Chapter 11 Section 4

Anawratha Ankor Wat Trung Trac Trung Nhi

Geography of southeast Asia

Lies between Indian and Pacific Oceans

Two major parts• Indochina-mainland

peninsula borders China in the North, India to the west

• Largest islands, Borneo, Sumatra, Java

Cambodia Laos Viet Nam Part of Malaysia Myanmar Thailand Several rivers flow

south Mountains offer

limited contact

Tropics- warm and humid

Seas and straits separate islands

Political power rest in controlling trade routes

Lies on direct sea route of India and China

India merchant ships arrived in first century

Hindu and Buddhist missionaries

Kingdoms modeled on religion and India

Seen in language (sanskrit), religions and art forms

Indian Muslims brought Islam

In early 1000’s Muslims controlled most of Northern India

Muslim traders spread Islam throughout the islands

Traded for spices and aromatic products

Chinese culture spread through migration

Sometimes exerted political influence

840’s Burma established kingdom of Pagan

Located in the Irrawaddy River valley

Anawrahta ruled for 33 years

United much of Myanmar

Conquests provided access to sea ports

Supported Theravada Buddhism

Built thousands of temples

Center for Buddhist learning

Marco Polo visited

In present day Cambodia

Main power of Southeast Asia mainland

Empire peaked in 1200

Improved rice cultivation

Built irrigation systems

Grow three or four crops of rice

Ankor Wat- one of the world’s greatest architectural achievements

Covers one square mile

Dedicated to Vishnu

Sailendra-ruled agricultural kingdom of Java

Borobudur-Buddhist temple• Has nine terraces• Built like a pyramid

Srivijaya took power Ruled 7th to 13

century

Adopted Hinduism as well as Buddhism

Chinese students would study for a year before going to India

1025 Empire weakened

Muslin Kingdom of Malay dominated the region

Ruled straights of Malacca

Taxed trade that traveled through

Capital is Palembang on Sumatra

Chinese monks would study Buddhism

Vietnamese-leased influenced by India

Coastal region of China

Dominated by Chinese during Han Dynasty

Trung Trac & Trung Mhi two sisters drove Chinese from Viet Nam

China regained control and sisters drowned themselves

Broke away from the Tang Dynasty 900’s

Became Da Viet 939 China failed to

reconquer Viet Nam Mongols invaded

1200’s failed to take it

Absorbed Chinese cultural influences

Strong spirit of independence

Women had more influence and freedom than Chinese women

Ly Dynasty made Hanoi the capitol

Still influence today