civil rights movement reading-7 th grade-february

Civil Rights MovementReading-7th Grade-February

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Segregation

• Definition: To set apart or isolate from others or from a central body or group.


Civil Rights Movement

• 1954-1968

• Protesting unfair laws until all Americans were given full rights as citizens.

• Civil rights leaders condemned violence and hatred.


KU KLUX KLAN• They were an organized

group opposed to African Americans’ rights.

• They believed whites should have all power and that whites were better.

• They organized violent rampages against African Americans.

• They wore white sheets and hoods to conceal their identity, but most people knew who they were anyways.


KKK continued…• In their white sheets they would

burn African Americans’ homes, schools, and churches in the middle of the night.

• They murdered many African Americans and burned crosses in their yards.

• They tried to scare African Americans before elections so they wouldn’t vote.

• Many Southerners supported these violent actions even if they were not apart of the KKK.


Schools

• 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court rules that “separate but equal” educational facilities were “inherently unequal.” Therefore, segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.


Resistance:

Brown vs. Board

Supreme Court Decision


Martyrs Definition: 1.One who

suffers much or makes great sacrifices in order to advance a belief, cause, or principle. 2.One who endures great suffering. 3.One who makes a great show of suffering in order to arouse sympathy.


Boycott……

• December 1, 1955

• Rosa Parks boarded a city bus.

• Sat in a seat in the middle of the bus-was ordered to get out of the seat and move to the back of the bus.


Then…..

• She refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested.

• Dec. 5th, she was convicted and fined $10.00 plus court fees.

• Women’s Political Council tried to organize a boycott of the city buses. The person to answer their call was a minister….


Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.


What happened…..

• December 5th, 1955- December 20th, 1956 black men, women and children did not ride city buses. They formed car pools with each other. They also rode in taxis or walked. They demanded courteous treatment by bus operators. They wanted to be seated on a first-come, first-served basis.

• They also wanted blacks to be allowed to apply for jobs as bus drivers.


Results….

• Supreme court examined the Montgomery case and ruled that segregation on Alabama buses was unconstitutional.

• December 1956, black citizens of Montgomery paid their fares and rode the city buses again.


Sit-ins

• Who: College students • When: February 1,

1960• Why: They were upset

over segregation and mistreatment of black Americans.

• Where: Greensboro, North Carolina.


What happened??

• They were determined to sit at the counter daily until the business changed its policies and served black customers with the same respect that it served whites.

• At first only black students participated, but by Feb. 5th hundreds of blacks and whites sat together.


Continued….

• They had a code:

Enter neatly dressed.

Be friendly at all times.

They sat in day after day until July 1960.


Results….

• Restaurants started serving black and white customers at their lunch counters.

• Extended their protests beyond lunch counters to hotels, parks, swimming pools and jobs.

• Stretched across the country from New York to Nashville.

• College students making a difference.


Freedom Riders

• Who: Activists in the civil rights movement

• 6-white men• 7-black men• Goal: desegregate

public facilities in the American South-they had a plan.

• When: May 4, 1961


What happened?

• The 13 men would ride a bus through the Deep South and ignore signs along the way where it said “whites only” or “blacks only”.

• They would break no laws.• Purpose: To pressure

authorities to enforce the desegregation law.


Danger???

• They were insulted.

• Tires were flattened on buses.

• They were beaten.

• Bombs were thrown through the windows.

• Buses were set on fire.


Result?

• Media took pictures/videos.

• They accomplished their goal.

• There was public disgust over the treatment they received.

• Helped to spur government action.


Marches….

• May 2, 1963-desegregate Birmingham, Alabama

• March 7th, 1965• Known as Bloody Sunday.• Marched for the right to

vote.• August 6th, 1965,

President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act.


Martin Luther King Jr. jailed…..• Dr. King wrote his famous • Letter from a Birmingham Jail “I guess it is easy for those who have

never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, “Wait.” But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill your black brothers and sisters….then you will understand why we (black Americans) find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over , and men are no longer willing to be plunged into an abyss of injustice.”


Freedom SummerMarch 7th, 1965

• 3 civil rights workers were trying to get black voter turnout.

• Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner

• They disappeared and later their bodies were recovered.


In conclusion….

• The Civil Rights Movement was monumental for people of color and non color.

• There were many brave men and women who put their lives on the line to fight for what they believed in.

civil rights movement reading-7 th grade-february

Documents

african americans rights

african americans homes

rights movement1954

civil rights leaders

civil rights movementreading

white sheets

bus oper

city buses