview with John Sinclair, conductedby Wolfgang Teubert’, in R. Krishnamurthy (ed.), J. Sinclair, S. Jones andR. Daley, English Collocation Studies: The OSTI Report, 2004, pp. xvii–xxix.

Mrs Nearlene J. Francis for permission to reprint W. Nelson Francis, ‘Prob-lems of Assembling and Computerizing Large Corpora’, in S. Johansson(ed.), Computer Corpora in English Language Research, 1982, pp. 7–24.

Randolph Quirk for permission to reprint Randolph Quirk, ‘Towards aDescription of English Usage’, Transactions of the Philological Society, 1960,pp. 40–61.

Geoffrey Leech for permission to reprint Geoffrey Leech, ‘The Value of aCorpus in English Language Research: A Reappraisal’, in Linguistic Fiesta:Festschrift for Professor Hisao Kakehi, 1990, pp. 115–126.

xxi

The Henry Sweet Society and Jacqueline Léon for permission to reprintJacqueline Léon, ‘Claimed and Unclaimed Sources of Corpus Linguistics’,Henry Sweet Society Bulletin, 44, 2005, pp. 36–50.

Disclaimer

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holdersof works reprinted in the Corpus Linguistics: Critical Concepts in Linguis-tics. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcomecorrespondence from those individuals/companies whom we have been unableto trace.

xxii

xxiii

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esh

Kri

shna

mur

thy

John

Sin

clai

r

John

Kir

kC

hris

tian

Mai

r

On

the

use

of c

orpo

ra i

n th

e an

alys

isof

for

ensi

c te

xts

A c

orpu

s-ba

sed

appr

oach

to

Mod

ern

Gre

ek l

angu

age

rese

arch

and

teac

hing

Tow

ards

an

Eng

lish–

Nor

weg

ian

para

llel

corp

us

Col

loca

tion

s an

d se

man

tic

profi

les:

on t

he c

ause

of

the

trou

ble

wit

hqu

anti

tati

ve s

tudi

esT

owar

ds a

cor

pus-

base

d ap

proa

chto

ter

min

ogra

phy

AU

TA

SYS:

gra

mm

atic

al t

aggi

ngan

d cr

oss-

tags

et m

appi

ng

Cor

pora

, da

taba

ses

and

the

orga

nisa

tion

of

lingu

isti

c da

ta

Eth

nic,

rac

ial

and

trib

al:

the

lang

uage

of

raci

sm?

The

sea

rch

for

unit

s of

mea

ning

Subo

rdin

ate

clau

ses

in E

nglis

hP

aral

lel

corp

ora:

a r

eal-

tim

eap

proa

ch t

o th

e st

udy

of l

angu

age

chan

ge i

n pr

ogre

ss

For

ensi

c L

ingu

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cs:

The

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erna

tion

al J

ourn

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Spe

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d th

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Wid

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pus

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h,O

xfor

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V VI

II III

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93 109 20 50 56 33 5 92 41 68 22

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Chr

onol

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con

tinu

ed

Dat

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Sou

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Vol

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hap.

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1997

1997

1998

1998

1998

1999

1999

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Oliv

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Kar

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Ron

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Nat

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tras

tive

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isti

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PC

ana

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wor

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and

key

key

wor

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he c

ompu

ter

lear

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corp

us:

a ve

rsat

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e of

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rSL

A r

esea

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Ent

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con

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chan

ging

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Epi

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Swed

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Adv

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Wor

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III

IV II II III

IV IV IV VI

III

46 80 32 26 48 72 75 74 115 44

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1999

2000

2000

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2000

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2000

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John

Flo

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Pie

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Mer

ja K

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Jenn

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Bas

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Geo

ff B

arnb

rook

Joan

na C

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d

Ave

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Cox

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Dor

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Ken

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Han

s L

indq

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and

Mag

nus

Lev

in

Des

crip

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and

int

erpr

etat

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incr

itic

al d

isco

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ana

lysi

sE

nglis

h w

riti

ng b

y D

utch

–spe

akin

gst

uden

ts

Col

loca

tion

al a

nd i

diom

atic

asp

ects

of v

erbs

in

Ear

ly M

oder

n E

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h: a

corp

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dy o

f M

AK

E,

HA

VE

, G

IVE

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AK

E,

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DO

Com

men

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céde

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x él

émen

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es t

exte

ssp

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?C

orpu

s lin

guis

tics

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hom

sky

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fuzz

y tr

ee f

ragm

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Lex

is a

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exic

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s: t

hevo

cabu

lary

of

dict

iona

ry d

efini

tion

s

Cor

pus-

base

d an

alys

is o

f ev

alua

tive

lexi

s

Will

cor

pus

lingu

isti

cs r

evol

utio

nize

gram

mar

tea

chin

g in

the

21s

tce

ntur

y?A

new

aca

dem

ic w

ord

list

Tra

nsla

tors

at

play

: ex

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tati

ons

ofco

lloca

tion

al n

orm

s in

Ger

man

–E

nglis

h tr

ansl

atio

nA

pple

s an

d or

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mpa

ring

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fro

m d

iffe

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Jour

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Sin

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Ret

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Eng

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Lan

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e R

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Dis

cour

seA

naly

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18,

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Eva

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inT

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d th

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onst

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isco

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xfor

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TE

SO

L Q

uart

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34:

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48–

560

TE

SO

L Q

uart

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34:

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13–

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B.

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d (e

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V VI

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I III

V IV VI

IV I

85 106

100 59 8 52 95 64 108 76 7

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Chr

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Re

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Ren

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Gen

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Eng

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s of

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ly E

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orre

spon

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sian

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Wes

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s?C

ollo

cati

ons

in S

inga

pore

an-

Mal

aysi

an E

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h

Cor

pus

evid

ence

on

Aus

tral

ian

styl

ean

d us

age

Sem

anti

c pr

osod

ies

in E

nglis

h an

dP

ortu

gues

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con

tras

tive

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dyM

eani

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atio

n of

mar

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The

det

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anua

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d te

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Fis

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tion

equ

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g gr

amm

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ncho

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rom

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Ros

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o th

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form

atio

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ciet

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sur

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ofpa

ralle

l te

xt p

roce

ssin

gP

aral

lel

corp

ora

in t

rans

lati

onst

udie

s: i

ssue

s in

cor

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desi

gn a

ndan

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is

Kal

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9:3,

71–

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Jour

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: Jo

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63–1

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uade

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Filo

logí

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a (S

pain

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urci

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3–1

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p L

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e 2n

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hop

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ingu

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cally

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rpre

ted

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uxem

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atio

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Jour

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ingu

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J. V

éron

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ordr

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05–1

18

III

V III

V III

II II IV II IV

45 96 51 86 43 34 28 78 30 77

xxix

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

2002

2002

Ben

gt A

lten

berg

Stev

en B

ird

and

Mar

k L

iber

man

Jane

t C

otte

rill

Ada

m K

ilgar

riff

Ros

amun

d M

oon

John

Sw

ales

Wol

fgan

g T

eube

rt

Geo

ff T

hom

pson

Ele

na T

ogni

ni-

Bon

elli

Jan

Aar

ts

Dou

glas

Bib

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Susa

nC

onra

d, R

andi

Rep

pen,

Pat

Byr

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d M

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Hel

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On

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phra

seol

ogy

of s

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nE

nglis

h: t

he e

vide

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of r

ecur

rent

wor

d-co

mbi

nati

ons

A f

orm

al f

ram

ewor

k fo

r lin

guis

tic

anno

tati

onD

omes

tic

disc

ord,

roc

kyre

lati

onsh

ips:

sem

anti

c pr

osod

ies

inre

pres

enta

tion

s of

mar

ital

vio

lenc

e in

the

O.

J. S

imps

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rial

Com

pari

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ra

The

dis

trib

utio

n of

idi

oms

in E

nglis

h

Inte

grat

ed a

nd f

ragm

ente

d w

orld

s:E

AP

mat

eria

ls a

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orpu

s lin

guis

tics

A p

rovi

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of a

fed

eral

sup

erst

ate

rule

d by

an

unel

ecte

d bu

reau

crac

y:ke

ywor

ds o

f th

e E

uro-

scep

tic

disc

ours

e in

Bri

tain

Cor

pus,

com

pari

son,

cul

ture

: do

ing

the

sam

e th

ings

dif

fere

ntly

in

diff

eren

t cu

ltur

es

The

cor

pus-

driv

en a

ppro

ach

Doe

s co

rpus

lin

guis

tics

exi

st?

Som

e ol

d an

d ne

w i

ssue

s

Spea

king

and

wri

ting

in

the

univ

ersi

ty:

a m

ulti

dim

ensi

onal

com

pari

son

III

II V II III

VI

V V I I V

53 35 94 29 49 111 91 87 3 2 84

A.

P.

Cow

ie (

ed.)

, P

hras

eolo

gy:

The

ory,

Ana

lysi

s,an

d A

pplic

atio

ns,

Oxf

ord:

Cla

rend

on P

ress

,pp

. 10

1–12

2S

peec

h C

omm

unic

atio

n 33

:1–2

, 23

–60

Dis

cour

se a

nd S

ocie

ty,

12:3

, 29

1–31

2

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

6:1

,97

–133

S. N

ucco

rini

(ed

.),

Whe

n a

Tor

ch B

ecom

es a

Can

dle:

Var

iati

on i

n P

hras

eolo

gy,

SIL

TA

, 30

:2,

229

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J. F

low

erde

w (

ed.)

, A

cade

mic

Dis

cour

se,

Lon

don:

Lon

gman

, pp

. 15

3–16

7C

. G

ood,

A.

Mus

olff

, P

. P

oint

s an

d R

. W

ittl

inge

r(e

ds.)

, A

ttit

udes

Tow

ards

Eur

ope,

Abi

ngdo

n:A

shga

te,

pp.

45–

86

M.

Gha

dess

y, R

. R

oseb

erry

and

A.

Hen

ry (

eds.

),S

mal

l C

orpu

s S

tudi

es a

nd E

LT

: T

heor

y an

dP

ract

ice ,

Am

ster

dam

: Jo

hn B

enja

min

s,pp

. 31

1–33

4E

lena

Tog

nini

-Bon

elli,

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

at

Wor

k, A

mst

erda

m:

John

Ben

jam

ins,

pp.

84

–100

L.

E.

Bre

ivik

and

A.

Has

selg

ren

(eds

.),

Fro

m t

heC

OL

T’s

mou

th. .

. and

oth

ers:

Lan

guag

e co

rpor

ast

udie

s in

hon

our

of A

nna-

Bri

ta S

tens

tröm

,A

mst

erda

m:

Rod

opi,

pp.

1–16

TE

SO

L Q

uart

erly

36:

1, 9

–48

xxx

Chr

onol

ogic

al T

able

con

tinu

ed

Dat

eA

utho

rT

itle

Sou

rce

Vol

.C

hap.

Lou

Bur

nard

Chr

isti

neC

hodk

iew

icz,

Did

ier

Bou

riga

ult

and

John

Hum

bley

Her

vé D

éjea

n an

dÉ

ric

Gau

ssie

r

Tom

ao E

rjav

ec

Susa

n F

itzm

auri

ce

Sylv

iane

Gra

nger

Geo

ffre

y L

eech

Chr

isti

an M

air

Whe

re d

id w

e go

wro

ng?

Are

tros

pect

ive

look

at

the

Bri

tish

Nat

iona

l C

orpu

sM

akin

g a

wor

kabl

e gl

ossa

ry o

ut o

fa

spec

ialis

ed c

orpu

s: t

erm

ext

ract

ion

and

expe

rt k

now

ledg

e

Une

nou

velle

app

roch

e à

l’ext

ract

ion

de l

exiq

ues

bilin

gues

à p

arti

r de

corp

us c

ompa

rabl

es

Com

pilin

g an

d us

ing

the

IJS-

EL

AN

para

llel

corp

usP

olit

enes

s an

d m

odal

mea

ning

in

the

cons

truc

tion

of

hum

iliat

ive

disc

ours

ein

an

earl

y ei

ghte

enth

-cen

tury

netw

ork

of p

atro

n–cl

ient

rela

tion

ship

sA

bir

d’s-

eye

view

of

lear

ner

corp

usre

sear

ch

Cor

pora

Thr

ee c

hang

ing

patt

erns

of

verb

com

plem

enta

tion

in

Lat

e M

oder

nE

nglis

h: a

rea

l-ti

me

stud

y ba

sed

onm

atch

ing

text

cor

pora

B.

Ket

tem

ann

and

G.

Mar

ko (

eds.

), T

each

ing

and

Lea

rnin

g by

Doi

ng C

orpu

s A

naly

sis,

Am

ster

dam

/N

ew Y

ork:

Rod

opi,

pp.

51–

70B

. A

lten

berg

and

S.

Gra

nger

(ed

s.),

Lex

is i

nC

ontr

ast:

Cor

pus-

base

d A

ppro

ache

s, S

tudi

es i

nC

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs,

7, A

mst

erda

m/P

hila

delp

hia:

John

Ben

jam

ins,

pp.

249

–26

7L

exic

omet

rica

, E

lect

roni

c Jo

urna

l, Sp

ecia

l is

sue

on a

ligne

d co

rpor

a, p

p. 1

–22.

(ht

tp://

ww

w.c

avi/

univ

-par

is3.

fr/l

exic

omet

rica

/the

ma

/the

ma6

/D

ejea

n.pd

f )In

form

atic

a 26

:3,

299

–30

7

Eng

lish

Lan

guag

e an

d L

ingu

isti

cs 6

:2,

239

–26

5

S. G

rang

er,

J. H

ung,

and

S.

Pet

ch-T

yson

(ed

s.),

Com

pute

r L

earn

er C

orpo

ra,

Sec

ond

Lan

guag

eA

cqui

siti

on a

nd F

orei

gn L

angu

age

Tea

chin

g,A

mst

erda

m/P

hila

delp

hia:

Ben

jam

ins,

pp.

3–

33K

. M

alm

kjae

r (e

d.),

The

Lin

guis

tics

Enc

yclo

pedi

a,L

ondo

n: R

outl

edge

, pp

. 84

–93

Eng

lish

Lan

guag

e an

d L

ingu

isti

cs 6

:1,

105–

131

II III

IV II V VI

II V

19 58 79 18 97 104 17 101

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

xxxi

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2002

2003

Fan

ny M

euni

er

Cha

rles

Mey

er

Die

ter

Min

dt

Joyb

rato

Muk

herj

ee

Mic

hael

P.

Oak

esan

d B

arba

raL

ewan

dow

ska-

Tom

aszc

zyk

Dea

nna

Poo

s an

dR

ita

Sim

pson

Pau

l T

hom

pson

Geo

ffre

y W

illia

ms

Sue

Atk

ins,

Cha

rles

Fill

mor

e an

dC

hris

toph

er J

ohns

on

The

ped

agog

ical

val

ue o

f na

tive

and

lear

ner

corp

ora

in E

FL

gra

mm

arte

achi

ng

Fun

ctio

nal

gram

mar

and

dis

cour

sest

udie

s

Wha

t is

a g

ram

mat

ical

rul

e?

Nor

ms

for

the

Indi

an E

nglis

hcl

assr

oom

: a

corp

us-l

ingu

isti

cpe

rspe

ctiv

eB

i- a

nd t

rilin

gual

alig

nmen

t an

dco

ncor

danc

ing

as m

achi

ne a

ids

tohu

man

tra

nsla

tion

Cro

ss-d

isci

plin

ary

com

pari

sons

of

hedg

ing:

som

e fin

ding

s fr

om t

heM

ichi

gan

Cor

pus

of A

cade

mic

Spok

en E

nglis

hM

odal

ver

bs i

n ac

adem

ic w

riti

ng

In s

earc

h of

rep

rese

ntat

ivit

y in

spec

ialis

ed c

orpo

ra:

cate

gori

sati

onth

roug

h co

lloca

tion

Lex

icog

raph

ic r

elev

ance

: se

lect

ing

info

rmat

ion

from

cor

pus

evid

ence

S. G

rang

er,

J. H

ung

and

S. T

yson

(ed

s.),

Com

pute

r L

earn

er C

orpo

ra,

Sec

ond

Lan

guag

eA

cqui

siti

on a

nd F

orei

gn L

angu

age

Tea

chin

g ,A

mst

erda

m/P

hila

delp

hia:

Ben

jam

ins,

pp.

119

–141

E.

Bar

ton

and

G.

Styg

all

(eds

.),

Dis

cour

se S

tudi

esin

Com

posi

tion

, C

ress

kill,

NJ:

Ham

pton

Pre

ss,

pp.

71–8

9L

. E

. B

reiv

ik a

nd A

. H

asse

lgre

n (e

ds.)

, F

rom

the

CO

LT

’s m

outh

. .. a

nd o

ther

s’:

Lan

guag

e C

orpo

raS

tudi

es i

n H

onou

r of

Ann

a-B

rita

Ste

nstr

öm,

Am

ster

dam

and

New

Yor

k: R

odop

i, pp

. 19

7–21

2In

dian

Jou

rnal

of

App

lied

Lin

guis

tics

28:

2, 6

3–

82

B.

Lew

ando

wsk

a-T

omas

zczy

k an

d M

. T

hele

n(e

ds.)

, T

rans

lati

on a

nd M

eani

ng,

Par

t 6,

Pro

ceed

ings

of

the

Lod

z Se

ssio

n of

the

1st

Inte

rnat

iona

l M

aast

rict

-Lod

z D

uo C

ollo

quiu

mon

Tra

nsla

tion

and

Mea

ning

, M

aast

rich

t:H

oges

choo

l Z

uyd,

Maa

stri

cht

Scho

ol o

fT

rans

lati

on a

nd I

nter

pret

ing

R.

Rep

pen,

S.

M.

Fit

zmau

rice

and

D.

Bib

er(e

ds.)

, U

sing

Cor

pora

to

Exp

lore

Lin

guis

tic

Var

iati

on,

Am

ster

dam

: Jo

hn B

enja

min

s, p

p. 3

–23

B.

Ket

tem

ann

and

G.

Mar

ko (

eds.

), T

each

ing

and

Lea

rnin

g by

Doi

ng C

orpu

s A

naly

sis,

Am

ster

dam

: R

odop

i, pp

. 30

5–3

25In

tern

atio

nal

Jour

nal

of C

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs 7

:1,

43–6

4

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of

Lex

icog

raph

y 16

:3,

251–

280

VI

VI

IV VI

II VI

V III

III

103

116 63 110 39 105 89 57 55

xxxii

Chr

onol

ogic

al T

able

con

tinu

ed

Dat

eA

utho

rT

itle

Sou

rce

Vol

.C

hap.

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

Mar

co B

aron

i an

dSi

lvia

Ber

nard

ini

Dou

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Bib

er

Nic

olet

ta C

alzo

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Fio

na F

arr

Gill

Fra

ncis

Ana

Fra

nken

berg

-G

arci

a

Mic

hael

Hoe

y

Stig

Joh

anss

on

A p

relim

inar

y an

alys

is o

fco

lloca

tion

al d

iffe

renc

es i

nm

onol

ingu

al c

ompa

rabl

e co

rpor

a

Com

pres

sed

noun

-phr

ase

stru

ctur

esin

new

spap

er d

isco

urse

: th

eco

mpe

ting

dem

ands

of

popu

lari

zati

on v

s. e

cono

my

Cor

pus-

base

d le

xico

n bu

ildin

g: a

nov

ervi

ew a

cros

s pr

ojec

ts,

prob

lem

s,ap

proa

ches

Eng

aged

lis

tene

rshi

p in

spo

ken

acad

emic

dis

cour

se:

the

case

of

stud

ent–

tuto

r m

eeti

ngs

A c

orpu

s-dr

iven

app

roac

h to

gram

mar

: pr

inci

ples

, m

etho

ds a

ndex

ampl

es

Los

t in

par

alle

l co

ncor

danc

es

Why

gra

mm

ar i

s be

yond

bel

ief

Con

tras

tive

lin

guis

tics

and

cor

pora

D.

Arc

her,

P.

Ray

son,

A.

Wils

on a

nd T

. M

cEne

ry(e

ds.)

, P

roce

edin

gs o

f th

e C

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs 2

003

Con

fere

nce,

UC

RE

L,

Tec

hnic

al P

aper

num

ber

16,

Spec

ial

issu

e, L

anca

ster

: U

CR

EL

, L

anca

ster

Uni

vers

ity,

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itch

ison

and

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is (

eds.

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ew M

edia

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cour

se,

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don:

Rou

tled

ge,

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A.

Zam

polli

, N

. C

alzo

lari

and

L.

Cig

noni

(ed

s.),

Com

puta

tion

al L

ingu

isti

cs i

n P

isa

– L

ingu

isti

caC

ompu

tazi

onal

e a

Pis

a, S

peci

al I

ssue

of

Lin

guis

tica

Com

puta

zion

ale

16–1

7:1

(Pis

a-R

oma:

IEP

I),

79–1

16Jo

urna

l of

Eng

lish

for

Aca

dem

ic P

urpo

ses

2:2,

67–

85

M.

Bak

er,

G.

Fra

ncis

and

E.

Tog

nini

-Bon

elli

(eds

.),

Tex

t an

d T

echn

olog

y: I

n H

onou

r of

Joh

nS

incl

air,

Am

ster

dam

/Phi

lade

lphi

a: J

ohn

Ben

jam

ins,

pp.

137

–156

G.

Ast

on,

S. B

erna

rdin

i an

d D

. St

ewar

t (e

ds.)

,C

orpo

ra i

n T

rans

lati

on E

duca

tion

, M

anch

este

r:St

Jer

ome,

pp.

15

–24

Bel

gian

Jou

rnal

of

Eng

lish

Lan

guag

e an

dL

iter

atur

es,

Spec

ial

Issu

e: 1

83–1

96S.

Gra

nger

, J.

Ler

ot a

nd S

. P

etch

-Tys

on (

eds.

),C

orpu

s-B

ased

App

roac

hes

to C

ontr

asti

veL

ingu

isti

cs a

nd T

rans

lati

on S

tudi

es,

Am

ster

dam

:R

odop

i, pp

. 31

–44

IV V III

VI

IV IV IV IV

82 90 47 112 66 71 65 73

xxxiii

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

2004

2004

Gör

an K

jellm

er

Alm

ut K

oest

er

Mic

hael

a M

ahlb

erg

Ann

a M

aura

nen

Mic

hael

McC

arth

y

Ala

n P

arti

ngto

n

Jenn

ifer

Pea

rson

Wol

fgan

g T

eube

rt

Mon

a B

aker

Silv

ia B

erna

rdin

i

IV VI

IV VI

VI

V IV I IV VI

69 114 61 113

117 88 70 6 83 107

Lex

ical

gap

s

The

per

form

ance

of

spee

ch a

cts

inw

orkp

lace

con

vers

atio

ns a

nd t

hete

achi

ng o

f co

mm

unic

ativ

e fu

ncti

ons

The

tex

tlin

guis

tic

dim

ensi

on o

fco

rpus

lin

guis

tics

: th

e su

ppor

tfu

ncti

on o

f E

nglis

h ge

nera

l no

uns

and

its

theo

reti

cal

impl

icat

ions

The

cor

pus

of E

nglis

h as

lin

gua

fran

ca i

n ac

adem

ic s

etti

ngs

Tal

king

bac

k: “

smal

l” i

nter

acti

onal

resp

onse

tok

ens

in e

very

day

conv

ersa

tion

Foo

ting

shi

ft f

or a

ttri

buti

on:

‘acc

ordi

ng t

o th

e N

ew Y

ork

Tim

esth

is m

orni

ng. .

.’U

sing

par

alle

l te

xts

in t

he t

rans

lato

rtr

aini

ng e

nvir

onm

ent

Wri

ting

, he

rmen

euti

cs,

and

corp

uslin

guis

tics

A c

orpu

s-ba

sed

view

of

sim

ilari

tyan

d di

ffer

ence

in

tran

slat

ion

Cor

pora

in

the

clas

sroo

m:

anov

ervi

ew a

nd s

ome

refle

ctio

ns o

nfu

ture

dev

elop

men

ts

S. G

rang

er a

nd S

. P

etch

-Tys

on (

eds.

), E

xten

ding

the

Sco

pe o

f C

orpu

s-B

ased

Res

earc

h , A

mst

erda

m/

New

Yor

k: R

odop

i, pp

. 14

9–1

58S

yste

m 3

0:2,

167

–184

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

8:1

,97

–108

TE

SO

L Q

uart

erly

37:

3, 5

13–

527

J. C

oupl

and

(ed.

), S

peci

al i

ssue

on

Sm

all

Tal

k,R

esea

rch

on L

angu

age

and

Soc

ial

Inte

ract

ion

36:1

, 33

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A.

Par

ting

ton,

The

Lin

guis

tics

of

Pol

itic

alA

rgum

ent,

Lon

don:

Rou

tled

ge,

pp.

90–1

08

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Zan

etti

, S.

Ber

nard

ini

and

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Stew

art

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Cor

pora

in

Tra

nsla

tion

Edu

cati

on,

Man

ches

ter:

St

Jero

me,

pp.

15

–24

Log

os a

nd L

angu

age

4:2,

1–1

7

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

9:2

,16

7–19

3J.

Sin

clai

r (e

d.),

How

to

Use

Cor

pora

in

Lan

guag

eT

each

ing,

Am

ster

dam

: B

enja

min

s, p

p. 1

5–

36

xxxiv

Chr

onol

ogic

al T

able

con

tinu

ed

Dat

eA

utho

rT

itle

Sou

rce

Vol

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hap.

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

Mic

hael

A.

K.

Hal

liday

Mic

hael

Hoe

y

Ran

di R

eppe

n an

dN

ancy

Ide

Mat

ti R

issa

nen

John

Sin

clai

r

John

Sin

clai

r an

dW

olfg

ang

Teu

bert

K.

Aijm

er a

nd B

. A

lten

berg

(ed

s.),

Adv

ance

s in

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

: P

aper

s fr

om t

he 2

3rd

Inte

rnat

iona

l C

onfe

renc

e on

Eng

lish

Lan

guag

eR

esea

rch

on C

ompu

teri

zed

Cor

pora

(IC

AM

E 2

3),

Göt

ebor

g 22

–26

May

200

2, A

mst

erda

m:

Rod

opi,

pp.

11–3

8K

. A

ijmer

and

B.

Alt

enbe

rg (

eds.

), A

dvan

ces

inC

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs,

Pap

ers

from

the

23r

dIn

tern

atio

nal

Con

fere

nce

on E

nglis

h L

angu

age

Res

earc

h on

Com

pute

rize

d C

orpo

ra (

ICA

ME

23)

,G

öteb

org

22–

26 M

ay 2

002,

Am

ster

dam

: R

odop

i,pp

. 17

1–19

4Jo

urna

l of

Eng

lish

Lin

guis

tics

32:

2, 1

05–1

13

H.

Lin

dqui

st a

nd C

. M

air

(eds

.),

Cor

pus

App

roac

hes

to G

ram

mat

ical

izat

ion

in E

nglis

h,A

mst

erda

m/P

hila

delp

hia:

Joh

n B

enja

min

s,pp

. 15

1–17

0K

. A

ijmer

and

B.

Alt

enbe

rg (

eds.

), A

dvan

ces

inC

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs,

Pap

ers

from

the

23r

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tern

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nglis

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pute

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23)

,G

öteb

org

22–2

6 M

ay 2

002,

Am

ster

dam

: R

odop

i,pp

. 39

–60

R.

Kri

shna

mur

thy

(ed.

), J

. S

incl

air,

S.

Jone

s an

dR

. D

aley

, E

nglis

h C

ollo

cati

on S

tudi

es:

The

OS

TI

Rep

ort,

Lon

don

/New

Yor

k: C

onti

nuum

,pp

. xv

ii–xx

ix

VI

III

II V II I

119 54 21 98 37 12

The

spo

ken

lang

uage

cor

pus:

afo

unda

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for

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mm

atic

al t

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Tex

tual

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ligat

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a s

peci

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ind

ofle

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l pr

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g

The

Am

eric

an N

atio

nal

Cor

pus:

over

all

goal

s an

d th

e fir

st r

elea

seG

ram

mat

ical

isat

ion

from

sid

e to

side

: on

the

dev

elop

men

t of

bes

ide(

s)

Intu

itio

n an

d an

nota

tion

: th

edi

scus

sion

con

tinu

es

Inte

rvie

w w

ith

John

Sin

clai

r,co

nduc

ted

by W

olfg

ang

Teu

bert

xxxv

2005

2005

2005

2005

2006

2006

2007

Mar

k D

avie

s

Mar

tin

Gel

lers

tam

Jacq

uelin

e L

éon

John

Sin

clai

r

Zhi

wei

Fen

g

Ute

Röm

er

Rob

ert

deB

eaug

rand

e

Adv

ance

d re

sear

ch o

n sy

ntac

tic

and

sem

anti

c ch

ange

wit

h th

e C

orpu

s de

lE

spañ

ol

Fin

gerp

rint

s in

tra

nsla

tion

Cla

imed

and

unc

laim

ed s

ourc

es o

fco

rpus

lin

guis

tics

Mea

ning

in

the

fram

ewor

k of

cor

pus

lingu

isti

csE

volu

tion

and

pre

sent

sit

uati

on o

fco

rpus

res

earc

h in

Chi

naL

ooki

ng a

t lo

okin

g: f

unct

ions

and

cont

exts

of

prog

ress

ives

in

spok

enE

nglis

h an

d ‘s

choo

l’ E

nglis

h

‘Cor

pora

te b

ridg

es’

twix

t te

xt a

ndla

ngua

ge

C.

Pus

ch,

J. K

abat

ek a

nd W

. R

aibl

e (e

ds.)

,R

oman

ce C

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs I

I: C

orpo

ra a

ndD

iach

roni

c L

ingu

isti

cs,

Tüb

inge

n: G

unte

r N

arr

Ver

lag,

pp.

203

–21

4G

. A

nder

man

(ed

.),

In a

nd O

ut o

f E

nglis

h: F

orB

ette

r, f

or W

orse

?, C

leve

don:

Mul

tilin

gual

Mat

ters

; T

oron

to:

Uni

vers

ity

of T

oron

to P

ress

,pp

. 20

1–21

3H

enry

Sw

eet

Soc

iety

Bul

leti

n 44

, 36

–50

W.

Teu

bert

(ed

.),

Lex

icog

raph

ica,

Tub

inge

n: M

axN

iem

eyer

, pp

. 20

–32

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of

Cor

pus

Lin

guis

tics

11:

2,17

3–2

07A

. R

enou

f an

d A

. K

ehoe

(ed

s.),

The

Cha

ngin

gF

ace

of C

orpu

s L

ingu

isti

cs,

Pap

ers

from

the

24t

hIn

tern

atio

nal

Con

fere

nce

on E

nglis

h L

angu

age

Res

earc

h on

Com

pute

rize

d C

orpo

ra (

ICA

ME

),A

mst

erda

m:

Rod

opi,

pp.

231–

242

ww

w.b

eaug

rand

e.co

m (

spec

ially

edi

ted

vers

ion

for

this

pub

licat

ion)

, pp

. 1–

18

V IV I I II IV I

99 81 16 9 27 60 4

xxxvi

xxxvii

FOREWORD

This collection has been over two years in gestation. We started with anextremely ambitious vision, to cover not only the very early origins ofcorpus linguistics (in works such as that by Zipf, Herdan, and Firth) butalso the recent global spread of corpus activities in many languages, under-taken for various different purposes and applications.

However, during the period of preparation, we were gradually forcedto accept that, despite the seemingly generous allocation of space in thesevolumes, we would not be able to achieve anything like the breadth ofcoverage we had envisaged. We eventually realized that the most we coulddo would be to provide a sample of some important papers in the field, inthe hope of stimulating the readers’ interest sufficiently to convince themto pursue the numerous related works mentioned in the references andbibliographies.