Civil War

• The Civil War was a turning point in the development of a national system of transportation!

Pacific Railway Act

• While the Southerners were absent from Congress the North passed the Pacific Railway Act-subsidies in the form of land grants were given to build the transcontinental railroad.

• The railroad produced a national economy!

Promontory Point, Utah-Central Pacific and Union Pacific met and laid a golden spike!

Transcontinental Railroad

• The railroad was built by the Chinese and Irish immigrants with help from African Americans.

• They raced to see who could lay the most tracks.

Time Zones

Homestead Act

• 160 acres of land given to settlers to go West

Native Americans

• The building of the Transcontinental Railroad impacted Native Americans in the West.

• Sharp shooters hired by the railroad killed the bison.

• Native Americans were forced off of their land just like during the Trail of Tears(Georgia to Oklahoma).

A Century of Dishonor

• A book written by Helen Hunt Jackson that called attention to mistreatment of the Native Americans.

• Resulted in the Dawes Severalty Act- tried to force Native Americans to assimilate into American culture (reservation land)

Battle of Wounded Knee

• When Native Americans attempted to revive their traditions such as the “Ghost Dance” it resulted in a massacre of the Native Americans at Wounded Knee!

Industrial Revolution

• After the CW, the US entered a period of economic growth due to the Factors of Production.

• Factors of Production-land, labor, capital, technology and entrepreneurship.

Government

• The government provided an atmosphere where business could thrive!

• Laissez-Faire- “hands off”/government allowed Big Business to do as they please

Dartmouth v. Woodward

• Patent laws that protected the rights of inventors

Gibbons v. Ogden

• The national government regulates interstate trade

Classwork

• Read 5.2 in EOC Workbooks (popcorn reading or a chosen reader in group)

• Answer questions• Read 5.3 in EOC Workbooks (popcorn reading

or a chosen reader in group)• Answer questions• Turn into orange bin

Republican Party

• The Republican Party promoted Big Business after the CW.

• Protective Tariff- tax on imports that protected American made products

Immigration

• The government promoted open immigration.• After the completion of the Transcontinental

Railroad, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed that denied Chinese immigration for 10 years

Government

• The government took the side of management over workers and broke up strikes like the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.

International Markets

• The surplus of trade created by the Industrial Revolution led to the expansion of international markets.

Capitalism

• Economic system of private ownership of property and the use of that property to make a profit (free-enterprise system).

Monopolies

• Corporations raised money by selling stocks before the Civil War.

• After the Civil War, corporations used monopolies and mergers (trust).

Railroad

• The railroad was the economic engine that drove the economy!

• It contributed to the growth of steel, lumber, the meat packing and coal industries

Andrew Carnegie

• Made millions in the steel industry• Vertical Integration- Bessemer Process• Wrote “The Gospel of Wealth” about

philanthropy trying to improve his image• Called “robber baron”-made money by

unethical means

John D. Rockefeller

• Made millions in the oil industry• Horizontal integration• Standard Oil- first trust• Philanthropist-libraries and colleges

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Congress said companies could not combine to form monopolies.

• Progressive Movement- attempt to clean up Big Business and Government

Ideologies of “Captains of Industry”

• Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest• Laissez-Faire- “hands off” government

practices• Horatio Alger- “Rags to Riches” stories• philanthropy

1900’s

• Higher standard of living• New consumer products• Electricity (Thomas Edison) tripled production• Typewriter (Christopher Sholes) improved

communication in business• Telephone (Alexander G. Bell) improved

communication in business

Farmers

• Mechanization caused overproduction-steel plow, reaper, etc.

• Farmers were unable to pay back loans.• Granger Organization- formed by farmers to

discuss common problems such as high railroad rates

• Granger Laws- state laws that attempted to regulate railroad prices but were struck down by the Supreme Court

Interstate Commerce Act

• The Federal Government regulated railroad prices.

• First time the Federal Government regulated business.

Populist Party

• Farmers• Regulation of railroads and banking• *Free and unlimited coinage of silver (did not

pass)• Secret ballot• Direct election of Senators/17 the Amendment• Graduated income tax/16th Amendment• Eight hour work day

Workers

• Workers Joined together to protect themselves from abuses in the workplace (long hours, little pay & terrible working conditions).

• Immigrants, women and children worked for less.• Immigrants and African Americans that broke

strike lines were called “scabs”.• Workers were controlled with company stores and

homes, “yellow dog” contracts and blacklisting.

Knights of Labor

• Unskilled workers• Blamed for the Haymarket Square Bombing

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

• Government intervened on the side of management (owners).

American Federation of Labor

• Samuel Gompers• Skilled workers only• “Bread and Butter” issues-more pay, less

hours better conditions

Election 1896

• Farmers and workers v. Big Business• William Jennings Bryan – “Cross of Gold”

Speech• William McKinley-.front porch campaign• Soft money v. hard money• Bimetallism (wanting both silver and gold)• Big Business supported McKinley and he won!

Workers

• Some worker’s issues will be addressed during the Progressive Era and later during the New Deal (30’s).

Urbanization

• Immigration caused cities to grow outwards and upwards.

• Farmers & African Americans also went to the cities.

• Immigration patterns changed from northern and western Europe to southern and eastern Europe.

• Nativism- dislike of immigrants because they took jobs

Ethnic Communities

• Immigrants formed their own communities and did not assimilate.

• They voted for people who did favors for them.

• Political Bosses and Machines ran the corrupt governments during the Gilded Age (graft and bribery).

• Boss Tweed- NY City Boss

City Problems

• Housing• Sanitation• Transportation• Water• Crime• fire

African Americans

• African Americans left the south and went north due to soil exhaustion and the boll weevil causing poor cotton yields and Jim Crow Laws.

• Exodusters-migration of African Americans to Kansas

Classwork• Read and complete 5.6 in your EOC workbook• Start on Chapter 5 review (terms must be in complete

sentences)Example: The transcontinental railroad ran from East to West and caused a great economic incline in the country• Do not do the following terms:Light bulb Interlocking directoratesLeisure and entertainment Closed shop

• Work in pairs