Civil G8 Dialogue 2008Report

23-24 April 2008Kyoto International Community House

Hosted by

2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum

In cooperation with

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

The Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 was held by a support of the grants from Open Society Institute

Table of Contents

Agenda .............................................................................................. 1

Opening Plenary .............................................................................................. 4

Plenary Session I : G8 Process and the Toyako SummitPerspectives, Expectations and Recommendations from Civil Society .......................... 6

Plenary Session II : Poverty and Development“Toward Achieving MDGs-Poverty Eradication and Social Justice”.............................. 14

Plenary Session III : Peace and Human Rights“G8 Official Agenda and Rights-based Approach” .......................................................... 16

Plenary Session IV : G8 countries and Environment ......................................... 20

Workshop IEnvironment Climate Change ................................................................... 28

3R Initiative ......................................................................... 32Poverty and Development Financing for Development ................................................ 35

Global Health ...................................................................... 38Anti-Corruption .................................................................. 40

Peace and Human Rights Democratization and Good Governance ........................... 43

Workshop IIEnvironment Climate Change ................................................................... 47

Biodiversity .......................................................................... 50Poverty and Development Report from the workshops ................................................ 52

Peace and Human Rights Better Process for G8 and the Role of Civil Society ........... 55

Roundtable Discussion with G8 SherpasSession 1: Environment and Climate ChangeSession 2: Development and AfricaQ&A, Wrap Up .............................................................................................. 58

Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 Report

Published by Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 Project Team, June 2008

Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 Project Team Secretariat:Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies4-7-3, Nakano, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-0001, JAPANTel: +81-3-5318-3331 FAX: +81-3-3319-0330

2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum Secretariat:Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation (JANIC)5F, Avaco Bldg., 2-3-18, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, JAPANTel: +81-3-5292-2911 Fax: +81-3-3406-5064

photo by Yuko Yanase, layout&DTP Shunji Arakawa

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Agenda23rd April, 20089:10 - 10:00 Registration

10:00 - 10:20 Opening PlenaryEvent Hall Introductory Remarks: Mika Ohbayashi, Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 Project / Leader,

Environment Unit, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum / ISEP)Welcome Remark: Masako Hoshino, Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum

10:20 - 12:00 Plenary Session I: G8 Process and the Toyako SummitEvent Hall Perspectives, expectations and recommendations from the civil society

Keynote address: Yurika Ayukawa, Vice Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum/ WWF JapanSpeakers:Takehiko Nakao, Senior Deputy Director-General, International Bureau, Ministryof Finance, JapanChandra Kirana Prijosusilo, Revenue Watch Institute, IndonesiaHisashi Nakamura, Research Fellow, Ryukoku University, JapanJuergen Maier, German NGO Forum for Development and EnvironmentSergey Tsyplenkov, Civil G8 Russia / Exective Director, Greenpeace RussiaFacilitator: Masaaki Ohashi, Vice Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum /JANIC

12:00 - 13:30 Lunch break (Special Conference Room)

13:30 - 14:50 Plenary Session II: Poverty and DevelopmentEvent Hall “Toward Achieving MDGs - Poverty Eradication and Social Justice”

Introduction: Overview on Development and MDGs:Irfan Mufti, Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP)Speakers:Financing for Development: Luca de Fraia, ActionAid ItalyGlobal Health: from the view of African Civil Society: Olayide Akanni, Journalistsagainst AIDS (JAAIDS), NigeriaGender: Kalyani Menon-Sen, JAGORI, IndiaG8 Host Country: Masaki Inaba, Africa Japan ForumFacilitator: Nobuhiko Katayama, World Vision Japan

14:50 - 15:10 Coffee Break

15:10 - 16:30 Plenary Session III: Peace and Human RightsEvent Hall “G8 Official Agenda and Rights-based Approach”

Speakers:Minnie Degawan, Indigenous Peoples Network for Change, PhilippinesFadi Fayez Abi-Allam, Permanent Peace Movement, LebanonCommentators:Hideaki Uemura, Shimin Gaikou CentreKiyotaka Takahashi, Japan International Volunteer CenterKazuko Ito, Human Rights NowFacilitators: Hideaki Uemura & Kiyotaka Takahashi

16:30 -16:40 Break

16:40 -18:00 Plenary Session IV: G8 countries and EnvironmentEvent Hall Introduction: Phil Clapp, Pew Environment Trust, the US

Speakers:Ryutaro Yatsu, Councilor for Global Environment, Ministry of Environment, JapanMie Asaoka, Kiko Network, JapanSanjay Vashist, TERI, IndiaJeffrey Alan McNeely, International Union for Conservation of Nature -IUCNEmmanuel Maria C. Calonzo, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives -GAIA,the PhilippinesFacilitator: Peter Ritchie, Ritchie Communications, UK

18:30 - 20:00 Reception (Special Conference Room)

24th April, 200809:10 - 10.00 Registration

10:00 - 12:00 Workshops IVarious venues Environment: Climate Change (Conference Room 1 /1F)

Introduction: Yurika Ayukawa,WWF JapanSpeakers:Junkwan AHN, KFEM, South KoreaHuzi Mshelia, Clean Energy and Environment Initiative, NigeriaMorrow Gaines Campbell III, Vitae Civilis Institute for Development, Environmentand Peace, BrazilDiscussion Facilitator: Kathrin Gutmann, WWF GermanyDiscussion *Interpreted Consecutively

Environment: 3R Initiative (Conference Room 2 /1F)Introduction: Takeshi Yasuma, CACP, JapanDVD: Exporting Harm: The High- Tech Trashing of AsiaSpeaker: Emmanuel Maria C. Calonzo, GAIA, the PhilippinesA Critique of the 3R Initiative and Japanese Toxic Waste TradeDiscussion *Interpreted Simultaneously

Poverty and Development: Financing for Development (Event Hall /1F)Co-Chairs:John Ruthrauff, InterAction,USANobuhiko Katayama, World Vision JapanIntroduction: Takumo Yamada, Oxfam JapanODA: Farida Akhter, UBINIG, BangladeshEducation: Jennifer Chiwela, Africa Network Campaign on Education for All(ANCEFA), ZambiaInnovative Financing and World Economy: Sony Kapoor, DEFINE, UKDiscussion and Wrap Up *Interpreted Simultaneously

Poverty and Development: Global Health (Seminar Room /3F)Co-chair:Minori Tanimura, World Vision JapanJill Sheffield, Family Care International, USAIntroduction: Masaki Inaba, Africa Japan ForumSpeeches from participants from overseasDiscussion, Reporting and Wrap Up *English Only. No Interpretation

Poverty and Development: Anti-Corruption (Conference Room 4 /3F)Chair: Tatsuro Kuroda, Transparency International -JapanReporter: Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of Transparency International,South AfricaResource persons: Chandra Kirana, Revenue Watch Institute, IndonesiaToru Umeda, Transparency International - Japan / Prof. Reitaku UniversityDiscussion *Interpreted Consecutively

Peace and Human Rights: Democratization and Good GovernanceFacilitator: Kazuko Ito, Human Rights Now, Japan (Conference Room 3 /3F)Speakers: Anil Kumar Singh, SANSAD, IndiaJefferson R. Plantilla, HURIGHTS OSAKA, JapanDiscussion and Wrap Up *Interpreted Simultaneously

12:00 - 13:30 Lunch Break (Special Conference Room)

13:30 - 15:30 Workshops II :Various venues Environment: Climate Change (Conference Room 1 /1F)

Co-Facilitators:Stephanie Tunmore, Greepeace InternationalJuergen Maier, German NGO Forum for Development and EnvironmentYurika Ayukawa,WWF JapanDiscussion: What do we expect as an outcome of the G8 as a stepstone towardsPoznan and Copenhagen?Discussion: What we need to require Japan’s G8 to achieve?

*Interpreted Consecutively

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Environment: Biodiversity (Conference Room 2 /1F)Facilitator & Introduction: Hidenori Kusakari, WWF JapanResource Person:Jeffrey Alan McNeely, IUCNYasushi Hibi, Conservation International JapanNanami Kurasawa, Dolphin & Whale Action Network, JapanYuta Hayashi, A SEED JAPANDiscussion : Biodiversity Issues obtained at Toyako SummitWrap Up : Biodiversity Issues obtained at Toyako Summit

*Interpreted Simultaneously

Poverty and Development: Report from the workshops (Seminar Room /3F)Co-Chairs:Sumie Ishii, JOICFP, JapanLuca de Fraia, Action Aid ItaliaReport from the workshopsDiscussionWrap-Up *Interpreted Consecutively

Peace and Human Rights: Better Process for G8 and the Role of Civil SocietyFacilitator: Hideaki Uemura, Shimin Gaiko Centre, Japan (Conference Room 3 /3F)Speakers:Kiyotaka Takahashi, JVC, JapanFadi Fayez Abi-Allam, Permanent Peace Movement, LebanonKiyokazu Koshida, Hokkaido People’s Forum on G8 Summit, Japan

*Interpreted Simultaneously

15:30 - 16:00 Coffee Break (Security Check,15:00-)

16:00 - 18:00 Roundtable Discussion with the G8 SherpasEvent Hall Attended by around 20 discussants and 200 observers

Co-Facilitators: Masaharu Kohno, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, JapanEnvironment: Mika Ohbayashi, Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (ISEP)Development: Sumie Ishii, JOICFP

Introductory Remark: Masaharu KohnoSession 1: Environment and Climate ChangeSession 2: Development and AfricaQ&A, Wrap Up

18:00 - 18:10 ClosingEvent Hall

18:30- Press Conference (Event Hall)

10:00 - 10:20, 23rd April, 2008

Opening Plenary:

Introductory RemarksMika Ohbayashi (Civil G8 Dialogue 2008 Project / Leader, Environment Unit, 2008Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum / ISEP)

Through my experiences of the Civil G8participation in Russia and Germany, I thought itwas necessary for Japan to host a Civil G8meeting, and I have been encouraging theJapanese government since 2006. Thegovernment has now a better understanding ofthis idea through these two Civil G8 attendances,and has given us a substantial cooperation inholding this meeting. The aim of Civil G8 is toappreciate civil society’s opinions and bring itsvoices to the sherpas who are the representativesof the government. Many people and groups havesupported us. Above all, Ministry of ForeignAffairs and the Open Society Institute in theU.S.A have given us a great deal of financialsupport. Mr. Takamura, Foreign Affairs Ministergave us a message. Please take a look at it in thedistributed materials.

Welcome RemarksMasako Hoshino (Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum)

I am thankful that we are holding this Civil G8 meeting here in Kyoto which is a city full oftraditional cultures that Japan takes pride in. There will be about 160 participants for two days ofthis Civil G8. In the recent years’ G8 meetings, dialogues between civil society and government havebeen continuing. I sincerely appreciate that it has ended up with today’s meeting.

In 1945 when World War II was over, I was in the 8th grade. The classes resumed in my schoolwhich had barely managed to be rebuilt, but we had nothing. Shoes and notebooks were distributedto the children in the defeated countries, and I was one of those who received them. I still rememberthe elastic touch of the rubber sole of the shoes and the smell of rubber. It was later that I wasinformed that these contributions were raised nationwide by the American group CARE .

Japan made a remarkable restoration in the 1970’s and became affluent materialistically. However,affluence brought us air and environmental pollution including Minamata disease. It not only

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affected Japan but also peripheral areas. I workedin Laos for six years from 1965, and in Thailandfor 11 years from 1971. I witnessed right in frontof me the antipathy from Thai students who hadbeen provoked by the discharged polluted waterfrom a Japan-Thailand joint venture company.

The number of NGOs acting in the field ofinternational cooperation increased in the 1980’s.At first, people puzzled, “what on earth is anNGO?”, and there was little recognition. It wasthen that I knew that the activities we started werecalled NGOs, and they’d built up their uniqueknowledge in Europe after World War II. I haveworked for JVC (Japan Volunteer Center) since1980 and was involved in supporting those whosuffered from famine in Somalia and Ethiopiacaused by drought.

Nowadays NGOs in the field of internationalcooperation are working in various categories such as poverty, development, environment, humanrights, and peace. They say there are approximately 300 to 500 domestic NGOs which are workingin the international cooperation field, and about 2.8 billion yen is used in this field.

Japan will chair the G8 Summit and we’ve taken this opportunity to meet all cross-sectoral NGOs.This is the first time for this to happen to NGOs in Japan. We are aiming at establishing socialjustice and sustainable society. Making such society is not the only NGOs’ role, but we are alsoworking on “Tanzaku-Action for one million people” in which any citizens can participate.

For 15 months since its inauguration, we have presented proposals which are based on our ownknowledge of NGOs in every possible occasion. As the G8 Summit is drawing near, we feelsomewhat uneasy because we don’t think that Japan is presenting ambitious proposals towards theglobal issues. We are worrying that there won’t be positive talks in the Summit and it could end upin failure. So we have decided to make an immediate announcement on this tomorrow.

It is my sincere hope that these two days will be fruitful and this meeting will encourage momentumahead of the G8 Summit.

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10:20 - 12:00, 23rd April, 2008

Plenary Session I:

G8 Process and the Toyako SummitPerspectives, expectations and recommendations from the civil society

Keynote Address: Yurika Ayukawa, Vice Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum / WWFJapan

Speakers: Takehiko Nakao, Senior Deputy Director-General, International Bureau,Ministry of Finance, JapanChandora Kirana, Revenue Watch Institute, IndonesiaHisashi Nakamura, Research Fellow, Ryukoku University, JapanJuergen Maier, German NGO Forum for Development and EnvironmentSergey Tsyplenkov, Civil G8 Russia / Greenpeace Russia

Facilitator: Masaaki Ohashi, Vice Chair, 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum / JANIC

Masaaki OhashiThe aim of this session is to confirm from what standpoint civil society looks at the G8 summitthrough its expectations and proposals. The G8 Forum makes proposals from the position that itexerts a great influence on the world without questioning its legitimacy. However, I can tell you thatthere are some people who question its legitimacy.

I suppose G8 summit leaders put importance on their own countries’ interests. But ordinary peopletake their position as being citizens of a nation as well as considering themselves as global citizens.We will listen to opinions from each point of view and hold a question-and-answer session. Ms.Ayukawa, Vice Chair of the Forum will report on this as her keynote speech.

Yurika AyukawaThank you very much for joining us today. I work for the WWF which helps tackles the climatechange. Since many of G8 are rich nations and have a large impact, they are responsible for poverty,inequality, climate change and so on.

We urge social legitimacy. Climate change, poverty and development, human rights, peace: theseare all related to each other. The year 2008 is a very important year in that it is the 60th anniversaryof The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the mid-term year of MDGs which is to halvethe world poverty population. It is the year that the Kyoto Protocol comes into effect as well. I hopethat G8 will make great progress in this remarkable year 2008.

Leaders of the G8 nations have responsibilities to make the earth a more pleasant place to live as aresult of the efforts to solve these challenges. I think it is necessary to listen to the voices from civilsociety to yield favorable results. G8 leaders should demonstrate concrete results. They should nottake a backward step from the Heilingendamm Summit. Particularly, Japan is urged to show astrong leadership.

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Takehiko NakaoI will explain why Ministry of Finance is involved in the Summit process. Ministry of Finance wasengaged in Tokyo and Okinawa Summit. Many changes have been witnessed in various aspects.Since 1990, India, China, African and many other countries have integrated into the worldeconomic. Developing nations have been growing economically. The fact that the economic growthrate in 2008 in developing nations is 7% whereas in developed nations it is 1.3% evidently showsthat. The negative effect of the sub-prime mortgage crisis is seen mainly in the developing nations,and it is likely that developed nations will be also affected in the near future.

The poverty issue has been a significant agenda in the Summit since 2000. The situation has beenimproved in China and other Asian nations. Water, healthcare and education problems which relateto poverty were not such important issues in the 70s.

The relationship between civil society and government has been changing for the better, and voicesfrom developing nations are gaining higher importance. The ratio of developing nations which holdvoting rights has been increasing. The government has more interest in advocacy of NGOs. I believethere will not be a favorable result without cooperating with NGOs.

Democracy’ role is to reflect opinions of various people. NGOs tackle a wide range of the issues. Ithink the government has to listen to what NGOs have to say.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Finance focus on Africa, andwhat concerns Ministry of Finance is how to maintain reduction of poverty which has beenprogressing during these years. High commodity prices will generate more income. In order topromote education and infrastructure, cross-border cooperation is essential. Sustainability is alsoimportant. We saw debt relief a few years ago, but constant help is necessary for many countries to

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advance their development.

Another issue is climate change. It is necessary for the governments to build a framework andmechanism for the World Bank and other development banks. “Cap-and-trade” in the KyotoMechanism is not alleviation but merely a market effort.

Chandora KiranaI will talk about extracting natural resources while protecting environment, human rights and soforth. I think there is a way that poor counties with abundant natural resources will blossom. Thesame thing goes for the companies.

In order to do so, transparency is important, and preserving the environment is inevitable.Otherwise governance problems and anxiety to people will occur. Governments and companiesshould set high standards. Civil society should play its role. Progress cannot be achieved without agood resource control.

I would like G8 nations to support transparency initiatives. Everyone should be involved and buildthem up: just like the “kaizen” activity that all the members participate in.

It is inevitable that the G8 nations change from the core part of its body. The U.S., Canada andRussia which have abundant natural resources have to advance transparency by disclosing how theirnatural resources are excavated. Japan depends on 50% of its necessary resources on imports fromIndonesia, and Malaysia. Please implement EITI. If all the nations enhance transparency, we willhave great advantages. Please secure transparency in Asia. China, Indonesia and Malaysia bothimport and export natural resources, and they are significant resource players. The G8 shouldencourage India, China and other emerging countries to join EITI. By doing so, an impartialcompetition stage will be equally provided to all nations.

Also, transparency in the process of profit transfer from companies to governments should bepromoted. Various processes such as payment, education and healthcare must be transparent.

The only key to success is continuous dialogues with the stakeholders. Moreover, consideration tothe environment and human rights is needed. All the stakeholders have to equally participate. To doso, listening to people’s voices in both developing and developed countries is necessary. It isimportant to extend such platforms. As the chair nation, Japan has a crucial role to be a bridge ofcommunication. Please take all the voices on this globe to the Summit. I believe today’s voices willcertainly reach the G8 Summit.

Hisashi NakamuraI will explain why a pleasant life is not achieved by financial globalization. In 1921, there was ascientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on a radioisotope. He thought that all thingswear away, however, money never does. He puzzled about it and wrote many theses but didn’t get agood reputation from economists.

Things around you, such as a watch wear away, but why then doesn’t money wear away? In actualtransactions prices are determined depending on the balance between supply and demand,however, financial markets are different. Not only interest but also trust is added, and the scale will

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expand more and more. When you take a look at oil and grains, the price has been surging thesepast years despite neither turnover nor cost having changed. Why? Citizens also need to think of thereason.

Great Britain and the U.S. have been suffering from trade deficits. But, the U.S. is the center of thefinancial market. Why? - Because it suppresses the world with its military power which possessesweapons of mass destruction. If we leave sub-prime mortgagse and emission trade to the optiontrade, it will lead poor people to much more suffering. We should not depend too much on thefinancial markets. We must make transactions of existing resources. To do so, it is necessary toabolish military power from the globe. Also spreading Japan’s Constitution Article 9 worldwide isvital. Please contemplate it.

Juergen MaierG8 was originally called “World Economic Summit”. It was such an arrogant name. Various thingsare found in the global economy including economics and politics. In the Roma Club, theintellectual people’s gathering place, people said “the global economy has reached the limit of itsgrowth.” Nothing has changed. The price of fossil fuel has been continuously going up. It is obviousthat the oil production peak is drawing near and sustainability seems to have collapsed.

Reclaimable footprints are already beyond the limit of reclaimable range. Now, in many countriesincluding developing nations, we cannot develop in the same way as before anymore because if westill want to do the same, we will need another couple of Earths. In spite of this reality, the way ofdevelopment remains the same.

Leaders and Ministers must seriously tackle with these problems. They must listen to voices from allkinds of sector representatives such as business persons, scientists, ordinary citizens, and lawmakers.

We have to question if the way we are dealing with various problems is really heading in the rightand necessary direction. We have to make efforts; the right ways do not appear spontaneously. Wehave to make an earnest effort to build a sustainable society.

People from Japan and all over the world pay close attention to the decisions of the G8 Summit. Ifthe leaders cannot demonstrate a full role, we must call for new leaders.

In Germany, we had dialogues between sherpas and NGOs, and Prime Minister Merkel and NGOs.Thus, it is vital to promote dialogues with the civil society.

Sergey TsyplenkovThe G8 nations do not exercise sufficient power to fight against problems in the world. There iscriticism that they declare their opinions but do not put them into action, or make promises thatcannot be kept. The latest promise made in Japan was “to stop illegal deforestation”, but illegaldeforestation still continues. Half of the illegal trading is accounted for by G8 nations and half ofthat is accounted for by Japan.

Civil society can change the G8 because it can control and monitor. In Russia’s case, severalmeetings between civil society and Sherpa were held. It was said to be unique at that time, but it is

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well-established now. In order to reflect civil society’s opinions and get involved in the agenda,having meetings from an early stage is needed. In Italy, they say that civil society and thegovernment jointly make the agenda.

The negative aspect is that in the Summit, all G8 nations suspect NGOs of terrorism and attempt tocontrol NGOs. There is such a law in the U.S. and Russia. Some 11,000 NGOs were removed fromthe list by the New Russian NGO legislature.

The G8 can answer such critics. What kind of agenda has to be taken up? We cannot stop climatechange unless we preserve tropical rain forest/ancient forest and stop deforestation of tropical rainforest. We have to stop destruction of people and climate.

Climate change has much to do with the current food crisis. It is a big issue that has much effect onpeoples’ health and food aid. To solve these problems, temperature rise has to be restricted to +2Celsius degree. G8 nations account for 40% of the total emission. We have to reconfirm thepromises of the UN and achieve the reduction goal which is to reduce the 1990 level in half by 2050.As civil society, it is inevitable that we not only reduce but also propose mechanism.

Urgent aid is also necessary for the developing nations because developing nations alone cannottackle climate change. It is important to promote planting trees through the global networks. Wemust fight against deterioration of the forests. G8 nations have to abide by laws within theirrespective countries.

As to bioenergy, it is essential to set up very strict standards.

Questions and Opinions from FloorTo Mr. Nakao:How do you hold dialogue with civil society towards the upcoming Summit?

To Mr. Nakao:In the last Summit, commitments to the global fund were demonstrated withHIV/AIDS measures. However, sufficient measures haven’t been done for TB(tuberculosis) . I thinkit is crucial that commitments are shown in the G8 Summit, and put into effect. If they are notimplemented, more people will die.

To Mr. Nakao: You said the economic situation in the developing nations has been improving. Butactually the poor are getting poorer, and the quality of education and healthcare has been goingdown. I think there is a gap between statistical numbers and the reality. The level of poverty hasn’tbecome better. It is worse.

To Mr. Nakao: To what extent will the G8 Summit take up the issue of the food price surge?

To Mr. Nakao: To what extent does the G8 Summit intend to demonstrate the commitments?

To All: I would like to ask you about peace and war. Many countries in the world export weaponsincluding all UN Security Council members, and it leads civilians into a tragic situations. What doyou think we can do to deter it? Narcotics can contribute towards curing diseases. On the otherhand, they have a negative aspect. The same thing applies to weapons. How do you control them?

To All: What can we do to make them responsible for the 0.7% accountability?

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To Mr. Nakao: What do African leaders want from the G8 Summit?

To Mr. Nakao: In the U.S. there is pressure to increase fund related to healthcare and discussionsare taking place. What do you think of the US$60 billion commitment discussed at the UK Summit?

To Mr. Nakao: What is the key to success for the G8 Summit?

About tax evasion. US$ 500billion is flowing out from developing nations. In the developing phaseof the financial market, don’t we have to discuss tax evasion?

The mother-child healthcare issue has been excluded from the agenda, but I think we should leave itin agenda. This issue can be solved with money equivalent to just a 5-day war expenditurecomparing to that of mass distraction weapons or impact of a dispute. Could you promise to takeup this issue besides poverty, water and food?

Takehiko NakaoSince I am from Ministry of Finance, there are some questions that I cannot answer. So, I suppose itis a good idea to talk with the Sherpas tomorrow.

Africa’s growth is spectacular with its annual growth rate of 5-6 %. There are various reasons: aboveall, improvement of governance and transparency and education is notable. Problems have beensolving, however, some still remain.

Poverty and health/healthcare issues have improved but not as much as we expect. Then, what canwe do for them? We must make more effort to achieve commitments. We should make Africa ableto enjoy today’s conveniences.

Commodity prices are surging. Not only the rich and those who are affluent with mineral resourcesenjoy benefits but also others can share it. Assurance of transparency is important. Benefits are notsupposed to be enjoyed only by limited people and companies in developed counties. In a nutshell,how to use it is the crucial thing. African nations and the G8 will discuss it. There are countrieswhich don’t have natural resources. Even those countries have a chance. Providing some kind ofservices, for instance. Increase of trading will make it possible.

The market can be speculative and strong, and sometimes it makes poor people poorer. But themarket is a driving force for development. Generally speaking, the reason why standard ofeducation and healthcare are improving or human rights are protected is that the market isgrowing.

The 0.7% commitment is not being followed, but in order to achieve the goal, the cooperation ofthe tax payers is invaluable. Unfortunately, many people are more interested in road construction,social security and assurance after retirement: They are only interested in improvement of theirlives. So, how we make people become interested in climate change and ODA is important and thisis one of the policy issues.

Demand for ODA has been increasing. In order to achieve the goal, making ordinary peopleunderstand better is more important than anything else I believe.

I think there is a misunderstanding in the separate sector approach. What Japan wants to say is that

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set reduction cap and decide the reduction allocation. This is to clarify what each sector should do.It is not forcing the same responsibility as developed nations upon the developing nations. Theresponsibility of the developed nations such as the U.S. is different from that of the developingnations. Developed nations have to think how they can help developing nations to reduceemissions.

Surging food prices is an urgent and important issue. Prime Minister Fukuda is seeking for themeasures to solve this problem approaching the IMF and the World Bank. As a short term support,we have to think how to provide an emergency relief. From a long term view, how to furtherincrease production volume, in the situation of rich harvests and consumption of many kinds ofagricultural products and meat, will be the issue. Some say speculative money is just flowing. It istrue that populations are increasing, rich people are emerging in developing nations and eatinghabits are changing. Now is the time to mull both short term and long term measures.

Money laundering is an issue that Ministry of Finance has interest in. The situation that the fundsare not used for the developing nations but instead going into multi-national companies should bechanged.

Chandra KiranaIncreasing poverty while macro-economics are growing is happening in countries rich in resources.Such a thing is happening because natural resources are not properly controlled under collapsedgovernments. Increasing transparency will make it possible to use funds more efficiently ininfrastructure and necessary social services.

If funds flow out to overseas, we cannot utilize them. Since women and children are not involved inthe decision making in the first place, it doubles the agony.

Yurika AyukawaAs to the export of weapons, I think it is possible for Japan to lead the opinion towards prohibitingexport. Since the Summit is held in Japan, we can make the most of this opportunity to highlightour Constitution Article 9.

There is a concern that G8 Summit might result in failure. One of the factors is proposals fromseparate sectors in the climate change section. Over the past years, the commitments were separatedinto two: developed and developing nations, however, in the separate sector proposals, they will bedealt with altogether. I am concerned that they are not following the course of our previousdiscussions.

Hisashi NakamuraThe U.S., on one hand, has a huge trade deficit, on the other, it is the largest weapon exporter. Thisis not worth praising since it is the action of human destruction. Japan chose to abandon militaryforce as a solution to an international problem through the experiences in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.The G8 should take the same path and Japan should take the initiative for it.

Juergen MaierJapan should make a useful investment for the future: for example, in increasing ODA ortechnology development for the sustainable energy. It is necessary to stop building unnecessarybridges and roads. The Japanese government hasn’t been listening to the proposals from NGOs. Itshould change how it uses its money.

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Sergey TsyplenkovIt is not a joke that it is only civil society that can help the G8. All G8 nations say that they aredemocratic countries, which means that it is possible that ordinary citizens can change theirgovernment. Otherwise the G8 would go on to make promises which don’t follow up with actions,and it doesn’t solve any current global problems.

Masaaki OhashiHow the market and its development should be was questioned I suppose. In the course of the G8process, previous commitments were not followed. We talked about how to monitor it.

The sense of crisis is shared. In order to change this situation, not only should we leave it to thegovernment, but also we have to listen to the civil society’s voice. The role of the civil society is to:coordinate the voices and make them influential enough to get it through to the government. Let’sround up our proposals from civil society for tomorrow’s round table.

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13:30 - 14:50, 23rd April, 2008

Plenary Session II: Poverty and Development

“Toward Achieving MDGs - PovertyEradication and Social Justice”

Introduction: Overview on Development and MDGs: Irfan Mufti, Campaign Manager,Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP)

Speakers: Financing for Development: Luca de Fraia, Action Aid Italy / GCAP ItalyGlobal Health: from the view of African Civil Society: Olayide Akanni,Journalists against AIDS (JAAIDS), NigeriaGender: Kalyani Menon-Sen, JAGORI, IndiaG8 Host Country: Masaki Inaba, Africa Japan Forum

Facilitator: Nobuhiko Katayama, World Vision Japan

OverviewMr. Nobuhiko KATAYAMA, Executive Manager of World Vision Japan, served as the facilitatorand approximately 120 people participated in this session. Three issues were discussed: “Povertyand Development,” “Peace and Human Rights,” and “Environment.” Each speaker made apresentation and had a discussion with audience. The Speakers and the summary of theirpresentation are as indicated below.

Summary of each presentationIrfan MuftiMr. Mufti’s presentation was titled: “Toward Achieving MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) -Poverty Eradication and Social Justice.” He reviewed the progress of achieving the MDGs andemphasized that the Japan and the G8 governments took responsibility for the past promises andthus, civil society took action.

Luca de FraiaMr. de Fraia’s presentation on “From Toya to Doha”, focused on development financing. Hesuggested that the G8 governments contribute funds for development according to their pastpromises as well as additional funds accordingly, for food crisis and climate change. Furthermore,he suggested that G8 countries should provide assistance based on the Paris Declaration. At the nextParis High Level Forum which is happening in Akula in September, NGOs should advocate issuesrelated ODA.

Olayide AkanniMs. Akanni’s presentation titled, “Global Health from the View of African Civil Society” reportedthat health issues related MDG 4, 5, and 6 are one of the most serious problems in Sub-SaharanAfrica. She suggested that the G8 governments keep their past promises as well as create amechanism for accountability. In addition, provide a yearly report on the progress toward each ofthe commitments, create a common G8 plan for sustainable assistance, and contribute to the

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prevention and treatment fordiseases such as tuberculosis,HIV/AIDS, Malaria , etc.

Kalyani Menon-SenMs. Menon-sen presentationtitled, “Gender, Poverty andDevelopment” explained thatwomen are vulnerable toglobal issues such as conflicts,food crisis, climate changeand so on which are caused byglobalization, militarization orfundamentalism. She insistedthe necessity of women’sempowerment from a long-term perspective.

Masaki InabaMr. Inaba’s presentation on “From the Civil Society of G8 Host Country, Japan” mentioned thatthis year is the midterm of achieving MDGs and Japan is the host of both the G8 Summit andTICAD IV. He reviewed the achievements of the Okinawa Summit in 2000 and suggested thatJapan, as a civil society require that the G8 governments honor their commitments, set priorities,and create a system for civil societies all over the world to come together.

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15:10 - 16:30, 23rd April, 2008

Plenary Session III: Peace and Human Rights

“G8 Official Agenda and Rights -based Approach”

Panelist: Minnie Degawan, Indigenous Peoples Network for Change, PhilippinesFadi Fayez Abi-Allam, Permanent Peace Movement, LebanonKazuko Ito, Human Rights Now

Facilitators: Hideaki Uemura, Shimin Gaiko CenterKiyotaka Takahashi, Japan Volunteer Center

Hideaki UemuraThe session started off with the questions from the facilitator, Hideaki Uemura:

• Overall, G8 has a little to commit in peace and human rights.• We should discuss on the current system of the G8.• We should discuss on the cross cutting issues through poverty and development, environment

and peace and human rights.• Since the summit is held in Hokkaido, where the Ainus live, we should be well aware of this.• Issues of Human Rights are not discussed from the local level.

Minnie Degawan• UNDP starts suggesting policies to support the indigenous people.• In 2007, UN permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues were formed. In this forum, indigenous

issues specialists gather to discuss and give proposals for the policies.• Indigenous peoples are taking important role in protecting the bio-diversity. For sustainable

development and solution for the global warming, the traditional knowledge of the indigenouspeoples are essential.

• The national policies for the indigenous peoples are not sufficient. In Philippines and Bolivia,indigenous peoples are involved in the public administration. However with the increase indemand for the raw materials, there are growing need for the exploitations of the resources.

• What can G8 do? Rights based approach is important. Development cannot be separated fromthe human rights. G8 should acknowledge Ainu’s as official indigenous peoples of Japan andshould also recognize that we are having the G8 conference on the land of Ainus’

Fadi FayezIn 2004, G8 has annouced that they will support the partnership for democratic, economic andsocial changes. However, there are problems to this such as below:

• bilateral trade relationships between G8 countries have to be equal.

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• G8 countries should ratifythe internationalagreements and complywith them.

Also G8 should aim for thefollowing goals:

• Social development andintegration.

• Stability based ondemocracy and rightssecured in the constitution.

• Free mandatory education.(Especially the capacitybuilding and peaceeducation is important inthe conflict areas)

• Better Judicial system. (Especially for the younger people)• Better medical service system• Conflict resolution and non-violence.

- To stop the arm’s trade and to increase the non-proliferation areas. To decrease the death of thecivilians.

- To adopt the Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution in the Third World Countries.• To secure the rights of women and children.• Psychological and physical support for the disabled.• Return of the refugees.

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Kazuko Ito• Human rights violations are taking place and being reported around the world. The basic human

rights are not being secured.• In Tibet: Military means are taken for the peaceful demonstrations. Including the issues of

Olympic torches, the situation is not very ideal for the ‘Festival of Peace’. G8 should issue anstatement demanding China peaceful dialogue with Dalai Lama.

• In Burma: Peaceful citizens and monks are being suppressed by military means and theinternational criticisms are growing. There are movements to oppress the democratic movementsand change the constitution rejecting the UN agencies and international observers from entering.

• In Sudan: 2 million people were assassinated in Darfur. UN mission is going on without any clearsuccesses.

• We should recognize the rights-based approach. G8 countries are violating human rights.Violence cannot secure human rights. We should take approaches based on the dialogue.

Kiyotaka Takahashi• Why Human Rights Unit? From on-the-field experience in Iraq, Afghanistan and Palestine,

human rights is closely associated with development and environment.• G8 countries should recognize that the human rights situations are getting worse.• We need to view the human rights situation based on the local point of view and not just from

the top down. As a peaceful country with the Article 9, we should appeal this point at the G8conference as well.

Hideaki Uemura• There is a Global Conference supporting the Article 9 in May.• We are going to criticize the movement towards developing nuclear power plans. G8 countries

are working toward the development of the military use of nuclear power and this should bequestioned.

Mika Sakai (Indigenous Peoples Summit in Ainu Mosir 2008, Japan)

• Representative of the Indigenous Summit. G8 should listen to the voice of the grass-rootsmovement.

• The indigenous peoples are the ones being affected by the global warming and; therefore, shouldlisten to their voice.

• Japanese government should recognize the Ainus.

From the floor• Japan is being ignorant of the human rights violations.• Aid flow and human rights have strong link.• China is one of the biggest supporter of Burma.• In Ache, the conflict was put to end due to the natural disaster. The same could be said about the

world with the global warming issues.• How can human rights activists and environmental activists cooperate• The crisis of the Article 9.

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Conclusion by the panelists:Kiyotaka TakahashiThe situation for the ODA worsening by increasing relation between ODA and the national profit.Arms trade by ODA has started 2 years ago.

Kazuko ItoShould promote dialogue with China. Should have the platform based on the human rights.

Fadi FayezThe article 9 of the Japanese Constitution is the treasure of the world and should be exported.

Minnie DevawanAid giving countries should supervise the quality and the use of the aid given.

Hideaki UemuraTo secure the transparency, human rights are necessary. Rights are needed for everything includingcreating NGOs and carrying out projects.

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16:40 -18:00, 23rd April, 2008

Plenary Session IV:

G8 countries and EnvironmentIntroduction: Phil Clapp, Pew Environment Trust, the US

Speakers: Ryutaro Yatsu, Councilor for Global Environment, Ministry of Environment,JapanMie Asaoka, Kiko Network, JapanSanjay Vashist, TERI, IndiaJeffrey Alan McNeely, International Union for Conservation of Nature -IUCNEmmanuel Maria C. Calonzo, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives -GAIA, the Philippines

Facilitator: Peter Ritchie, Ritchie Communications, UK

Introduction: Phil Clapp“Global Warming: The Human Impacts”Climate change has a great impact on human life so broadly that we approach this issue in methodof dividing topics: Global Warming, Human Rights and Development as of today. While suchmethod has been used, there are problems raised from not talking together. Each topic must beunified. Otherwise we cannot address goals. Thus put in plain terms in Human Impacts of theGlobal Warming.

Level of CO2 continues rising since industrial period; it was 280 ppm in 1700 and 430 ppm and +.5degree in 2008. If this trend is not changed, it will be 550 ppm +3 deg in roughly 2035 and then 750ppm +4-5 deg in 2100. Exposure to malaria in Africa increase, crop yields drop and major river flowdecrease, as the human impacts of global warming goes on and on; none of the global goals will bemet if any of them is considered. At 4 degrees above, water shortages affect 4.4 billion people inSouth Africa, 25-60% increase in people at risk from hunger will be inevitable, 250,000 child deaths,additional, by 2050. Massive increases in South Asia and South Africa on people living on less than2 dollars a day, roughly 145 million people. The G8 Summit MUST address these impacts.

Speaker: Ryutaro YatsuOf course, the environment should be the major point for G8 leaders. In particular, the focusshould be climate change, biodiversity, a proposal for the “3 R’s”, and outcomes in Heiligendamm.In 2004, Mr. Bush and Mr. Koizumi proposed to launch the 3 R initiative. In addition to the 3 Ragenda, water and environmental education could also be a topic for discussion.

Last March, the Gleneagles conference was hosted in Chiba in cooperation with groups such as IEAfor energy scenario and policy assistance and World Bank for financial mechanism. Coming in May,minister will host the environmental minister’s meeting in Kobe. In Kobe, discussion will beproposed: How and what should be the G8 contributions to foster UNFCCC negotiation, and howit will be facilitated the Bali roadmap which includes long-term goal considered by EU and Canada.

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Prime Minister Fukuda, in Davos in January, pledged that Japan will have a target for the 2012regime, and addressed the international competitiveness issue, and proposed internationalbenchmarking, to share the burden in the 2012 regime. The agenda in the upcoming Bonn summitshould include the possible G8 intiiative in cooperation with CBD. Japan would like to host a CBDCOP10 in Nagoya, 2010. They would like to put a higher priority on biodiversity.

Clarification requested on the Gleneagles dialogue from Moderator: Peter Ritchie.The ministers welcomed the IEA and WorldBank contributions. That was the first meeting afterCOP 13, the ministers discuss the elements of the 2009 Copenhagen agreement.

Right now, the Japanese government is working with the U.S to organize the details of the Toyakosummit, and had a 3rd meeting in Paris under MEM, We could share an idea of Sectional Approachand long-term goal. The Japanese foreign affairs ministry announced that the 4th day, which is July9th, will be the head of the G8’s climate change discussion together with the leaders of Africannations. This could be a chance to collaborate with the United States and other countries.

Speaker: Mie AsaokaLooking toward the 2009 agreement will lay out plans for 2013-2020; the G8 will be a veryimportant transit point to consider Bali agreement into the next commitment term, 2013-2020. TheKyoto protocol was started in Japan, Japan needs to lead the way between 2008 and 2012.Unfortunately, Japan is viewed internationally as lagging behind other nations. IN the next meeting,Japan needs to catch up with other nations.

Since 1990, Japan increased emissions by 7%, not as bad as the US. The industrial sector has astrong voice in the government and economically oriented policies. Last year, for 1 year, as we arethe governmental policies have been scrutinized in meetings with committees, subcommittees, noprogress made. Thus the manufacturing plans, and industry plans have only voluntary action.

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A cap and trade type emission program has seen no program. Small and medium companies, andtransportation section, have mostly had voluntary, efficiency factors. Japan has good technology,but it hasn’t been adequately implemented.

Last year, at the summit, former Prime Minister Abe said emissions would be halved, but no planswere announced. No concrete response. The plan was to reduce specific amounts in differentsections in 2020, but it is barely possible to achieve even the 1990 levels. The PM talked about postKyoto protocol, which means that Japan may abandon the protocol.

The Kiko Network is doing the climate protection campaign such as in the UK and try to establishthe Climate Protection Law such as in Germany. We are campaining for the cap and trade programas well, and we hope the G8 summit can be a the chance for Japan to be a leader of developedcountries.

Japan is responsible to continue mid and long term commitment, otherwise Japan can’t fulfill itsresponsibility to the world. To Mr.Yatsu, if the government only considers the importance of Steel,Heavy and Power industry, Japan should not full fill its responsibility to other countries in theworld. That is my request.

Moderator: Peter RitchieAnything for a response about the accusation that current plans will only lead to increase CO2? Andalso for long-term target?

Speaker: Ryutaro YatsuThe government reversed the ongoing national target plan for Kyoto target last month. Reviewingthe performance of the first action plan, the advisory council to the minister of environment, tradeand industry, did a comprehensive review. They discovered that, in order to insure the achievementof the Kyoto target, the government should introduce a mechanism, new policies and measures.The government added these new polices and measures in the plan. Previously, the governmentreviewed annually, but from now on it will happen twice a year. Next year, there will be anothercomprehensive review. These are the effort to meet the Kyoto target.

The Japanese government have not announced it own mid-term and long-term target. Theyproposed “their bottom up type approach”, based on energy indicators in the major energyconsuming sectors, to ensure the level playing field for all countries in 2012 regime. It will take timeto prepare a set of indicators to create methodologies for this purpose. One initiative will be on the8th of May in Paris, the government will organize an international workshop on the methodologyof the bottom up approach. Leading researchers will be invited to gather on the 8th of May.

With regard to the long term, the ministry of Environment is considering how much the level andpotential of the Japanese effort in the long term is and also researches and studies conducted byNational Institute for Environment Studies. What Japan should do to ensure the 50% by 2050,global target.

Speaker: Sanjay Vashist2 points:

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1. AdaptationG8 countries should consider other for money from CDM,

2. Additional ResponsibilitiesIt is true. From India, once the action is adopted and known, it will be easier for developednations to move.

Briefly speaking, on the G8 process of the last four years, we know that the G8 as the post 2005process, including the Gleneagles dialogue. Occasionally, it is referred to as the G8 +5, +8, +9,expanding the way for civil society to participate in negotiation process.

What is required now is to strengthen the process. This is because what has been agreed has notbeen actually met. No transparency, No responsibility on what happened to the programs?

The G8 is still not a global agenda. The deadlock on climate change; Developed countries are askingfor developing 5 countries to act; the problem lies in technology transfer. Climate Change agendacan only be addressed by all participants. This brings up the importance of developed countries’lifestyle, which are copied by developing countries.

Developed countries need to lower per-capita, “Be the change that you want to see in the world”,ethic-based perception tells us there is certainly both developed and developing countries’responsibility. While asking developing countries’ actions, there has not been certain action whichagreed in the last G8 summits.

One recommendation for adaptation, millions are suffering. Financial resources are restrained.Innovative market based solutions will upscale adaptation action. To conclude: Top to bottom, intocomplying what’s being agreed, Bottom to Top, to let all have voices.

Moderator: Peter RitchieG8+5+5; any talk about how other counties and organizations should join in and how to includethem into the negotiation process?

Speaker: Ryutaro YatsuRegarding how engaged is Japan in the Negotiations and will the governments sign something bythe G8? I am not quite sure because I am not well-informed of the G8 and what will happen in G8by other ministry and office which organize G8 Toyako summit. I am in charge of Kobe meetingbut not of Toyako summit. In the environment ministers meeting in Kobe, it will invite G8 +5, +3from outreaching countries and they will discuss all of agenda to be prepared for the summit.

The host country would like to propose the participating countries, in order to “We are NotSuggesting a Negotiated Text” for the meeting. Looking for “what extent the ministers fromoutreaching countries” what could be the consensus between G8 and outreaching countries. Thediscussion in the meeting with the outreaching countries should be reflected in the document as aconclusion, or summary of the meeting and discussion. We should not forget that this is a G8meeting, so the core groups should be the ministers of G8. Inviting active participation fromoutreaching countries, and those should be fully reflected.

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Speaker: Jeffrey Allan McNeelyBiodiversity6-8 years ago, many biodiversity advocates were discouraged by Millennium Development Goals.When climate change burst on the scene, biodiversity seems to be left behind or aside of globalissues and climate change quickly; despite we have worked on it for 20 years.

Perfect storm for climate change issue; Science, Economics and Society. IPCC 4th report is solidscience and hard to refute. Stearns Report, former World Bank economist convinced that climatechange will cost a fortune, addressing the problems won’t cost nearly as much. Al Gore; he couldn’tbe president but made a power point slide show, wo!!

Bali came along, 10,000 people showed up. Nothing was decided, but everybody had a great time.Last time I was in Kyoto was in October. The event I attended was Science and Technology andSociety conference in Kobe. The heads of the biggest companies: GE, Hitachi, Toyota, Dow, NobelWinners and so on gathered. Everybody got together for no more than 8 minutes. NO power-point!I was impressed how important opinions from different area are.

The big point about energy was energy conservation. People need to use less. At the Genevacarshow, looked at the response of the automobile industry. Green cars, green Ferrari, Bentley had asports car, running on biofuel. One question is if we use biofeul in order to maintain the samelifestyle for ever?

Carbon Cap and Trade. Is it really going to get people to consume less?Kyoto protocol: watching the difficult negotiations to reach, an agreement and target that reallywouldn’t make a difference, anyway.Biofuels, EU came up with a 5.6% biofuel target. This was a policy before the science. They see theproblem with their policy.

The above is background. The impacts will be felt by people through their impact on ecosystemsrather then Kyoto mechanism. Rising sea-level, deforestation, acidification of Oceans and affectingreefs, fishers are happening right now already. Changing rainfall changes productivity, distributionsof species and ecosystems, and the distributions of diseases.

What are the messages that the ministers of environment must discuss?Incorporate concerns about ecosystems and biodiversity on climate change discussion! Do no harmthem with policies. Give a lot more attention to adaptation, the role of biofuels and ecosystems.

What does biodiversity have that can lead to the perfect storm?No IPCC, No Stearn Report, No Al Gore.Here in Japan, for each individual there are 3 trips to a national park each year.

Speaker: Emmanuel Maria CalonzoThe 3R Initiative: Introduction.In April 2005, GAIA wrote to the Philippine government to convey our uneasiness about the 3RInitiative, one of the goals of which was "to reduce trade barriers to the international flow of goodsand materials for recycling and remanufacturing."

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Oftentimes, the real thrust is only the 3rd R, Recycling. While it is useful, recycling does not addressthe problems with the over-consumption of resources, the use of too much and too toxic materials,and the resulting waste and pollution.

We need a 4th R (and probably more Rs): RESPONSIBILITY.

Let’s put emphasis on the a "4th R";Consumer Responsibility which means conscious ofenvironmental cost of choices, producer Responsibility, and taking responsibility for entire live lifecycle of process.

National and international responsibility is also important. We refer to the need to enact andenforce essential policies that will promote holistic waste and toxic prevention and reduction, andnational self-sufficiency in waste management. Responsible national governments should also takesteps in stopping the dumping of hazardous wastes and other controlled or banned substances,especially from industrialized to the developing nations.

Basel Ban Amendment, the amendment to the Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movementof Hazardous Waste and their Disposal has to be ratified.

We need, through democratic process, to think again about trade of hazardous wastes, trade policyof them, and the 3Rs+1R. We need to create more opportunity of clean job, and to change thesociety which treats over-consumption and waste as a virtue.

Thus G8 must embrace the 4th R, otherwise business as usual.

Speaker: Ryutaro YatsuResponding to Biodiversity, in the coming G8 environmental meeting, the ministers are expected todiscuss what should be the appropriate model of the society in coexistence with nature in aharmonic manner. As mentioned, the Satoyama(a natural woodland that coexists with a nearbypopulated area) is a concept of this model. Also, climate and biodiversity will be a very important.

Illegal logging and deforestation has been a major part of the agenda for the G8 in the past fewyears. There is a new initiative under G8 on illegal logging. Scientific capability for biodiversity isvery important. If possible, I would like to hear from Germany on the progress of the Stearn typereview in the future.

3 R; among G8 member countries, there is an attempt to identify how to prioritize 3 R. In St.Petersburg Summit, the G8 ministers agreed upon 2 numerical targets for resource efficiency. Wewould like to follow up on this agreement. Right now, the materials or used materials easily gobeyond national boundaries. This creates huge problems, especially in the environmental world.How to establish and How international cooperation resume should be is important.

Question from P. ClappNGO’s are concerned by the Japanese government on what appeared to be a Bush style voluntarytarget, with national commitments. Does Prime Minister, Fukuda remain committed to a bindingprotocol like process? Has anyone other than G8 leaders agreed to come?

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Response of R. YatsuPrime Mister Fukuda clearly says they need an absolute reduction target. The government said theyneeded an international nationally binding target, not a nationally binding process. Our voluntarytarget is within the commitment and thus completely different from the Bush style voluntary targetwhich is outside of the commitment of international binding target. Level of agreement or points ofagreement is not so concrete or not so high as was expected in the MEM process. There will be a lotof argument on the agreement, or the long term target, peaking or declining.

Prime Minister Fukuda clearly mentioned that there should be a peak and decline in 10-20 years.What they need is the requirement of the top-down approach of the peaking and declining globally.To achieve the goal and stabilization of global climate, it is very important to think of fairness ofburden sharing.

Questions from the Floor• Innovative funding is needed. Is there any chance that the G8 will address a new mechanism

outside the UFCCC process?

• How much will be Water discussed at the environmental minister’s meeting. Water hasn’t beenmentioned much. Will the G8 summit discuss a lot? What is the relationship with ODA?

• Everybody is talking about biodiversity. marjoity of farmers in the south? How do we deal withthis issue in the G8 summit?

• Regarding mid to long term targets, we are worried that the direction the IPCC level refer to isn’tbeing followed. In Bali, the AWG indicated that Japan should really meet the -25 to -40percentages. When the peak and decline is stated at 10-20 years, how does that fit in with Bali?How could Japan be clearer? It is good for Japan to be interested in an equity debate, but it wouldbe much good to have initiatives from Japan

• Thank you, Mr.Yatsu, for your attendance. The global issue is importance, global perspective isessential. The discussion is really related to the domestic problem. The profit and loss, but for theG8, please have a global perspective.

• Economics only captures a tiny bit of the impact of climate change. The whole householddepends on one light-bulb in a house in Africa, on the other hand, there is a banker who canafford to drive one extra kilometer. Far greater impact on developing countries.

Speaker: Ryotaro YatsuWith Africa and Adaptation; we recognize the needs for adaptation, particularly in Africa and smallislands countries. Thus the proposal to create 1 specific annex to the convention will be needed, andwe would like international recognition on this assistance. With regards to Africa, Japan will host aYokohmaa meeting that will discuss Climate and Adaptation, particularly for Africa, whatmechanisms? The outcome from TICAD will be reported to Toyako summit.

Water: Japan hosted the water summit in Asia Pacific region 3 years ago. Water should be a veryimportant area, not only water and sanitation, but also the natural disaster, related to climate

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change. The environment minister will discuss water, focused on the adaptation side. The head ofstates will discuss water more generally.

The midterm and long-term target: Japan joined the consensus on the conclusion of the AWGKyoto Protocol, mentioning that AWG recognized the 25-40% reduction. Japan is preparing for theJapanese stance for the mid-term goal, definitely recognizing this goal. But it’s not recognized thatthis is the agreed target fro Annex 1 target. But they do recognize it as a broader target for Annex 1nations.

Equity issues: The colleagues in European Unions, especially Germany, started addressinginternational competitiveness and leaking issues. We basically welcome any argument about globalcompetitiveness. And then we totally agree upon the common but differentiated responsibility. Wedon’t intend to apply the same standards to emerging economies. Please to understand, the 50 by 50reduction. IF the developed countries reduce the emissions up to 0 % from now on, the developingworld must make effort as well in order to peak and decline global CO2 emission. The developedcountries will make every effort, but this is not enough. Developing nations must too address theircommitment and they should pay attention to their total emissions in measurable and verifiablemeans.

Speaker: Mie AsaokaJapan should follow the process which we have agreed in Bali. They should not let themselves bepersuaded so much by domestic argument and industry lobbing. It is much needed for Japan as thehost country of G8 summit to send message and to show initiative towards the world byannouncing its own midterm target.

Speaker: Sanjay VashistWe need to think more seriously of CDM, fund, and money transfer. It is reasonable that developedinsist developing countries to have responsibility, but developed countries should suggest someadditional responsibility as well.

Speaker: Jeffrey Allan McNeelyIUCN published “Indigenous peoples and climate change” on website. GMO’s IUCN, at its generalassembly, passed a resolution for a GMO moratorium which also endorsed the Carte Gena protocolfor Biosafety. US, not party but is affected. Any technology used should be safe before it is used. Beaware of biotech damages.

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Environment

Climate ChangeIntroduction: Yurika Ayukawa,WWF Japan

Speakers: Junkwan AHN, KFEM, South KoreaHuzi Mshelia, Clean Energy and Environment Initiative, NigeriaMorrow Gaines Campbell III, Vitae Civilis Institute for Development,Environment and Peace, Brazil

Facilitator: Kathrin Gutmann,WWF Germany

Yurika AyukawaThe following problems can be raised for Japan’s position toward G8.

• Suggestions toward post-2012 reduction rules that do not consider the “DifferentiatedResponsibility” principle- Putting Japan’s total reduction goal along with “other major emitters” (Prime Minister

Fukuda’s speech at the Davos meeting) - Create sectoral indicators and establish commonstandards with other countries

• The appropriateness of the Cool Earth Partnership (10 billion dollar fund to developing countriesto combat global warming)- One third of it is used for Adaptation Fund (grant)- Two thirds of it is the recombination of existing ODA and it is a mix format of soft loans and

loans.- Countries, dealing with emission reduction as a condition, are listed

• Positioning technology transfer as something that utilizes commercial market• Not positioning long-term goal as “legally binding”• Setting the time of peak out too late

- Prime Minister Fukuda said “It needs to peak out in the next 10 to 20 years” in his speech atDavos meeting, but increase of 2 degree Celsius becomes inevitable if it occurs in 2027

• There is a possibility that the agreement at Toyako G8 Summit becomes the same as theagreement at the Major Economy Meeting (MEM),which is planned to be held on the followingday, and therefore, not achieving an agreement over ambitious goals like the ones at theHeiligendamm G8 Summit- Technology Workshop of MEM was held on April, 2008 in Paris- President Bush (United States): he declared global emissions will peak out on the year 2025, and

together with Prime Minister Fukuda’s previous remark (that includes the year 2027 in therange of peak-out), there is a possibility that an agreement of “peak-out on the year 2025” willbe made

Q&AQ: Is technology transfer done by the private sector?

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Yurika Ayukawa: There have been only thoughts about the private sector, such as joint venturelicense.

Q: Does it mean that developing countries need to pay additional money for technology transferbecause of intellectual property rights issues?

Yurika Ayukawa: That’s right. It is the BAU system, not the technology transfer based on treaties.

Junkwan AhnI will talk briefly about the South Korean government’s measures to combat global warming. SouthKorea’s CO2 emission became 104.6% (approximately twice) between 1990 and 2004. Thepopulation of 48 million people is using 15 million cars. Also, South Korea’s oil consumption is 6thin the world, and 92% of energy is imported. South Korean government’s scenario is that rawmaterials delivered from fossil fuels will increase in 2030, but at the same time renewable energy willbe 7%. Although its energy consumption cannot be considered to be as of a developing country’s, itis difficult to set emission reduction targets if 1990 is the base year. The new president has statedthat nuclear power is the best measure to combat global warming, and it will be promoted. Koreangovernment needs to formulate clear mid-term goals and action plans.

Q&AQ: Are there any inputs in order to make better agreements on G8 Summit?

Junkwan Ahn: South Korea and the U.S. government will be in the same direction of the wind. Thefocus will be on how the business sector will act. South Korean government is attracting attention,and is acting in a way to avoid being pointed out that South Korea is a member of Annex I Parties.

Q: You mentioned in South Korea’s scenario that it includes 9% of renewable energy, but does it

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include large hydro power?

Junkwan Ahn: It is small hydro power. But more than 60% of that 9% is waste power generation,and wind power is just 1%.

Q: You mentioned “South Korea is a member of Annex I Parties”, but when is it planned to beannounced?

Junkwan Ahn: I think the South Korean government will enter Annex I Parties in post-2012, inother words, in 2013. Most citizens will be convinced. However, it is uncertain that the SouthKorean government can actually set reduction targets.

Q: South Korean Minister of Environment announced an option of “keeping 2005 level of CO2

emission until 2012” at MEM (Paris). What do you think about it? Also, South Korea’s Ministry ofEnvironment said South Korea will have 20% reduction in non-industrial sectors.

Junkwan Ahn: The industrial sector is uncontrolled, and there is not any concrete action plan in theMinistry of Environment. NGOs are against this situation. Annual 1% reduction is the realistic wayof speaking. In order to achieve 40% reduction, the current situation needs to be reduced by 70%,so I think it is unfeasible. It is more appropriate to say “10% reduction in CO2 emission until 2020,2005 as the baseline”.

Q: How is the South Korean government recognizing CDM?

Junkwan Ahn: They are recognizing CDM as an effective solution.

Huzu MsheliaI will talk about drought and desertification, which are the effects of global warming, and measuresto combat them. There is the Atlantic Ocean in the south of Nigeria, and 35% of its land is desert.36 states confront desertification, and states that are on the Atlantic coast are encountering sea levelrise. The Times Atlas (a world map publisher) was published in 2007, and Lake Chad was drawn as97% smaller than previous condition. Water supply side became a difficult situation.

Next, I will talk briefly about NGO activities. In NEST/CIDA (a project that builds adaptation plansfor global warming) an afforestation project called “Seeds for jigawe” is organized. It isimplemented along with local companies’ cooperation, and by planting trees one by one, rewardsare paid. This is a method that creates incentives.

As of government’s future activities, “Green Wall Sahara” project is being carried out. It is a plan togreen the Sahara desert and convert it into a food pantry. It has been applied for an afforestationproject as CDM.

Global warming countermeasures in the framework of UNFCCC are not addressed enough otherthan by the Ministries of Environment. The government has not proposed any adaptationmeasures. There are not any specific numbers or statistics either. NGOs are calling for the creationof “International Environment Convention: Environment Committee”. They have submitted theirdemand to Nigeria’s parliament, and are planning to call for the public about the contents of theproposal to the public hearing.

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The government is also actively supporting in this regard. Nothing can be implemented withoutfunds, so fund-raising will be needed.

I ask two things for the G8 Summit. One is an adequate technology transfer, and the other is a post-2012 promise that takes the fact that Nigeria is a vulnerable country into consideration.

Morrow Gaines Campbell IIII will talk about the effects on Brazil. Water on the upper Amazon basin disappeared, and the localresidents became to have difficulty in obtaining water for four months. Sao Paulo is located 100kmaway from its water source, and any effect on the water source affects 18 million people’s lives.There are some moves in the Chamber of Commerce in Sao Paulo to reduce green house gases byworking together among the companies. The breakdown of Brazil’s increase in CO2 emission is 70%forest reduction plus changes in land use, and therefore afforestation is needed. Production ofsugarcane (agro-fuel) and soybeans are affecting pasturage, and is pressuring the rainforest. Brazil’senergy production has some problems such as fossil fuels and bioenergy.

As a request to the Japanese government and G8, they need to clearly manifest a mid-term goal forCO2 emission and take strong leadership. There are some countries that do not have any measuresto combat global warming (Brazil has almost nothing either). Making government-level measures,stimulating countries to take measures that are not prepared for combating global warming, andsetting legally-binding goals are needed to be done at G8 Summit.

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Environment

3R InitiativeIntroduction: Takeshi Yasuma, Chemicals Policy Analyst, Citizens Against Chemicals

Pollution(CACP), JapanDVD “Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia”

Speaker: Emmanuel Maria C. Calonzo, Co-coordinator, Global Alliance forIncinerator Alternatives (GAIA), the Philippines

Asian NGOs call for a new 3Rs initiative that contributes to achieving both National Self-Sufficiencyin Waste Management in every country and the international cycle of materials. The principleurgently needed is Global Environmental Justice.

“Introduction to the position paper for the 3R Initiative issue”by Takeshi YASUMAIn the life-cycle of product -production, use, and disposal, people in developing countries aredistrustful of developed countries since developed countries are more likely to benefit fromproduction and use of products while foisting the burden of disposal onto developing countries’shoulders.

As recommendations for the G8 Environmental Ministerial Meeting in Kobe, May 2008 and for theG8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, July 2008, we call for a new 3Rs initiative that contributes toachieving both national self-sufficiency in waste management and the international cycle ofmaterials founded on Environmental Justice.

Appeal to developed countries including Japan to take the following actions with the aim ofestablishing a new waste management system:

• Put a high priority of a new 3Rs initiative on Environmental Justice,• Comply with the principle of National Self-Sufficiency in Waste Management and not to impose

a disproportionate responsibility of waste management on developing countries,• Clean all hazardous parts of used materials and end of life ships prior to export, when the

materials need to be exported for recycling• Advocate Basel Ban Amendment and bring it into force immediately,• Provide developing countries with human resource, financial and technical supports to improve

recycling system and technology, which would help developing countries manage wastegenerated in their countries without damaging the environment and human health,

• Distinguish new products, second-hand goods destined for reuse, and waste in developedcountries.

Documentary Film by Basel Action Network “Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia”(in Japanese)

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“A Critique of the 3Rs Initiative and Toxic Waste Trade” by Emannuel Maria C. CalonzoThe problem of the 3Rs Initiative is “to reduce the barriers to the international flow of goods andmaterials for recycling and remanufacturing”, which is one of the objectives. The concept of the 3Rshas no contribution to solve the problem such as large consumption, products of short life span,throwaway culture, and waste disposal process spreading pollution. Seeming recycle under the guiseof “international material cycles” harmfully effects on environment and poor people in developingcountries.

We need more “R” including RESPONSIBILITY as a fourth R. For example, Retrain, Restore,Rethink, Refuse, and Return are insisted. As for RESPONSIBILITY, there are at least four aspectsthat should be concerned: Consumer RESPONSIBILITY, Extended Producer RESPONSIBILITY,National and International RESPONSIBILITY, Social RESPONSIBILITY.

In Philippine, governmental committee as well as NGO pointed out the problem of the 3Rs.Loophole in the governmental regulation system is considered as another problem. Also, the Japan-Philippine Economic Partnership Agreement lists a host of hazardous wastes, for which tariffs are tobe eliminated. We strongly propose that all matters relating to reduction and elimination of thetrade barriers should be completely removed, in order to clear up civil society’s concerns.

Questions and AnswersQ: How about the condition of Japan on the ratification of the Basel Convention?

Yasuma: Japan has ratified the Convention and enacted the domestic laws, but doesn’t adopt theBasel Ban Amendment which declares total ban on exports of hazardous waste from developed to

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developing countries.

Calonzo: Japan seems to spend much more money on wrong way. They should take humanresource and money on comprehensive approach including climate change and Zero-Waste.

Q: It was suggested the concept of Zero-Waste, how do you think about dealing with existingwastes?

Calonzo: It is very difficult problem. Developed countries are now sending harmful waste todeveloping countries under the name of “recycling”.

Q: How about the condition of China?

Calonzo: In principle at least China has been supposed not to import e-waste from developedcountries including Japan, but they are going into the nation through Hong Kong. There is an issueof treating e-waste from developed countries and within their own nation.

Q: How about Japanese makers’ work?

Yasuma: There is legitimate way for collecting by Electric Appliance Recycling Law and Law forPromotion of Effective Utilization of Resources. However, the amount is only a small part. Forexample, only 10 percent of PC have been collected in legitimate way.

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Poverty and Development

Financing for DevelopmentCo-Chairs: John Ruthrauff, InterAction,USA

Nobuhiko Katayama, World Vision JapanIntroduction: Takumo Yamada, Oxfam Japan

ODA: Farida Akhter, UBINIG, BangladeshEducation: Jennifer Chiwela, Africa Network Campaign on Education for All: ANCEFA,

ZambiaInnovative Financing and World Economy:

Sony Kapoor, DEFINE, UK

Introduction: Takumo YamadaJapan’s ODA is decreasing and in 2007 its volume is 0.17% of GNI, which is situated at 20th inOACD/DAC members. Japan’s development policy will focus on health, education, and food crisisas we see it in the G8 Development Ministers’ Meeting in April.

Japan’s aid is lack of its established philosophy. Also Government of Japan is lack of specialists whoare familiar with each specialty on aid. Basic concepts of Japan’s aid stress on poverty reductionthrough economic growth and “self-help”. Japan is basically reluctant to the Paris Declaration onaid effectiveness.

ODA: Farida AkhterIt is ODA related to poverty reduction and food crisis.MDGs had its own goal in 8 subjects such as health care, education and sanitation etc. Goal 8 tellsabout development aid. G8 are donor countries. However as they participate from the standpoint ofbusiness, they are not serious about poverty reduction enough. If not, they must supportfurthermore.

Goal of 0.7% to GNI is crucial. Global health and education is in particular. It goes to the issues ofchild mortality rate under 5, parturient and HIV. Aid is not targeted enough at those sectors. Muchconditionalities follow aid. Privatization and liberalization have put big pressure to each developinggovernment. Ambassadors of G8 countries in developing countries have much stronger presencethan government officials. Particularly women and children come under a lot of pressure.

Microfinance is deteriorating. Not all the program though. This is not the drastic one.

About the food crisis. The skyrocketing price caused by the food crisis makes accomplishment ofMDGs unstable. It is crime for human that they utilize food as fuel.Biofuel makes up 7% from the amount of food production in 2007. It deprives land and water fromagricultural policy. WFP is fighting against fuel crisis. Biofuel causes deforestation and deterioration

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of soil. It takes up the market of developing countries. The producer countries now becomeimporting countries. Distorting the markets.

Education: Jennifer ChiwelaWhat kind of activities focused on the education has been implemented. We never give in eventhough lack of resource. It is to accomplish MDGs with mutual accountability and commitment in2000. 100% enrolment in primary education and gender equality. Kananaskis (2002), increase offree primary education. In 2006 uphold FTI Initiative by Education For All.

Regarding FTI (Fast Track Initiative). In order to accelerate towards EFA’s two goals, assess theavailability of the plan prepared by the domestic donor groups. Catalytic roles like filling up thegaps of financial resource.

Increase the budget appropriation for education by 20%. Make it up from $1.7 billion to $4 billion.$3 billion decrease in 2005/2006. $16 billion decrease. Some G8 countries do not keep up thepromise. The problem is national benefit-based aid. Support from G8 donor. Netherlands andNorway are highest ranked. UK and Canada go to upper level. Others are low ranked. About $15billion is needed for the year.

Innovative Financing and World Economy: Sony KapoorUnder the process of development funds, EU is getting actively involved in particular. Civil societymust pressure to G8.

About ODA. However the USA government is funding trillions dollar as aid, mostly they are tideaid and just 5cents is utilized out of $3 of the political assistance. Regarding the quality of aid, it ischangeable as fourfold as GDP. Practically it is hard to plan. About infrastructure, maintenance is

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not adequate. Unable to keep teachers and doctors. Long term and predictable support is needed.

As for innovative financing mechanisms, there are examples like stock exchange tax, currencytransaction tax and air ticket levy. Innovative Financing mechanisms are effective for long-termfinancing and global services. The point is the capital flight from Africa.

Additionally food crisis is at risk. We need to consider what contribution the climate change hasmade towards development.

Discussion & Wrap UpIssues to raise/Cases to put forward at the Round Table

• Need mechanism for G8 accountability for past commitments made.

• At mid-point in the timetable for achieving the MDG goals, it is clear that they will not be unlessthe quantity and quality of aid is increased.

• Food price crisis and climate change adaptation creates need for additional resources in additionto current aid targets.

• G8 needs to engage with Financing for Development process. Financing for Development processneeds to be a success.

• G8 needs to maximize resource flows for poverty reduction including innovative financing.

• Debt cancellation needs to be extended to additional countries and illegitimate debts also need tobe cancelled.

• Gleneagles G8 promise to double aid to Africa by 2010 has not happened and needs to happenwithin two years. *

• Return stolen assets of Africa. *

• Level of representation of Africans on multilateral bodies needs to be increased. *

• Commitment of $16 billion per year needed for Education for All.

• Fill the financing gap for the Fast Track Initiative on education. G8 communiqué should reaffirmpledge that no country committed to education would be thwarted because of lack of funds.

• Stop subsidies for bio fuels which is contributing to food price crisis. We should not rely onbiotechnology to solve the food price crisis.

• Increase support for small farmers for sustainable agricultural development.

• Trade concerns of developing countries need to be addressed in a successful conclusion of theDoha round of trade negotiations.

(*Please highlight the issues specifically related to Africa)

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Poverty and Development

Global HealthCo-chair: Minori Tanimura, World Vision Japan

Jill Sheffield, Family Care International, USAIntroduction: Masaki Inaba, Africa Japan Forum

Global Health Priorities from the Civil G8 Working GroupGlobal health issues are one of the biggest challenges in development. G8 countries have a criticalrole to play in supporting the achievement of the health MDGs. This is why we think health issuesshould be a constant, permanent agenda item for future G8 summits. In addition, the G8 shouldcreate a clear mechanism to monitor progress on past and future commitments and annually reporton them.

FIRST WE WANT TO BEGIN WITH PAST COMMITMENTSThe fight against HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria is making progress but we have only just begun. Weare very worried that G8 may abandon its effective focus on these diseases and will not fulfill itscommitments.

• Therefore we demand the full $60 billion in new, additional funding promised at the 2007 G8summit and an action plan of how much will be paid by which country on what timeline and aplan for predictable and sustainable future funding.

• This $60 billion figure should be time-specific over the next 2 to 3 years and must be a part ofachieving the commitments already agreed to by G8 countries:- The Global Plan to Stop TB,- Universal Access on HIV/AIDS by 2010,- Scaling up for impact for malaria interventions,- A fully funded Global Fund at a $6-8 billion annual level

ON NEW COMMITMENTSWe welcome the fact that new and critical items are being brought to the agenda this year.

First, we want to address MDGs 4 and 5.We can save more than 6 million lives of mothers, newborns, and children. We can ensure universalcoverage of the basic services needed for achieving MDGs on maternal and child mortality by 2015for a cost of $10.2 billion annually.

We welcome the G8 agenda item on water and sanitation as it is critical to achieving the otherMDGs and is an extremely cost-effective intervention-$1 gets a $9 return. The G8 should commit toestablishing a global plan of action based on facilitating and supporting coordinated national plans.

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This should include establishing a high-level task force, reporting annually, and a commitment thatno credible national plan should fail for lack of finance.

HEALTH SYSTEMSStrong health systems are key to reach all of these targets. This is why they need additional fundingcommitments-and money committed for other targets should not replace that.

We call on the G8 to reassert their commitment at the Gleneagles summit to promote free access toprimary healthcare and mention specifically their will to support the removal of user fees inparticular for the most vulnerable people such as pregnant women and children.

We also demand that training, deployment and retention of qualified health workers is prioritizedand funded. Vague conversations about health systems that do not have any targets or fundinglevels are insufficient.

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONSOn the $60 billion commitment made last year on HIV/AIDS, TB, Malaria and strengthening healthsystems, which countris will be putting up money and on what timeline? Will you announce this atthe G8 meeting?

Will the G8 make a firm commitment to ensure that $10.2 billion is available each year for maternaland child health and that there is a plan to achieve water and sanitation MDGs?

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Poverty and Development

Anti-CorruptionChair: Tatsuro Kuroda,Chairman, Transparency International - Japan

Reporter: Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of Transparency International, SouthAfrica

Resource persons: Chandra Kirana, Revenue Watch Institute (RWI), IndonesiaToru Umeda, Vice- Chairman, Transparency International - Japan / Prof.Reitaku University

1. G8 SummitThe G8 2007 communiqué says that promoting the fight against corruption, both at the nationaland international levels, remains one of the most important tasks of the G8.The members participating Work Shop Anti-corruption completely endorse it, expect thatcorruption would be discussed sincerely, and the action should be taken.

2. The content of the speechesAt the beginning Cobus stated that:Anti-corruption measures are integral to fighting both poverty and climate change. Hunger andilliteracy can not be eradicated as long as corruption continues to sap resources from the worldspoorest countries.The G8 has a special responsibility to demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption,particularly as it continues to demand greater accountability from developing nations.

Chandra Kirana focused on:The importance of resources based revenue transparency to help resource rich developing countriestheir development goals and ensure money is not corrupted. She had 3 recommendations for theG8 to improve its endorsement for the EITI.• G8 countries should lead by example and join EITI not only endorse for it.• G8 countries should do more to encourage countries like China& India to join the EITI.• G8 should help counties improve environmental/social/human rights standards in the Extractive

Industry sector.This should be done by ensuring a voice for CS & citizens in resource rich developing countries.

Professor Umeda, briefing developments of OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC), both of which constitute important part of a global anti-corruption regime, featuring on some characteristics of those legal frameworks, pointed out that theJapanese government has not had good records so that it needs to put more efforts. Focusing onintersections of the issues of corruption and environment conservation/destruction, he said thatespecially in developing countries corruption helps promote environmental destruction anddiscourage conservation efforts, and he stressed donor countries like the G8 should take more

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effective measures that contribute to strengthening governance of recipient countries through theiraid practices.

3. ProposalsTo wrap up all reports presented to the WS and also the opinions from the floor, the WS concludesas follows,

• The WS acknowledges the importance of Anti-corruption, especially of the G8’s role in fightagainst corruption, and asks G8 to report back on their plentiful pledges made in the past summitmeetings since 2002.

• The WS recommends for the G8 to improve its endorsement for the EITI- G8 countries should lead by example and join EITI not only endorse for it.- G8 countries should do more to encourage countries like China& India to join the EITI.- G8 should help counties improve environmental/social/human rights conditions in the

Extractive Industry sector by ensuring companies from G8 countries operate in developingcountries according to internationally recognized best standards and through ODA helpcountries improve policies and technical capacities.

• The WS urges the G8 do more to stop the supply-side of corruption through crack down onoverseas bribery by G8 based multi-nationals, as well as through the enforcement of the OECDAnti-Bribery Convention, while also implement transparent CSR.

• The WS recommends that the G8 intensify their efforts to deny safe haven to illicit assets andcooperate more pro-actively in Asset Recovery.

• The WS requests that the three G8 member countries, the bearers of the 2007, 2008 and 2009 G8

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presidencies (Germany, Japan, Italy), which have yet to ratify the UN convention againstCorruption should do so at once.

• The WS requests that developed countries, such as the G8, should consider implementing aidpolicies by giving technical and financial assistances that could help developing countriesenhance governance that contributes to the fight against corruption and efforts to keepenvironmental integrity.

In summaryWe urge the G8 to urgently address the continuous exacerbation of poverty - due to persistentsocial, environmental and human rights violations - by stopping illicit financial flows, particularlyby: actively joining the EITI, denying safe haven to illicit assets, pro-actively cooperate in AssetRecovery, and provide ODA to improve policies and technical capacities.

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10:00-12:00, 24th April, 2008

Workshop I : Peace and Human Rights

Democratization and Good GovernanceFacilitator: Kazuko Ito, Human Rights Now, Japan

Speaker: Anil Kumar Singh, SANSAD, IndiaJefferson R. Plantilla, HURIGHTS OSAKA, Japan

Anil Kumar SinghOut of Southeast Asia, there are only 3 democratized countries but this only happened after 2000.More than 40 percent of the poor is living in South East Asia. Marginalized people are fighting fortheir human rights.

Explanations of Human Right situation of each country:

• India: Human Rights Violation taking place. There are community level, national level HumanRights movement; however, since the government did not carry dialogue people started takingarms. Even then, India has vibrant civil society and they can act without much interference.

• Pakistan: Military rule for over 50 years. Presidents elected not democratically. The US issupporting the undemocratic government.

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• Nepal: The king was ruling for a long time but they were assassinated. Kings were replaced butpeople did not like him so they started to protest again kingship. In the recent election, Maoistparty was elected democratically as the number one party. The presence of vibrant civil society.

• Bangladesh: No election in the last two years. Top two leaders were arrested and many politiciansand others were under pressure.

• Sri Lanka: Violence taking place in Northern and Southern side of Sri Lanka. Many tribal groupsare segregated and seeking independence. Human Rights violation taking place with the nationalarmy attacking the LTTE.

• Afghanistan: The U.S. occupation. People had high expectation of the democratically electedinterim government. The U.S. is taking all their means to capture Bin Ladin but has beenunsuccessful.

• Maldives: No existing CSOs but they are working from Sri Lanka.

• Bhutan: Democratically elected government in 2008. CSOs are working from India or Sri Lanka.

Questions and comments that G8 countries must answer to improve the Human Rights situationsin South East Asia:

1. All the focus is on Africa and not enough attention on South East Asia although most poor livein South East Asia. Why is South East Asia being ignored?

2. Why are G8 countries supporting undemocratic governments in South East Asia?3. Himalayas will melt and it would greatly have negative effects on South East Asia. Must start

thinking about the negative effects of climate change in South East Asia.4. 0.7 percent of ODA commitment is too little. New problems are growing; for example, 35 years

ago, there were no climate change problems. There should be demand for the increase. Itshould be one percent commitment from all rich countries.

Jefferson R. Plantilla• Jeff works for NGO which promotes Peace and Human Rights education in South East Asia,

especially to Nepal.

• The situation in Nepal is something like Chan-Poi, Nepalese candy which is sweet and sour.

• UNESCO constitution- “War begins in the mind of people”. Peace exists when the mind of thepeople change which means that the mind is the basic starting point. Peace is the where theHuman Rights are protected.

• Human Rights education schools- why? People who have power are people who have beeneducated for a long time. Human Right school is the key in early educational stage to build thesense of what Human Rights means and how it should be realized.

• The actual situation of Human Rights education in Nepal: (Applying the Chan-Poi model)(Sweet part)1. Human Rights education is actually happening. There are 19 offices of Peace Education and

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NGOs with ministries overseeing the program.(Sour Part)1. Since there is a possibility of political environments changing dramatically, with new policies of

the new government, Human Rights education may not be supported.2. Prevalence of negative view of the Human Rights. ‘Don’t discriminate’ approach is prevalent.

However, the students must be learning from their own experience and not by being told.3. Human Rights education can only be reached to the minority.4. Teachers are being too authoritative.

• Human Rights education means doing something daily which will develop from democraticclassrooms, local and school governments. Good governance is the key to ensuring the HumanRights of the people which will require the active social participation and the courage to changethe government.

Questions and Comments from the floor• In India, there are many NGOs working; however, these NGOs are merely receiving aid from

overseas. They need to start thinking on how they want to change and solve their own problems.

• G8 countries are part of the problem and not part of the solution. Need to tell G8 countries toend the occupation and end the illegal arms trade and stop arms supply. G8 countries haveresponsibility to the world peace. The peace education is crucial.

•Question to Jeff: In G8, only Asian country is Japan. Human Rights comes from the Americanthinking. Asian thinking of Human Rights are different from the Western concept. What is theAsian Values in the debates over Human Rights?

Jeff’s Response: It’s a wrong argument to say that there’s a difference between Western and Asianunderstanding of the Human Rights. Human dignity does not differ in the world.

• There are cultural differences between the countries but there should not be any differences intalking about the value of the Human Rights.

• Question to Anil: Why are they picking just Africa issues in the G8 and not picking the South EastAsia?

Anil’s response: G8 is part of the problem - Economic agenda is being decided democratically butpolitical agenda is being decided by the US. We must fight for the South East Asia identity.

• We must supervise the existence of good governance especially to the G8 countries. The recentexample of Supreme Court’s decision to state that the sending SDF to Iraq was against theconstitution did not have power over the congress. We need check over the separation of power.

• G8 is taking place in Asia. Japan should take leadership to demilitarize and denuclearize Asia.

• In Japan there are two taboo numbers: 6 and 9, which stands for Rokkasho reprocessing plant inAomori and the Article 9. We need to strongly oppose the nuclear build-up and the revision ofthe Article 9.

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• The problem with the world today is that the democracy was never defined. However, HumanRights are clearly defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is imperative for us togo back to the basics.

Conclusion• We should question the accountability of the G8.• End Occupation• Push for Denuclearization• Do not support dictators in the name of Human Rights.• Control small arms• Stop violating the Human Rights in the name of ‘War on Terror”.• Secure Human Right’s holder’s participation in the society and decision making process.

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13:30-15:30, 24th April, 2008

Workshop II : Environment

Climate ChangeCo-Facilitators: Stephanie Tunmore, Greepeace International

Juergen Maier, German NGO Forum for Development and EnvironmentYurika Ayukawa,WWF Japan

Stephanie TunmoreIn the past, G8 Summits were not something positive for NGOs. It is important to raise awarenessto the problems and actions. Climate change should be especially high on the agenda.

Yurika AyukawaI think coordination of the national and international movements and campaigns is needed, butthere is not any specific plan at the moment. I want campaigns targeting business and publicpresences, and the media to expand and intensify, based on the necessity of Climate Protection Actas domestic policies. WWF Japan has little experience on doing campaigns that target generalpublic, but they are doing some elementary campaigns such as the campaign of “sending tanzaku(long strips of paper) with wishes to the Prime Minister”. Are there any other effective campaigns inthe world?

Mie Asaoka (Kiko Network)It is hard for the general public to understand the situation, since it is complex in order to promoteconsensus-building at Copenhagen. The contents of the campaigns should focus on achieving aconsensus. I am planning to enhance the understanding of the general public through studysessions and preparations of draft work, through the form of Climate Protection Act. It is verysignificant, since there have not been any forms of laws on climate change that the general publichas taken part. Also, there is a study session going on, drawing up itemized climate change issues asa fact sheet, and making them into 6 requests to the Japanese government.

Manami Suzuki (Greenpeace Japan)I am recognizing that the focus is on the emission reduction from the power generation sector. AsMs. Asaoka has mentioned during the plenary session, there is a fact that this sector is increasinglargely. The coal-fired power generation capacity became 3 times larger compared to 1990, 2.6 timeslarger in CO2 emission. Nuclear power generation capacity is also increasing.

Maria Loudes Tabios Nuera (Freedom from Debt Coalition: Philippines)The current situation is that funds are coming from large institutions such as the AsianDevelopment Bank. While things such as building South-South relations are urged, theinternational politics led by developed countries is trying to reproduce Asia’s experience in Africa,but it is ignoring the rapid democratization Asia experienced and the reality of environmentaldestruction. I am concerned about the fact that the developed countries are leading the accelerationof these movements.

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Huzi Mshelia (Clean Energy and Environment Initiative: Nigeria)I do not think that any effective and practical results are produced from the various initiatives andagreements to date. What is needed for more effective, practical changes or improvements? What isthe strategy?

Juergen MaierFrom the experiences I had in the past two G8 Summits, I think G8 Summits are available anduseful opportunities. Governments recognize the issues as their agenda and there is also a positiveeffect of committing themselves, so even though there are still some problems, we should act so thatthe NGOs can put their problem areas on the table as an agenda. Of course, there will be still someproblem areas that will not become an agenda.

I think there is no point in debating about the validity or the existence of G8. It is better first toaccept it as a fact and then move on.

In the 2000 Summit, there were countries that had agendas and countries that tried to destroy them.It is an opportunity to be able to support the agendas if they accepted them, and exercise localpower and influence if they try to destroy them. Of course, it would be a problem if the agendas aredifferent, but it is also important to draw a consensus. There will be times that G8 will not work.But I think it is important in those cases for the host country to pay compensation.

Q&AQ: Japan is the host nation for this G8, but are there any cases for campaigns by other countriestargeting Japan? Also, I think it is better to think climate burden as an indicator, rather than lookingat the responsibility on the side of each country’s fiscal spending.

Manami Suzuki: For fiscal spending, there is no point in just looking at its amount. Germany, forexample, has less fiscal spending than Japan, but there is a significant increase in renewable energy.On the other hand, there is a large expenditure on nuclear power generation and coal-fired powergeneration in Japan, and the growth of renewable energy is poor, even though it has been increasinga little. In sum, the content is more important than the amount.In the short term there are discussions over obstacles to trade, but in the medium term merits arehigher than costs. I think there is no need for protections such as by WTO. If we see the UnitedStates, bad public facilities are used, and necessity for paying costs will come out in the mediumterm if they are not forced for actions by protection.

Morrow Gaines Campbell III (Vitae Civilis Institute for Development, Environment and Peace:Brazil): In the case of countries’ campaigns against Japan, they do not at least exist in Brazil. And Iwant to point out the fact that I am the only participant from Latin America among the manyparticipants.

Aileen Mioko Smith (Green Action7): The poor equipped power generating facilities, the poorattitude of the power industry, and the weight of responsibility are flagrantly disregarded. There aresome awful facts of bad influence and exercising influences in a bad sense in policy making. For thecampaigns, I think it will be most effective to point out these facts clearly. Put in another way,clarifying who should take the responsibility, involving the media, is needed.There is not a culture of doing demonstrations mobilizing tens of thousands of people likeGermany in Japan. But there are many entities such as grassroots network which act smartly, so I

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think the appeals to the media and governments will be effective and will spread through inputssubmitted here.

Masako Konishi (WWF Japan): What do you think about the fact that there are a lot of mediaofficials among the participants in this venue? I would like to hear your opinions.

Kyodo News reporter: I am trying to place climate change as the nuclear issue when recognizing theissues, and a lot of the issues become articles with climate change as the source. There are distinctviewpoints among publicizing and sending position.I feel a negative attitude toward sharing and providing information from the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry, so ways of improvements should be considered. Japanese people are especiallynot good under pressure, so I think it is effective to send out a message saying that “Japan’sapproach has been delayed” to overseas by cooperating with NGOs around the world.

Hokkaido Shimbun reporter: I feel national interests such as pension and roads are getting moreattention by people, including members of the Diet and reporters. But the interest in climate changeis growing, so I want more campaigns to take place and I think cooperation is possible too.

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13:30-15:30, 24th April, 2008

Workshop II : Environment

BiodiversityFacilitator & Introduction: Hidenori Kusakari, WWF Japan

Resource Person: Jeffrey Alan McNeely, IUCNYasushi Hibi, Conservation International JapanNanami Kurasawa, Dolphin & Whale Action Network, JapanYuta Hayashi, A SEED JAPAN

Hidenori KusakariBio diversity and the issue of the global warming is the same issue. If bio diversity is compared to ahuman body, it is a visceral disease. We have researched about “Millennium Assessment Ecosystem(MA)”for 5 years, and we found that the present situation is really critical. Second-term research of”Millennium Assessment Ecosystem (MA)”is not launched yet because of financial problems, so G8country should deal with it more actively.

Jeffrey Alan MacneelyWe searched Primary MA for 3 years and write up a threat and a scenario for future of bio diversity.Then, a capable input is “ecological service attached to economic value”. Now we can suggest “avalue derived from forest” against to tree butcher’s opinion, “To log trees becomes economicvalues, so we log trees.” I wonder if we can define economic values, for example, carbon fixation,though trees were logged for bio fuels in Borneo Island, Indonesia.

In 1998, when I was in China, I proposed to stop a haphazard felling of forest, which is abundant ofdomestic species. But preservation measures were not taken. Later, Yangzi river flooded andChinese government stop deforestation, but they start to boost their imports of wood instead ofdomestic wood. From this instance, we can see that consumers who buy wood products should beassigned responsibility to destruction of ecosystem as well as governments acknowledge “values ofeco-system service”. So we need to encourage consumers to have their lifecycles related to biodiversity.

Measures that is needed;1. To promote the study for economic values of ecosystem service by economist.2. We expect G8 their commitment to survey finance for second period MA.3. The road map to 2010 should be defined at G8.4. International institutes and international conferences like WTO should converse about the

concept of bio diversity. CBT don’t deal with issues that they say should be discuss at WTOscheme. But, actually there is a problem that WTO also doesn’t discuss it.

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Yasushi HibiThe target to 2010(the target to moderate notably a speed of losing bio diversity) is a comprehensiveissue. We have to make actions multiply like, if a temperature rise more than 2 ˚C because of theglobal warming 20 % of species will become extinct.

Nanami KurasawaWe need to enhance efforts to ocean bio diversity more strongly, because there is a theory thatocean resources will be extinct in 2048. Especially, Japanese Wildlife Protection and Hunting Lawexclude sea mammal.

We suggest to G8;1. to aware the responsibility about preservation of ocean environment and protection of ocean

resources2. to control marine sanctuary by global governance3. to promote the equal and more transparent non-lethal survey by international institution

Yuta Hayashi;I introduce activities and messages of young peoples toward bio diversity in Japan.There are many opportunity that young people work on preservation of bio diversity, for examples,experience in a natural environment, conservation activities of Satoyama, agriculture and forestry.And we organized the workshop of biodiversity at”Japan Youth Forum Toward G8 Summit”, whichis held with youth network from all fields, “Japan Youth G8 Project”.

Q&AQ: There isn’t specific funding target about biodiversity. What should we work on toward the G8summit?

A: The target for conservation of biodiversity is 2010. Japanese researchers should have readershipand discuss the target for conservation of ecosystem for Japan.

A: How about if we visualize Japanese footprints about ecosystem?

Q: What message should citizens transmit?

A: From the point of conservation of ecosystem in Hokkaido, I think that we can suggest thatBlakiston’s Fish Owl is in the crisis of extinction with their number is only 100 and Japanesegovernment’s Assessment system is inadequate. Nagoya, where the COP10 would be held has sameproblems.

A: We need to visualize that Japan have made little of biodiversity. How about if we introduceinstances of Japan?

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13:30-15:30, 24th April, 2008

Workshop II : Poverty and Development

Report from the workshopsCo-Chairs: Sumie Ishii, JOICFP, Japan

Luca de Fraia, ActionAid Italia

In the area of “Poverty and Development”, workshops on “Financing for Development”, “GlobalHealth”, and “Anti-Corruption” were held in the morning. In the afternoon workshop, theconclusion of those workshops were reported by each facilitator, and then all participants discussedon priority points for roundtable discussion with G8 sherpas, in order to make it strategic andeffective in terms of advocacy on “Poverty and Development” area.

Priority Points for Sherpas from Civil G8 GatheringACCOUNTABILITYWe urge the G8 to create a mechanism for accountability and report each year on the progresstoward each of the commitments made in previous years. In addition, we urge the G8 to supportincreased representation of Africans on multilateral bodies.

EDUCATION• The commitment of $16 billion per year needed for education for all, targeted to implementation

of EFA goals.• Fill the financing gap for the Fast Track Initiative on education. G8 communiqué should reaffirm

pledge that no country committed to education would be thwarted because of lack of funds.

FOOD• Stop subsidies for biofuel which is contributing to food crisis. We should not rely on

biotechnology.• Increase support for small farmers.

ODA• This is the mid-point in the process toward the Millennium Development Goals. It is clear that

the quantity and quality of aid need to be increased in order to achieve MDG goals.• The food crisis and climate change adaptation create the need for additional resources, in

addition to current aid targets.• The G8 needs to engage with Financing for Development process. Financing for Development

process needs to be a success.• The G8 needs to maximize resource flows for poverty reduction including innovative financing.• Gleneagles G8 promise to double aid to Africa has not happened and needs to happen within two

years.

DEBT & TRADE• Debt cancellation needs to be extended to additional countries and illegitimate debts also need to

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be cancelled.• The G8 needs to return stolen assets of Africa.• Trade concerns of developing countries need to be addressed in a successful conclusion of the

Doha round of trade negotiations.

HIV/AIDS, TB, and MALARIAThe fight against HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria is making progress but we have only just begun. Weare very worried that G8 may abandon its effective focus on these diseases and will not fulfill itscommitments.

• Therefore we demand the full $60 billion in new, additional funding promised at the 2007 G8summit and an action plan of how much will be paid by which country on what timeline and aplan for predictable and sustainable future funding.

• This $60 billion figure should be time-specific over the next 2 to 3 years and must be a part ofachieving the commitments already agreed to by G8 countries:- The Global Plan to Stop TB,- Universal Access on HIV/AIDS by 2010,- Scaling up for impact for malaria interventions,- A fully funded Global Fund at a $6-8 billion annual level

We welcome the fact that new and critical items are being brought to the agenda this year.

MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTHWe can save more than 6 million lives of mothers, newborns, and children. We can ensure universalcoverage of basic services needed for achieving MDGs on maternal and child mortality by 2015 for acost of $10.2 billion annually.

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WATER & SANITATIONWe welcome the G8 agenda item on water and sanitation as it is critical to achieving the otherMDGs and is extremely cost-effective intervention—$1 gets a $9 return. The G8 should commit toestablishing a global plan of action based on facilitating and coordinating national plans. Thisshould include establishing a high-level task force, reporting annually, and a commitment that nocredible national plan should fail for lack of finance.

HEALTH SYSTEMSStrong health systems are key to reach all of these targets. This is why they need additional fundingcommitments-and money committed for other targets should not replace that.

We call on the G8 to reassert their commitment at the Gleneagles summit to promote free access toprimary healthcare and mention specifically their will to support the removal of user fees inparticular for the most vulnerable people such as pregnant women and children.

We also demand that training, deployment and retention of qualified health workers is prioritizedand funded. We need at least 4.5 million more health workers, at least a million in Africa. Vagueconversations about health systems that do not have any targets or funding levels are insufficient.

ANTI CORRUPTIONWe urge the G8 to urgently address the continuous exacerbation of poverty - due to persistentsocial, environmental and human rights violations - by stopping illicit financial flows, particularlyby: actively joining the EITI, denying safe haven to illicit assets, pro-actively cooperate in AssetRecovery, and provide ODA to improve policies and technical capacities.

GENDERWe urge the G8 to recognize that the achievement of all MDGs particularly goal 1 and 7 depends onwomen’s access to land, work, social security and public services. We urge the G8 to ensure thatthese remain at the center of AID and public policy.

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13:30-15:30, 24th April, 2008

Workshop II : Peace and Human Rights

Better Process for G8 and the Roleof Civil Society

Facilitator: Hideaki Uemura, Shimin Gaiko Centre, JapanSpeakers: Kiyotaka Takahashi, JVC, Japan

Fadi Fayez Abi-Allam, Permanent Peace Movement, LebanonKiyokazu Koshida, Hokkaido People’s Forum on G8 Summit, Japan

Hideaki UemuraWhen furthering the discussions on the G8, we have to further question and evaluate the role of theG8.

Fadi FayezPeaceful solutions and social integration has very strong link.It is not enough to say that violence is not necessary, we have to give an alternative such as trainingfor the peaceful means. For example, we need to train people on small arms control. The problem isnot that there’s a conflict, the problem is whether there’s a violence or not. The article 9 of theJapanese conference is not just for Japan but for the humanity and should be spread. We need to

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discuss variety of issues in the G8.

Hideaki UemuraThe United States clearly states the rights to hold guns. When the United States was first founded, itwas needed to rule over the native Indians but there are people who are still afraid. We need topursue the real responsibility but people are too afraid to do so.

Kiyokazu Koshida‘Civil G8 Weeks’ signifies there is a unlimited possibility.G8 is not democratic, it clearly states that its top-down decision making.G8 countries have economic and military power. At the base of the article 9 of the JapaneseConstitution, it states that nation does not make peace. Human security is only possible with thepeople being the decision makers.G8 countries are once the colonizing countries. Should take the responsibility of being a colonizer.About Hokkaido, there are 18 billion yen budget for 3 days of the G8 conference. 20,000 policeofficers are gathered from all over Japan in order to provide security in Toyako. As tax payers, thisissue should be questioned.

Minnie DegawanG8 countries are trouble makers who doesn’t know how to solve their own problems.

Fadi FayezWe should be aware of what’s going on.

Anil ShinG8 is an unofficial event. It is most likely that demonstrations will not be approved in Japan. Thecivil society should be able to set our own agenda.

From the floor• There are many Christian countries. It is an irony that the countries with nuclear power are

having a conference against the nuclear build up.• Expressing their will in the non-violent means exist.• Environment was not originally an agenda but has been changed since the NGO started raising

their voice. This should be promoted.• About China• During the 90s, the civil society and middle sized countries have made efforts that led to the

ratification of treaties to abolish land mines. It was ok just to blame everything on Bush beforebut Japan should think of the world after Bush.

• There is nothing meaningful about the G8 summit. The least we can do is to remind people againof the importance of the article 9 of the Japanese Constitution and assuring that it will not berevised would be the desired outcome.

• There are many people who are thinking ‘what is G8?’ In terms of participations of the children,G8 countries are taking away the freedom of the children.

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• G8 is going to happen whether we like it or not so let’s try to work together to get some concreteachievements.

• Mass media is not precarious. Media should report the actual meaning of having a G8.• G8 should recognize that it is going to be held on the land of Ainus’.• We should question the legitimacy and accountability of the G8. The civil participation is

important.• We should utilize the article 9. The violence just produces the vicious cycle of violence. We

should spread the spirit of the article 9 to the world.

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16:00 - 18:00, 24th April, 2008

Roundtable Discussion with the G8Sherpas

Co-Facilitators: Masaharu Kohno, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Japan(Environment) Mika Ohbayashi, Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies

(ISEP) / 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum(Development) Sumie Ishii, JOICFP / 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forum

SHERPA: Masaharu Kohno (Japan, facilitator)Bernd Pfaffenbach (Germany)Giampiero Massolo (Italy)Leonard Edwards (Canada)Daniel Price (USA)Jon Cunliffe (UK)Igor Shuvalov (Russia)Joao Vale de Almeida (EC)

Introductory Remark: Masaharu KohnoSession 1: Environment and Climate ChangeSession 2: Development and Africa

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Mika OhbayashiLadies and Gentleman, 2008 G8 summit, Civil G8 Dialogue is to be started now. I would like toserve one of the MCs, from Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, the leader of environment unit,my name is Ohbayashi. 4 o’clock sharp, sherpas will arrive from that door, so in order to take twohours sufficiently with sherpas, so, once they are seated, I would like to start session immediately.Regarding how to proceed with today’s session, from sherpa side, Japanese sherpa, Mr. MasaharuKohno, deputy minister will be the facilitator. And I am from NGO side, Ohbayashi from ISEP willbe the facilitator as well as Ishii. First, sherpa, Kohno will speak for about 10 minutes in thebeginning about issues which we would like to have discussion in the session. First is environment,second is Africa and development. And we take 40 minutes each, including discussion time. Andafter that, from round-table, participants will take comments from round-table and also we willtake questions from the floor to direct dialogue with sherpas. Before sharpas come in, we would liketo ask you to introduce yourself.

Sumie IshiiI am the Poverty and Development Unit leader of the G8 NGO forum. I will serve as a facilitator ofthe Development and Africa session.

Juergen MaierI am from German NGO forum environment and development.

Yurika AyukawaI’m Yurika Ayukawa, Vice Chair of the G8 NGO Forum.

Phill ClapI am Phill Clap from Pew Environment Trust which is NGO operating program in US, EU, Canadaand Australia.

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Huzi MsheliaHuzi Mshelia from Clean Energy and Safe Environment in Nigeria.

Jeffrey Alan McNeelyJeffrey Alan McNeely. I am a chief scientist in IUCN based in Switzerland.

Sergey TsyplenkovSergey Tsyplenkov as a president of COF Russia as well as Greenpeace Russia

Herminia Minnie Malabo DegawanHerminia Degawan from Philippine, Indigenous People Networks for Change.

Morrow Gains Campbell IIIGains Campbell, from Vitae Civilis, San Paulo in Brazil.

Anna Felicity RoseAnna Rose from Australian Youth Climate Coalition and Global Youth Climate Network representsyoung people all around the world could be affected by climate change

Stephanie TunmoreStephanie Tunmore from Greenpease International.

Dorothy ShawDorothy Shaw, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. I am president. We havea hundred thirty member society throughout the world. Health and Gender are our concerns.

Jill SheffieldJill Shefield, Family Care International.

Masaki InabaMy name is Masaki Inaba from Africa Japan Forum.

Irungu HoughtonIrungu Houghton, Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP).

Chandra Kirana PrijosusiloGood afternoon. I am Chandra Kirana Prijosusilo. I am from Indonesia. I work in Revenue WatchInstitute and also we represent publisher you-pay coalition in Indonesia.

Winstone ZuluWinstone Zulu. I am from Zambia with STOP TB Partnership

Gustave AssahGood Afternoon. Gustave Assah from Benin. Civic Commotion for Africa with TICAD IV.

Farida AkhterI am Farida Akhter from Bangladesh. I am executive director of the Policy Research UBINIG andalso link with sustainable agriculture movement.

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Jennifer ChiwelaGood Afternoon. I am Jennifer Chiwela from Zambia. I am a board chair of Africa NetworkCampaign on Education for All. But I am also representing Global Campaign on Education.

Mika OhbayashiThank you very much and now Sherpas have arrived. As soon as they are seated, we would like tostart the session. You have a list of participators to be handed in the name of people around thetable there. Please check and confirm name and affiliation around the table. For the round-tableparticipators, regarding the procedure of the round-table and at the reception table you havereceived program for the round-table. In the discussion, please refer to procedure document andprogram of this discussion.

Now, we would like to start Civil G8 Dialogue towards Hokkaido Toyako Summit. I would likeintroduce myself again. I would like to serve one of facilitators today. I am Mika Ohbayashi, DeputyDirector of Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies and leader of environment unit of this NGOForum.

Sumie IshiiSumie Ishii from JOICFP. I’m the leader of the Poverty and Development Unit, the NGO Forum.

Mika OhbayashiSherpa, Mr Kohno, could you start?

Introductory Remark: Masaharu KohnoThank you very much for introduction. Good Afternoon. My name is Kohno and I am Japanesesherpa for G8. Today, we have two hours to have a dialogue with you NGO people and we werelooking forward to this opportunity to speak with you representatives of NGO. We would like to

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hear from you about your idea and issues and we would like to discuss them. G8 Summit inToyako, we are making preparation to establish agenda for Toyako Summit. We would like toreflect your points in there.

More than ever before, we have a lot of global issues seems for agenda, one is climate change, MDGsincludes education, health. Water is another important issue. How to respond these issues is veryimportant challenge for us. At the end of May, TICAD IV will be held. Especially for Africa, whatkind of responses will be needed is very important.

Before that meeting, at the end of April and more recently, media has forced upon the soring priceof food. Food price is increasing and important and serious issue, and sherpas need to discuss thisin preparation for Toyako Summit as well.

Whichever the program, civil society, actually I am part of civil society once I go home. And alsohow to cooperate with civil society and private sector is critical, so that we have the involvement ofall stakeholders. Everybody should be involved in this. That is target of the process.

We have agenda. As I attend to today’s discussion, we would like to proceed, based upon what welearn from this process. Time is quit limited. So I would like to serve together with Ms Ohbayashibut I would like to introduce G8 sherpas, my colleagues.

Next to me, Mr. Bernd Pfaffenbach, the State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Economics andTechnology, Germany. And Giampiero Massolo, an ambassador and the Prime Minister’s office ofItaly. He is new because there was political tumble in Italy. So he joined us first time, and he is theSecretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Italy. Leonard Edwards, Deputy Minister ofForeign Affairs. He is also new member to sherpa. Daniel Price, Dan. He is an assistant to Presidentof Bush, and very important position. And Jon Cunliffe, he is an advisor to Prime Minister GordonBrown. And Igor Shuvalov, the Aide to President. Now we are going to have new president, but thesherpa stay the same. And Joao Vale de Almeida, Head of Cabinet of President EuropeanCommission of European Union which is very important position. Before this event, he joined thedialogue between Prime Minister Fukuda and EU leader. And now he is in Kyoto. One person ismissing from France. Jean-David Levitte, the advisor to President Sarkozy. But he could not make itbut will join us early tomorrow. So this is introduction of sherpa. Thank you.

Session 1: Environment and Climate Change

Mika OhbayashiThank you very much. Representatives of civil society from more than 20 countries areparticipating in this Civil G8 Dialogue. And round-table included sherpa, there are 29 personsaround the table seated here. And we are ready to exchange views. And starting with environment,we would like to start first part. From Pew Environment Trust, Mr. Phill Clapp, could you start?

Phill ClappConcerned that this G8 appears to be a step backward from the two previous G8 meetings. Thenthere were serious discussions, with regards to continuing the Kyoto Protocol and implementing

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serious efficiency measures.

Now appears to be no serious discussion beyond an aspirational goal of 50% by 2050. This is bothinadequate and likely won’t be effective.

Furthermore, there is no discussion of mid-term binding targets before 2020. Appropriate midtermtargets would force global emissions to peak and decline by roughly 2020, requiring aggressiveaction from people present. 25-40% reduction.

This summit appears to be interested in discussing Africa. Global warming must be included in this:at a 4 deg C increase, water shortage will affect 4.4 billion. 25-60% increase of people at risk ofhunger, 45 million additional people living on less than 2 dollars a day in Sub-Saharan Africa.Discussion of development in Africa is not complete without including climate change.

Finally, there is no serious discussion of financial assistance for technological transfer, foradaptation (more accurately labeled disaster prevention and life saving), Biodiversity has also beenincluded in the agenda, but this too must be linked to climate change.

Without serious leadership among the developed countries represented here, there will be nosuccess in Copenhagen in 2009.

Huzi MsheliaThe impacts of climate change are global, but people from developing countries, particularly Africa,are the most at risk. The possible outcomes are not just alarming, but scary.

Impact of climate change range from drought, desertification, and the spread of environmentalrefugees.

Adaptation is necessary, but very costly. In Bali, 150 million US dollars were pledged for anadaptation fund. By the Stern report, billions of dollars are required to adequately addressadaptation. Therefore developing countries of Africa requests the following:

In any office initiative, the G8 must support adaptation. The World bank has created a carboninvestment fund including an objective of adaptation. Any G8 initiative should seek to complementadaptation under the UNFCCC, and any programs must have a structure in agreement with thestructure of the Bali adaptation fund.

Any G8 office adaptation initiative should be linked it to the G8 African programs. These initiativesmust be separate from the ODA. The issue is really disaster prevention.

Juergen MaierWhen governments talk about climate policy, it is generally perceived as sharing a burden. It’sbetter to think of it as sharing opportunity for new markets, especially for oil importing countries.

Investments into these new sectors, especially efficiency and renewable energy have the potential tocreate many jobs; In Germany, 1/4 million jobs created from new renewable energy markets overthe past few years.

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Companies from a few countries dominate the markets of renewable energy. Remarkably, thesecountries include developing nations like India and China. Many industrialized nations are onlyimporting renewable technologies.What is seen is a growing discrepancy between countries that willdominate these new markets, and the countries and the countries that are not developing capacity.

The prerequisite for developing a renewable sector is to break up electricity monopolies, and to stoplistening to the monopolies of the past.

Developing renewable energy should be viewed not as a burden, an opportunity.

Yurika AyukawaAs a host country, we have to fulfill responsibilities. So Japan should fulfill its responsibility. Japan isthe host country and presidency of G8 summit. And to reach an agreement and to negotiate forclimate change, we are focusing on coordinator but with G8 presidency as a host and leader,Japanese government should initiate leadership indeed. As a proposal, sector level approach isproposed by Japan but there are much confusion, misunderstanding and controversy.

Common but individualized responsibility is not fulfilled and action plan is not on/in the bases. Or,emission country is a terminology used but advanced or developing countries, there are much gapsand good dispensation has not been made.

In Gleneagles, this is criticized and in Bangkok negotiation, it was also criticized. But Japanesegovernment said this is a just misunderstanding, however official people and submissions said it soand state so. In order to eradicate this misunderstanding and Japanese proposal to be respected, asJapan a mid-term target should be decided by Japan as IPCC promoted 25-40% before 2020. Thatemission target should be highlighted and developing countries exercise action to adapt. And Japanalso should provide a funding and also technical transfer to those countries.

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Right now hearing Japanese officials’ voices, technical transfer assistance based on industrial basesand payment those funding for adaptation, bilateral funding is just proposed but we have topromise to really fulfill agreement.

Mika OhbayashiThank you for comments on climate change. From the civil society, the presentation has finished.So I will give a microphone to Mr. Kohno.

Masaharu KohnoThank you very much for prescience opinions. There is variety of opinions, important opinions.Mid-term and long-term target is to be specified and how to achieve those specified. And fromAfrica, Adaptation issue is indeed crucial issue and urgent issue. And also energy discussion and Ms.Ayukawa highlighted responsibility of Japan. Lately I would like to touch upon it. There are varietyof issues already made. So I would like sherpas to make some comments.

Bernd PfaffenbachThank you for your participating.

Totally convinced that Masaharu and the Japanese presidency are doing a good job of taking up andcontinuing the job of discussing climate change.

In Heiligendamn, there was a pledge to meet the 50% by 2050 reduction plan, and now we areworking on a concrete plan to meet this goal. Prior to this point, the most successful effort has beenthe Kyoto Protocol, which suffered heavily from a number of members that were reluctant toparticipate.

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The problem is how all economies can participate in the new Post-Kyoto agenda. The major aim isto have a feasible plan by the upcoming summit in Copenhagen.

With regards to the relevance of development, it is absolutely necessary to include climate change inthe discussion.

Climate change response is not just a challenge, but an opportunity. Big world markets are waitingfor us.

Lastly, we are not moving backwards here. All of us share a common vision and ambition within theG8 group, and it is in line with the ambitions and visions of those present.

Giampiero MassoloFrom Italy’s point of view, they will not lag behind the rest of the G8, and they won’t lag behind inin Toyako.

The magnitude of international problems like climate change, raising food prices, internationalfinancial crises, is complicated and vast. This leads to the fact that the G8 tool only works with firmcommitment. All of the G8 countries are deeply committed to the process. It is also necessary tobroaden international cooperation, and involve many countries. Despite the difficulty there is noweakening in the commitment toward these joint endeavors. As future presidencies of G8, all arecommitted to the path of working with G8 toward their common goals.

The task is to build a global consensus on a global roadmap. The overarching strategy for climatechange is in place, but it must be adapted and built upon. It must involve the least developednations, and establish a fair link between environment and development.

Looking ahead to a global endeavor, a real link between environment, climate change anddevelopment must be made.The Toyako summit will be held under not just the strong leadership of the Japanese primeminister, but also under NGO scrutiny, and success relies on both.

Leonard EdwardsThank you. The great task for the international community over the next couple of years will be tocraft a new climate change regime. All G8 nations are committed to working with the climatechange to that end. There are a number of things that mentioned here that NGOs will be part of.

All countries must act together to address climate change; all major emitters must take on reductioncommitments. Of course, the targets for countries will vary, with circumstance.

Transition technology is required to reduce energy demand and increase supply.In the long term, these technologies will be required widely, particularly in developing countriesand emerging economic powers.

Adaptation is also necessary. Adaptation measures are vital to a future climate change agreement,and necessary to ensure the future and safety of billions of people, particularly in the developingworld.

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Canada is hoping that the G8 will adopt measures to enhance sustainable forest management.

Canada is collectively committed to cooperation with the G8 and promoting a sound climatechange policy that supports.

Igor ShuvalovThank you.

The current discussions are not a step backwards. What is aimed for this year is something that iscomprehensive and achievable, that addresses all major emitters, including the G8.

It’s very necessary that all major emitters are within the same framework. If not, then it will just bethe G8 showing off something that is beautiful but will never work. This year, an achievable planmust be made.

It’s important to remember that in many people don’t have access to energy. This of course means arise in energy, which means a rise in emissions. Climate change discussion must include this as aconsideration.

Essentially, any action must be taken responsibly.

Joao Vale de AlmeidaIt’s important to benefit from the results of NGO’s work

In today’s modern democracies, public opinion and civil society are very important in shapingpolicy. G8 has shown recently how attached and open it is to civil society input.

I politely disagree with Mr. Clapp’s assessment that this Toyako summit is a step backward.Absolutely certain that the Toyako summit will be a step forward. One of the reasons is the pressurefrom the public opinion. Looking particularly at the EU, the public will not allow politicians to goback on their many promises made regards.

That being the case, the circumstances are very complicated. it requires delicate and sensitivepolitical solutions. Actions have immense ramifications.

It’s not just enough for the G8 to set the leadership. We believe that the G8 provide the leadership.There is no leadership if we have no one behind. If the emerging economies don’t follow the G8,there is no solution to climate change. The solutions must be found in the post-Bali process.

We must focus all of the energy to create a sense of urgency: that a solution needs to be found withby the end of 2009.

Mika OhbayashiThank you very much. Climate change session will be until fifty past four. So we only have 10minutes left. But we would like to once again discuss this issue and would like ask Phill to start.

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Phill ClappWe have heard many comments given pledging deep commitments to moving forward. Despitethis, G8 emissions continue to rise. US emissions continue to rise. It is this failure that leads us tolook for solid, binding commitments.

Are there concrete measures to limit G8 emissions, beyond a long-term target?

Sergey TsyplenkovOne is to the Russian Sherpa: you mentioned that more energy means more emissions. Does thatmean that you don’t believe in green, alternative energy?

To the German Sherpa: you mentioned that you have a common vision with other G8 countries.Does that mean that everybody agrees with German nuclear policy?How do you resolve the apparent tension between the fact that Germany doesn’t allow nuclearplants in their own country, but allows German companies to construct nuclear power plantsoutside of Germany?

Jon CunliffeThe civil society’s voice makes a huge difference.

Without making development climate resilient, the MDGs won’t be met. In the question onadaptation, there hasn’t been the focus that we’ve seen from mitigation. Further work is going onwith the World Bank, but it’s time to bring adaptation more into the public spotlight.

Adaptation finance: As adaptation is furthered, it must be mainstreamed into development work,and ensure that development plans are climate resilient. One mustn’t do adaptation and then tack iton at the end, it must be an integral part of action.

The summit is an opportunity to develop the previously undeveloped adaptation component.

Igor ShuvalovThere is a mathematical proof available demonstrating that all energy leads to emissions.Efficiency and energy savings can be talked about, but energy always leads to emissions.

Bernd PfaffenbachThe German position on nuclear is rather well-known. This doesn’t mean that it’s impossible tofollow long-term targets and medium term targets. What is most important is that further steps canbe taken to advance global action.

Export industries are legally able to export nuclear technology. All that can be said is that they areunhappy with the German government, as no export credit or insurance is given.

Even thought the G8 are good partners working toward a better world, the competitive globalcompanies are also valuable, to help the world through competition.

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Masaharu KohnoMs Ayukawa asked me question, so I would like to response here. Coordinator and also leadershipshould be fulfilled by the Japanese leader. This is indeed challenging. You have to coordinate thoseissues, you have to do coordinate. Japan can not do alone, we have to work together. We can notresolve all the questions or our problems by Japan only. All the emitters collaborate each other. Wehave to coordinate but we have to also fulfill leadership otherwise we can not realize everything.

Sectoral Approach is also mentioned. Sectoral bottom-up approach is indeed important. That wasstated in Davos in January this year. At that time, Prime Minister Fukuda, first mentioned that. Andthis sectral bottom-up approach, how effective is, it is discussed together with member. That iscurrent situation. Prime Minister Fukuda, talked about country’s mid-term target be stated. And wehave a concrete target but if we should be responsible, we are really responsible. The realizable andchallenging target should be set. We have to have clear calculation and scientific analysis. So rightnow I can not specify anything but we are approaching that direction. What is the total emission cutinitiative? That is now studied.

As mentioned, I would like to just generally response those. We are discussing over ten policies butwe need to classify them. For instance, G8 can perform some implementation of the other policies.Those are things G8 can do alone but there are others we need cooperation from outsiders of G8framework. So we need to classify what G8 can do alone and can not do alone. The United NationsFCC consensus is last target. In order to achieve that goal, President Bush takes leadership andinitiative for MEM, MEM process, and we can make positive contribution to this MEM processdiscussed among G8 countries. This is a complex structure where we are discussing this.

Mika OhbayashiThank you. We want to discuss more from Brazil what remarked. But we can not take up this issue

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here. Ms Ishii, please could you proceed?

Session 2: Development and Africa

Sumie IshiiThank you. Second part, Development and Africa, is to start. Three NGO representatives speak firstfor three minutes each.

Irungu HoughtonThank you.

The analogy of sherpa’s climbing up the mountain is difficult to avoid.Like you, the NGO’s carry the burden of other constituencies, like the “G190” sitting behind me.

I appreciate the reaffirmation of commitment. Regarding financing development, the figuresindicate otherwise. 2 weeks ago, African finance ministers met in Addis Ababa. The expressedproblems with the following two points:

Gleneagles promises to double aid to 50 billion dollars have not happened 6 out of 8 G8 countriesare slipping back below 2005 figures of aid.

Debt cancellation victory of 2005 has not been extended or deepened.

In light of the fact that this happens in the context of an average growth rate of 5.8%, malariacontrol, better eductation, etc., it is inexcusable.

Giving the lack of progress in doubling aid since 2005 and the UN 0.7 target, will G8 agree thatthese targets can’t be met by 2010? Or there will be a strategy and timetable of delivery forpreviously promised funds?

In 2000 the Okinawa Summit stands out for its held decision to establish the Global Fund for AIDS,TB and Malaria, but the draft TICAD doesn’t refer to global commitments to HIV/AIDS, universalaccess to medicines, to MDGs, and the education fast-track initiative. Could you explain why thefinal version of the declaration doesn’t include these obligations as a starting point for the TICADdeclaration.

Recovery of stolen assets. One of the big issues by several African governments (particularlyNigeria). Estimated at 2 trillion dollars of stolen African assets sits in G8 countries. This couldpossibly be a valuable source of revenue for African countries.

Furthermore, a number of African countries receive much less than rich countries for the sale oftheir natural resources. For example, the Zambian government sells its copper for around 2% of themarket price.

Despite this, there are firms in G8 countries with the audacity to sue the Zambia government for

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more profit share.

We welcome the G8 endorsement of extracting industries transparency. Can you go further thisyear by actively joining the EITI, proactively cooperate in asset recovery, and deny safe haven andthe return of stolen assets.

Do the G8 Sherpas support the call of African governments to increase Africa’s power to vote inmultilateral institutions?

If the credibility of the G8 lies more in the delivery of decisions than the grandness of promises,could the G8 consider establishing a permanent and public mechanism that monitors the success ofprograms?

Farida AkhterG8 summit is crucial, it is expected that something will occur that will help to mitigate rising foodprices, which could lead directly to the suffering of 1 billion people. If you look at the manywarnings regarding biofuel, it points to the fact that biofuel take away land and water from foodproduction in ordere to produce ethanol and biofuel for cars.

Can we expect a moratorium on biofuel production from this summit?

Often from the developed countries, we are told that biotechnologies will solve the problem, but itactually poses significat threat to the farmers in the developing nations.

We ask that you support small farmers in Europe, America, and developing nations. Sustainableagriculture is needed everywhere.

MDG’s 1 and 7 depend on woman’s access to work, land, social security and public services.

We want the G8 countries to ensure that this remains at the center of ODA and public policies. Weask you to support small farmers without recommending GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms),and that you preserve women’s necessary rights.

Masaki InabaThank you for giving me this chance to speak up this afternoon. I would like to talk abouteducation and health. Start with education. 70 million people can not go to school and that iscurrent situation. 2.5million shortage of teachers globally. Initiative for education for all, we do nothave enough funds, especially funds is slow to come from G8 countries for education for all. Onequestion for you about education for all. Whatever commitment is there among governments, thenshould not excuse because of lack of fund. Do you fully commit to the education for all project withsufficient money?

Next is health. About people on health, I believe you can find the last part of package of documentsand perhaps you could look at the document. Global health is the most important one and fordevelopment and poverty. And in the G8, very important is support for health and MDGs. Sohealth related poverty should be adopted as must item to talk about among the G8.

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And health progress should be monitored every year. We need mechanism to have report on annualbase progress with existing commitment of G8 countries. HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria, we are in thestage of the further effort. And G8 may abandon this infectious disease and not fulfill commitment.At the 2007 G8 summit, those commitment 60 billion dollars and we would like you new additionalcommitment of funding and which countries and what time table each countries will provide thesefund? And we would like to ask the plan for this 60 billion fund. This money should expensesduring next two to three year. And also it should be used for achieving the global plan to stop TBand devote into stop AIDS by 2010, scale up impact on Malaria intervention and fully funded globalfund at 68 billion and a lot of annual revenue. These are targets for G8.

Next I would like to talk about new commitment. We are into welcomed new and critical timeitems to be brought to the agenda this year. First we would like to address MDGs four and five. Wecan save more than 6 million lives of mothers and new borns and children with 10.2 billionannually before 2015. Millennium Development Goals for babies and mother, we can provide basicservices for everybody.

Water and sanitation is the agenda item this year. We welcome that and indeed it is an essentialpoint. Country specific target should be prepared and that is why worldwide planning should bespecified. So this should include sufficient high-level working task force and reporting annually andcommitment. Now credible national plan should pay lack of funds.

Strong health system is a key to achieve the target. Funding is necessary. And for that funding, wecan not scarify other fund for other fund. G8 should promote a free access to primary health care.That should be mentioned. Training and hiring high-level health workers also should be provided.Because of the lack of funding, we can not finalize those activities.

So fundamental questions, 60 billion commitment which was made last year on HIV/AIDS, TB andMalaria but what is specifics, who and when, and which time line and how?

Will G8 make fine commitment to ensure 10.2 billion is available each year for maternal and childhealth?

And is there plan to achieve water and sanitation MDGs?

Sumie IshiThere are two major questions. Mr Kohno please.

Masaharu KohnoThank you for questions. Variety of questions were made from different perspectives. I want to or Iwhether ask to response all the question but rather difficult. But tomorrow we would like all thoseitems, and those intimately very essential agenda and issues are important issues. Dan and Jon, howmuch degree can you response to those question? And I would like give supplemental comment.

Daniel PriceAgree with the fact that it is not a question of the grandness of promises, but of fulfillingcommitments. All believe that accountability for what is promised is essential. All are committed to

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demonstrating the necessary accountability, and showing the steps taken to fufil the pledges onHIV/AIDS, Malaria, Polio, TB and others. To show what has been done and what we will do.

In addtion to things that have already been done or pledged, other health related issues will betackled, how to increase the number of health care workers.

Considering how to address neglected tropical diseases, for example, hookworm, which accountsfor 25% of primary school absence in sub Saharan Africa. This must be reversed.

With regards to food: it’s not just emergency aid (which all are committed to providing) but amatter of structural change. How to improve supply chains, how to increase productivity, how toincrease access to water-these are the questions.

With regards to whether you can improve agricultural productivity without biotechnology, theanswer is no. No serious effort to boost productivity or reform agriculture can ignore the benefits ofbiotechnology.

G8 now incorporates country based strategies. It has shifted to a system of working with thedeveloping worlds as partners. As parters ddefine needs and strategies. It’s amatter of policy andreform. It’s not just a matter of assistance, but of policy reform; corruption, accountability, etc. Itmust be accounted for.

Additionally, the G8 is focusing on open markets and liberalized trade and investment regimes.Closed markets mean higher costs, while open markets, lower costs.

With regards to the link between development and climate: Developed countries must providefinancial and technology assistance to help developing countries to take a lower carbon path toeconomic growth than was available to many G8 countries when they were industrializing.

Jon CunliffeHalf of the time has elapsed until the 2015 MDG goal deadline. Despite progress, we are way behindschedule; at current rates, it’ll take 100 years to reach the goals. This summit presents a veryimportant opportunity to recalibrate action so that it matches the timeline.

Health: Health workers and systems are the key to several goals. The WHO recommended ratio of2.3 health workers per 1000 population would be a target.

Education: there are G8 commitments about education, and about ensuring that countries with theproper policies.

Water and Sanitation: We have the Evian plan from the Evian summit. This plan needs to berevised, to make sure the MDG is met.

Meeting commitments, and the Gleneagles Aid commitment: It is true that the figures of aid aregoing backwards. The progress seemed to be made from 2005 onward was a temporary spike in debtrelief. An unprecedented effort must be made, in order to meet the doubled aid to Africa by 2010.We won’t see G8 countries renege on this commitment-it is more likely to see renewedcommitment.

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Finally, in order and in part to release the food supply and potential, have to meet the aid for tradeto open up the agricultural markets.

Masaharu KohnoThanks. Before giving the microphone back to Mika, just one thing. This is destiny of chairperson.This is specific question to chairperson and I need to response to question directed to me aschairperson. On TICAD as I mentioned, which will have the Yokohama Declaration this year, youpointed out that some international targets like HIV/AIDS are not referred in this declaration. Iwould like to check on this detail but there are several important pillars. One is the humanempowerment. That is human security, or how to enhance the power of each individual and village-base and bottom-up human empowerment. That is one of pillars.

For instance children coming back from the warfare, not jobs for adults and women without jobs. Iwould like to focus on these people who come back from the warfare and how to protect humansecurity. That is an approach we are adapting with the spirit of TICAD.The method forimplementation, for instance, this is not just limited to single disease but comprehensive analysisand approach is needed to focus on single disease.

Representative from Bangladesh talked about sustainable agriculture growth. Improvement ofagriculture productivity is very important to Africa on the mid-term and long-term development.We would like to continue discuss this and so one of important pillars in TICAD.

Sustainable development of Africa is a key here. Nobody mentioned but what we can do to furtherimprove infrastructure in Africa and promotion of trade and investment in Africa. How to promotetrade and investment in Africa, this is G8 common issue.

Dan, Jon and also people here talked about water, education and health. Those are important one ofMDGs. MDGs, as you know, is pledge of entire international community, so in that is to achievethis how G8 can make a contribute to this attainment of these goals. As I established early, in orderto achieve this, we need to focus upon health workers and also in arena of education we need todevelop teaches for teachers, teaching teachers. 70 million children can not go to school. So teachingteachers is one of solutions for those children to be able to go to school.

Those are numerical targets. Cost-effective methods should be taken rather than stick into numbers.In order eventually to achieve those numerical targets, comprehensive approach is required.

I may sound repetitive, but I am not responding all the questions. But you raised various itemswhich we continually discuss and going to discuss to the future. Mr. Inaba talked about monitoringmechanism is important for health. Starting January, G8 started up experts meeting of health andwe have discussion about this kind of gathering of health experts under the framework of G8.

Direct support in Africa is important. EITI should be put forward and discussed just this morning.So that is a current situation of the process. Thank you very much.

Sumie IshiiTime is limited. So I said I could give you two minutes but that is not possible. Please state yourremark within one minute. I would like to ask six speakers. Chandra, please limit your remark

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within one minute. One minute please.

Chandra KiranaMany developing countries see oil, gas, and mining as the only way for poverty alleviation andeconomic development. However, this is often accompanied with poor social, environmental andhuman rights records. This hurts the indigenous peoples, the poor, and especially women andchildren.

If this continues, developing countries will not be able to meet the MDGs, especially in reducingHIV/AIDS, Maternal Mortality and Child Mortality, and access to clean water.

I ask that you stress the importance of G8 countries helping, through ODA, developing countries toimprove polices regarding social, human rights and environmental standards, especially in theextractive industries.

Gustave AssahAs you may be aware, the Japanese Government will bring the outcomes of TICAD meeting to theG8 summmit in Toyako.

2008 is a very rare opportunity for Japan to lead these efforts.

As Mr. Irungu has mentioned, Africa’s and Japanese civil society were shocked to see that MDGscommitment and civic participation were not mentioned in the draft of Yokohama Declaration andalso international targets on infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria were not addressedspecifically on the draft of the Yokohama Action Plan.

If TICAD will influence the discussion at G8, we strongly ask to reflect the necessary goals in theTICAD outcome document.

Jennifer ChiwelaTaking into account the points that Irungu mentioned, it is important to stress that educationdevelops the ability of communities to develop a nation.

Sadly I am not hearing much about Education for All goals, as these goals have taken a back seat toMDGs. Education is the bedrock of the MDGs- most of the environmental and poverty problemswould be better tackled by a better educated society.

16 billion dollars annually up to 2015 is needed to achieve these necessary educational goals.

Jill SheffieldThank you for the effort that has been made toward promoting the issues on MDG 4 and 5.

To save the lives of the 6 million each year from mostly preventable causes, we know what to do,how to do it and what it takes to do it. There are multiple benefits from an investment in MDGs 4and 5. A strong response in maternal and child health including water and sanitation will help

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mitigate the food crisis.

When you make the investment, there will be a threefold return on the investment.

Governments represent the views on those constituencies, and your constituencies, and yourconstituencies want these goals to be met.

Winstone Zulu(Brings out his anti-retrovirals and sets them on the table)

Without the commitment made at the G8 summit in Okinawa, I would not be allowed to sit herenow. When these commitments are not delivered, the drugs will run out, and people will die.

The US is already spending a lot of money on TB, around 4 billion dollar for 5 years. Why is it thatthe US, with its leading role in funding, and its leadership position, ask the G8 members to commitmore to global health?

Sumie IshiiThank you very much and Dorothy, you are the last one, please.

Dorothy ShawWith regards to gender, 70% of the world’s poor are women, and women are the majority of youngpeople who are HIV positive.

Advancement of women is an important economic, business and social issue. Trafficking of womenand girls is but one illustration of gender violence. It is rapidly surpassing drug smuggling as thefastest growing illegal enterprises.

Will the G8 commit to the advancement of women in all of its policies?

Will the UN Sherpas work to apply the UN representation goal of 30% of all of the G8 sherpas?

Sumie IshiiThank you very much. Due to lack of good management, we have to close the discussion. We hopewe will have another opportunity to further discuss these issues.

Mika OhbayashiThank you Ishii-san. As we have represantations of indigenes people and young people here, Iwould like to give them one minute each for comments.

Herminia Minnie Malabo DegawanHokkaido is the first G8 that will be taking place on indigenous homeland-that of the Ainu. Couldthe G8 members put into practice the principles of the declaration of indigenous rights by

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acknowledging the Ainu, and paying respect to their ancestral homeland?

Remember that indigenous peoples can and will contribute to solutions and mitigation schemesregarding climate change and development.

War is a main contributor to climate change, and we believe that the G8 countries can dosomething about limiting

The Sherpas have taken on the name of the indigenous Sherpa people. Bearing the standard of thename, we ask that you honor that commitment.

Anna RoseI am representing the youth climate movement.

The youth now will suffer the worse from climate change; llooking to the future. I’m terrified. ButI’m also lucky because we have the chance to make the necessary emissions reductions, and to moveaway now away from fossil fuels and nuclear power and into renewable energy and energyefficiency.

All of the countries must take this opportunity to make concrete, binding mid-term targets throughthe UN mechanisms.

Don’t use the G8 to undermine and sabotage the Kyoto process.

In conclusion, all the choices you make now are urgent. Young people have a right to a safe climatefuture, and I ask that you keep this in mind during your deliberations.

Mika OhbayashiThank you very much. We have already finished Environment and Development and Africasessions. We would like to open the floor for discussion, but before we open, I would like to invite acivil society leader from Italy to make one minute speech.

Luca de Fraia (Action Aid Italy)

We are wondering about the Italian government’s plans for the summit next year. While it is early,it’s good to start early. We would like some sort of comment indicating the direction of the summitin 2009, particularly a reference to the monitoring process of the G8 commitment.

Masaharu KohnoThank you very much. I would like to ask Dan. Do you want to say something to response?

Daniel PriceTo Mr. Winstone Zulu: You asked me how the US can leverage its huge commitment to HIV/AIDS,etc. to spur and stimulate broader discussion. Thank you very much for the question.

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To Dr. Shaw: There are many candidates in the US who could do a better job than me, and most ofthem are women.

Masaharu KohnoYou know, I had a chance to see African youth commissioners meeting. Half of them are ladies.Look at G8 sherpas group, all are dominated by man. This is a bit outdated. It is always up to eachgovernment decision. I don’t know. Anyway, any comment from my colleagues, do you want to saysomething?

Jon CunliffeAddressing the fact that nothing that has been said has reassured Anna. To be perfectly clear: Thepost Kyoto, or Copenhagen agreement, must be under the UNFCCC. It can only exist under theUN framework.

Lots of countries are affected by climate change that aren’t represented in the G8, +8, MEM, andmany of them aren’t major emitters. They need to be included in the discussion.

Nothing we’re doing should suggest that we’re trying to go another way. Even if we wanted do, wecould not; the only way to accomplish such a treaty is under the UN.

Masaharu KohnoTo Jill Sheffield: With regards to MDGs 4 and 5, it was the idea of the president to pick up numbers4, 5 and 6, but this gained immediate support from my colleagues. That was the collective spirit atthe time; time will tell how far we can go.

Mika OhbayashiOk. I will give microphone to the floors. Anybody who wants to make comment or question?

Peter RitchieWith regards to the need for more science from Japan: We have enough science to move forward toaction.

From the UK: pilot projects on adaptation. Advances have been made in terms of action. Pilotprograms aren’t necessary. We need to scale up real action.

Irfan Mufti (GCAP: Global Call to Action Against Poverty)

40 years ago, the US devoted 1% of its GDP in the Marshall plan.Right now the world is facing disaster on the same thing. Can we expect a Marshall type plan?

Funding for adaptation is also critical. This adaptation fund should be in addition to the 0.7% or1% required in Marshall plan type action.

Food security: Ensure that people grow their own food for the purposes of food security. There

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must be a protocol for securing local food, not biofuels.

(No introduction)A lot has been said reaffirming the role of trade and markets. Will the G8 pledge to ensure thatmultinational companies apply the same standards for the environment, wages, and workerseverywhere as they do within their own countries?

Giampiero MassoloAs a future presidency, we will build on achievements that will be had in Toyako. The civil dialoguewill be continued-This is a common endeavor. We will be based strongly in accountability becauseit is easy to pledge but hard to accomplish. Of course, we will build on an integrated approach onthe main topics.

These problems will be solved through addressing governments’ policy, not sectorial approaches.

Also, of course, we will be obliged to the meet the goals of the MDGs process.

Bernd PfaffenbachThe G8 must understand that we live in one world with one population. We must ensure that ourcompanies aren’t just making the highest profits, but are taking care of issues like CSR, and payingattention to the social impact of globalization.

Mie AsaokaI am representing Kiko Network, a Japanese NGO for climate change. Thank you very much fordiscussion. After hearing your discussion, I realized how many challenges we are facing globally.The most important thing is time is limited. Now is the very important moment. So with Japan’spresidency for G8 this year, Japan should make full use of this opportunity to fulfill theirresponsibility. Pledging is easy but accomplishment is more difficult. As I mentioned, Japan havebeen hesitating make pledges. So please make a step forward and then globally we can make futureprogress of pledges from Japan. G8 sherpas and G8 leaders, please encourage Japan so that Japancan make step forward and make some pledges.

Masaharu KohnoBefore wraping-up session, I would like to ask Dan or.... to say to response.

Dan PriceRegarding the process: Heard the variety of issues discussed by the representatives here. All of theseissues and more are being discussed among the sherpas, led well by the government of Japan.

The sherpas may approach these goals from different angels, and focus, but it is fair to say that weare united in purpose. That is to say, we share the goal of making a contribution to the issuesmentioned, and to carry the work forward. You may hear different points of emphasis, but rest-assured we are united in purpose and mission.

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WrapupMasaharu KohnoI would like to make comments on a couple of points. There are so many agendas and issues raised.We do not conquer with each other completely. So we have conflict of views on each point and weare discussing. But purpose is shared and we are united in purpose. That is a right way of describingthe current situation.

Secondly, today’s discussion has strongly intertwined each other and that is a major feature of thisyear’s G8 meeting. These issues are global around the world. Issues are related each other. So deeply,therefore, one single solution for single problem does not exit because issues are intertwined reallydeeply and closely. We are discussing these issues with the same perspectives, with those that youhave from NGO’s point of view. So discussion is quite nourishing. As a presidency country, Japanhave served presidency country before discussion among sherpa members here will be much moreencouraged with inputs that you expressed today.

Finally I would like to express my deep appreciation. As a representative of sherpas, I would like tothank all of you and Ms. Ohbayashi and facilitator. And those people who have come despite of jetrags and time rag differentiation. Thank you very much for coming to attend to this meeting today.

Sumie IshiiIn January 2008 at Davos, Prime Minister Fukuda made a speech that development and Africa willbe taken up as an agenda in Toyako Summit, and education, water and health will be major pointsof discussion. Participation by all will be very important for 21st century and we are representingcivil society. We welcome Prime Minister Fukuda’s speech. And in order to achieve MDGs, strongpolitical will is needed. Financial support is necessary, for instance, Monterrey Consensus, andreaching 0.7 %GNI will be demanded strongly. We, civil society, are not only making request to G8countries but we have commitment to continue work with society. Japan is country with highenergy efficiency especially among industrialized advanced countries, Japanese energy efficiency isquite high. I expect that huge energy toward G8 Summit by governments and civil society will beused the most efficiently, and Japanese leadership will be needed so that we can use energy in themost efficient and effective manner.

Mika OhbayashiAs I mentioned earlier and Mr. Kohno mentioned, every problem related with everything. That iswell understood. However among theses problem and issues, there are lacking and we forget aboutsome problems. As NGOs in advanced courtiers, we have a responsibility on what we have done andwhat we discussed today, and what is the impact on children of ours, and also impact on developingcountry and people over there.

We have to be aware of our responsibilities and heve to reach the global 50 % GHGs reduction by2050. That was a promise made in Heiligendamm, not every country agreed upon but pledge wasmade. And this year we have to have and to come up with more concrete policies and methodologyto achieve that target. For that, we need our midterm target, and this should be discussed this year.In one or two years, that will need to be agreed by major countries of the world. And if global 50%reduction is needed in 2050, for Japan, we need to have deeper reductions to fulfill theresponsibility. And we have to come up to very concrete target values, then we can makeresponsibility and accountability to developing countries.

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Here we have more than 200 participants of representatives from civil society. It is, indeed, greathonor and privileged to have this opportunity for us together with sherpas, but we are also hopingsuccess of Toyako summit July but it shoud mean that we could have very good outcomes fromNGO’s perspectives.

Thank you very much to all.

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Message from Mr. Masahiko Koumura,Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan

23rd April, 2008

Dear Participants,

I wish to express my heartfelt congratulation on the occasion of theopening of the “Civil G8 Dialogue”. I am aware that, ever since itwas established a little more than a year ago in 2007, the 2008 Japan G8 Summit NGO Forumhas been providing a base for NGOs working towards the success of the Hokkaido ToyakoSummit, playing an impressive role as a linchpin. I would like to take this opportunity toexpress my deep respect to all of you engaging in NGO activities.

As you are aware, Japan is hosting the Hokkaido Toyako Summit this year as the G8 Chair. Inthis Summit, World Economy, Environment and Climate Change, Development and Africaand Political Issues including Non-Proliferation will be discussed as major themes. As the G8Chair, Japan, along with other G8 partners, will need to live up to the expectations of theinternational society which is demanding for prescriptions to solve these issues.

In this regard, for the successful Summit, it is important to promote a “participatoryapproach for international cooperation”, i.e., not only strengthening the ties among thedeveloped countries but also sharing the ideas and approaches among the governments andthe NGOs and working towards the same goal by gathering what we all have to offer. As wehave just a little more than 2 months left before the G8 Summit, I sincerely hope that thediscussions among NGOs at this “Civil G8 Dialogue” will be further deepened. I also believethat a dialogue between NGO representatives and G8 Sherpas will be extremely meaningful,and hope for an active exchange of views on that occasion.

Masahiko Koumura

Participants List of Roundtable Discussion

1 Masaharu Kohno Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan

2 Bernd Pfaffenbach State Secretary Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology,Germany

3 Giampiero Massolo Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy

4 Leonard J. Edwards Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Department of Foreign Affairsand International Trade Canada

5 Daniel M. Price Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisorfor International Economic Affairs, United States of America

6 Jon Cunliffe Prime Minister’s Advisor International Economic Affairs andEurope Cabinet Office, United Kingdom

7 Igor Ivanovich Shuvalov Aid to the President of the Russian Federation Administration ofthe President of the Russian Federation

8 Joao Vale de Almeida Head of Cabinet of the President, European Commission

9 Anna Felicity Rose Australian Youth Climate Coalition

10 Chandra Kirana Prijosusilo Revenue Watch Institute, Indonesia

11 Dorothy Shaw FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics),Canada

12 Farida Akhter UBINIG (Policy Research for Development Alternatives),Bangladesh

13 Geoffrey Irungu Houghton Oxfam GB, Kenya

14 Gustave Assah Social Watch, Benin

15 Herminia Minnie Malabo Indigenous Peoples Network for Change (IPNC), PhilippinesDegawan

16 Huzi Mshelia Clean Energy and Environment Initiative, Nigeria

17 Jeffrey Alan McNeely IUCN

18 Jennifer Chiwela Africa Network Campaign on Education for All (ANCEFA),Zambia

19 Jill Shefield Family Care International, United States of America

20 Juergen Maier German NGO Forum for Development and Environment

21 Masaki Inaba Africa Japan Forum, Japan

22 Mika Ohbayashi Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, Japan

23 Morrow Gaines Campbell Vitae Civilis Institute for Development, Environment and Peace, III Brazil

24 Philip Clapp Pew Environment Group, United States of America

25 Sergey Tsyplenkov Civil G8 Russia

26 Stephanie Tunmore Greenpeace International

27 Sumie Ishii JOICFP, Japan

28 Winstone Zulu STOP TB Partnership, Zambia

29 Yurika Ayukawa WWF Japan

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