Civil War

Major Political PartiesFree - Soil 1848

• Anti extension of slavery• Pro-labor

Know-Nothing 1854• Anti-immigration• Anti-Catholic

Whig Organized1834

• Pro-business• Divided on slavery

Republican 1854• Opposed expansion of slavery into territories

Democratic 1840(from Demo-

Repub)

• States’ rights • Limited government• Divided on slavery

Missouri entered as a slave state

Maine entered as a free state36030’ line was established

Missouri Compromise

Events Leading to the Civil War

California entered as a free stateUtah & New Mexico would be determined by popular sovereignty

Slave trade is outlawed in D.C.Strict fugitive slave law is passed

Compromise of 1850

• People get to vote to decide on issues (slavery)

Missouri Compromise Line 36o30’ is repealed

Popular Sovereignty would decide slavery in Kansas & Nebraska

Creates “Bleeding Kansas” – small scale wars between pro-slavery & anti-slavery forces

Kansas – Nebraska Act

Slave, Dred Scott sues for his freedom b/c his master took him to Illinois which was a free state

Supreme Court rules 7 – 2 against ScottBlacks are not citizens, & therefor

could not sue in Federal Court5th Amendment – Due Process, your

property cannot be taken away without it

Dred Scott Case

Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe – portrays harsh & inhumane treatment of slaves

300,000 copies were sold the first year

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Radical abolitionist who attempted to raid Harper’s Ferry Arsenol

Caught & executed, martyr in the north but brings panic to the South

John Brown’s Raid

Immediate cause of the warRepublican Party was formed to stop

the spread of slaveryLincoln wins in a 4 – way raceStarting with South Carolina,

southern states start to secede from the Union.

Election of Lincoln

NORTH

ADVANTAGESSOUTH

NORTH

DISADVANTAGESSOUTH

Confederate states of AmericaSlaveryJefferson Davis

Shaping of the Confederacy

North (Anaconda Plan)

BLOCKADE

Defensive StrategyGenerals encouraged to attack if they

were given the opportunityFiring on South Carolina’s (Ft. Sumter)General Lee

South

Confederates won“Stonewall”

Bull Run

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/firstmanassas/first-manassas-maps/bull-run-animated-map/

Ironclad ship – steam propelled warshipRifle – more accurateMinie ball – soft lead bullet that was more

destructivePrimitive hand grenades and land mines

New Weapons

Felt the South had never really left the UnionPRESERVE THE UNION

Lincoln increased the power of the PresidencyEmancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in all rebelling regionsExempted Union slave statesUsed it as a military measurePushed border states to free their slaves

4. Suspended writ of habeas corpus

Lincoln During the Civil War

Copperheads – Northern Democrats who opposed Lincoln and the war effort

Conscription – draft, instituted for the 1st time by central

gov’t

Turning point of war takes place when General Lee invades the North and loses the Battle of Gettysburg

Lee surrenders @ Appomattox Court House

Gettysburg

http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg.html?tab=home

Homestead Act160 acres of land; must settle within 5 years

Morrill Land GrantMoney for public universities that would teach

agricultural and mechanical skillsNational Banking Act

Did away with state banks & set up a system of national banks

Gave U.S. a new uniform currency: national bank note

Issued greenbacks – paper money

Civil War – Home Front

Reconstruction

Based on the idea that the Southern States had never left the Union.

1. Pardons to Southerners who swore oaths of loyalty to the United States

2. Recognition of new southern state govt’s when 10% of those who had voted in the 1860 election took these oaths

3. When the states adopted new Constitutions abolishing slavery (13th Amendment – 1865)

Lincoln’s Plan – Proclamation of Amnesty

Vice President Johnson became President after Lincoln was assassinated

Johnson’s Plan

S. Democrat from Tennessee

White supremacist

1. Write a new state constitution if you wanted admittance

2. Ratify the 13th Amendment3. Elect a new government4. Repeal the act of succession5. All former leaders of the

Confederacy would lose the right to vote

Follow Lincoln’s General Plan

Passed over President Johnson’s vetoesDisband state governments and set up 5

military districts in the south.Each state write a new constitution,

guaranteeing black male suffrage (15th Amendment)

Ratification of the 14th AmendmentAll citizens get equal protection under the law

Anyone who was a former Confederate could not vote or hold office

Congress’s Plan – Radical Reconstruction

Educate and give financial support to freedmen

Freedman’s Bureau

Equal opportunities for all citizens

Civil Rights Act

They attempted impeachment by charging him with high crimes and misdemeanors over violating the Tenure of Office Act

House of Representatives voted YES on impeachment charges

Senate came within ONE vote of removing Johnson from office

Impeachment of A. Johnson

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=RqziU0PDmDx-AM&tbnid=G4jMYjv7BCrpOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/reconstruction-1877.htm&ei=O0CnUsr6Gq3JsQTjyYDQBA&bvm=bv.57799294,d.cWc&psig=AFQjCNH7LVoVQPxFDYMNhO-x6fXI3Kzdpw&ust=1386778940861992

1. Election of 1876 – between Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) and Sam Tilden (Democrat) is filled with controversy.

2. Hayes is declared the winner by a compromise!! WHY???

The Republicans give in and end Reconstruction, known as Compromise of 1877

End of Reconstruction

Tenant farmersFarmers who rent land from a landlord

SharecroppersFarmers who pay rent with a portion of

their crop

What happened to former slaves?

Taking away voting rights (15th Amendment)1. Poll taxes – fees you pay before you can vote2. Literacy tests – reading tests that must be

passed before voting3. Grandfather clause – if your grandfather

could vote on Jan. 1, 1867, you were excused from fees and tests

All 3, prevented freedmen from voting!

Reversing Reconstruction

Called for segregation or separation of the races in public places

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that restricted blacks civil rights

Black Codes

South voted predominantly for the Democratic Party – known as the Solid South

Solid South

Plessy v. Ferguson

WHITE’S ONLY

Odds & Ends to Reconstruction

White southerners who joined the Republican Party

Means scoundrelWanted South to rebuild as quickly as

possibleOpposed slavery and succession

Scalawags

Northerners who wanted to exploit the South’s postwar turmoil for their own profitHad mixed motives for supporting

Radical ReconstructionMoral duty to help slavesBusiness people who wanted to start

new industries

Carpetbaggers

High taxesPresence of northern troopsSome turned to terrorism

Secret Societies

Founded as a social club for confederate veterans‘

Turned into a violent terrorist groupGoal was restore white supremacy

KKK

Named after the Greek word kuklos, which means circle.

First Grand Wizard was Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Secret group of wealthy southerners supporting white supremacyOpposed Republican governmentDied out by 1870

Knights of the White Camelia

Nice dude, who picked really crappy advisors!

Had to political experienceTreasury Department Scandal

Involving railroads on a gov’t collecting contract

Whiskey RingInvolved internal revenue collectors who had

helped defraud the federal government of millions of dollars of revenue taxes on whiskey

Grant’s Administration