Civics Core 100, Civics Core 100, Goal 1Goal 1

Goal 1: The learner will investigate the Goal 1: The learner will investigate the foundations of the American political system foundations of the American political system

and explore basic values and principles of and explore basic values and principles of American democracy. American democracy.

THREE REGIONS OF THREE REGIONS OF COLONIESCOLONIES

NEW ENGLANDNEW ENGLAND MIDDLE MIDDLE SOUTHERNSOUTHERN

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

Religious Religious freedom soughtfreedom sought

Hilly, rocky soilHilly, rocky soil Shipbuilding and Shipbuilding and

tradetrade Puritans, Puritans,

pilgrimspilgrims

New England Colonies = Blue

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Bread basket coloniesBread basket colonies Farmers: wheat and Farmers: wheat and

other cash cropsother cash crops Busy ports (New York Busy ports (New York

and Philadelphia) and Philadelphia) because of foreign tradebecause of foreign trade

Industries: sawmills, Industries: sawmills, mines, ironworksmines, ironworks

Quakers(peace loving Quakers(peace loving peoples) in Philadelphiapeoples) in Philadelphia

Middle Colonies = Yellow

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Warm climate and Warm climate and long growing long growing season = large-season = large-scale agriculture scale agriculture (tobacco)(tobacco)

Rice, indigo, and Rice, indigo, and grain -grain -Cash cropsCash crops

Dependent on Dependent on slave laborslave labor

Southern Colonies = Pink

MercantilismMercantilism

Great BritainGreat Britain’’s policy toward the s policy toward the American Colonies under George III American Colonies under George III around 1760.around 1760.

Theory that a countryTheory that a country’’s power depends s power depends on its wealth:on its wealth: SellSell moremore goods to other countries goods to other countries thanthan it it

buybuyss Favorable balance of trade: more exports, Favorable balance of trade: more exports,

fewer imports fewer imports EXPORTS >IMPORTSEXPORTS >IMPORTS

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Brought African Slaves to America Brought African Slaves to America through three part processthrough three part process

From molasses to rum to slavesFrom molasses to rum to slaves From southern America, from New From southern America, from New

England, from AfricaEngland, from Africa

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Trip from Africa to Americas known as Middle Passage

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Precedent for Direct Precedent for Direct Democracy and Self-Democracy and Self-GovernmentGovernment: : Every Every citizen is involvedcitizen is involved town meetings to town meetings to

discuss and vote on discuss and vote on issues of the townissues of the town

Created by Pilgrims on Created by Pilgrims on arrival from Englandarrival from England

Begins New World Begins New World tradition of self-ruletradition of self-rule

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

In 1619 in In 1619 in Jamestown, Jamestown, Va. Va.

1st 1st representatirepresentative assembly ve assembly beginning beginning

of self-of self-government government in the in the coloniescolonies

Long-Term Causes of the Long-Term Causes of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

1.1. Taxation without RepresentationTaxation without Representation1.1. The colonies had no representatives to Parliament.The colonies had no representatives to Parliament.2.2. Stamp Act of 1765:Stamp Act of 1765: colonists must attach expensive stamps colonists must attach expensive stamps

to all newspapers and legal documentsto all newspapers and legal documents2.2. MercantilismMercantilism

1.1. Policy of Britain wanting to export more than importPolicy of Britain wanting to export more than import2.2. Requires colonies to trade solely with Britain and provide Requires colonies to trade solely with Britain and provide

resources.resources.3.3. Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

1.1. Colonies had gotten use to governing themselves with little Colonies had gotten use to governing themselves with little interference from England. interference from England.

2.2. This changes after the French-Indian War. This changes after the French-Indian War. 4.4. Tradition of Self-governmentTradition of Self-government

1.1. Stamp Act Congress:Stamp Act Congress: Oct 1765, 9 of 13 colonies sent Oct 1765, 9 of 13 colonies sent representatives to the Stamp Act Congress in NYCrepresentatives to the Stamp Act Congress in NYC

• 11stst time majority of colonies join together to oppose British time majority of colonies join together to oppose British rulerule

• British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act

Short-Term Causes of the Short-Term Causes of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

1.1. Declaratory Act of 1766:Declaratory Act of 1766: Parliament had right to tax Parliament had right to tax and make decisions for the American colonies and make decisions for the American colonies ““in all in all casescases””

2.2. Townshend Acts: Townshend Acts: legalize the use of writs of legalize the use of writs of assistance to assist customs officers in arresting assistance to assist customs officers in arresting smugglerssmugglers

• General search warrantsGeneral search warrants• Enter any location to look for evidence of smugglingEnter any location to look for evidence of smuggling

3.3. March 5, 1770: Boston Massacre:March 5, 1770: Boston Massacre: British soldiers British soldiers fired into a crowd, killing 5fired into a crowd, killing 5

4.4. Thomas PaineThomas Paine’’ss Common Sense Common Sense5.5. Protests and Boycotts of British PolicyProtests and Boycotts of British Policy

1.1. Sons of LibertySons of Liberty2.2. Committees of CorrespondenceCommittees of Correspondence

Short Term Causes of the Short Term Causes of the American Revolution American Revolution

continued…continued…““No taxation without representation!No taxation without representation!””

6. 6. Tea Act:Tea Act: British East India Company gets the right British East India Company gets the right to ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the to ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes usually placed on teataxes usually placed on tea Their tea is cheaper than any other tea in the coloniesTheir tea is cheaper than any other tea in the colonies Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party: Dec. 1773, group of angry colonists : Dec. 1773, group of angry colonists

dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 chests of British dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 chests of British tea into the Boston Harbortea into the Boston Harbor

7. 7. Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts:Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts: response of response of Britain to the Boston Tea Party Britain to the Boston Tea Party

restricted the colonistsrestricted the colonists’’ civil rights, including right to a trial by civil rights, including right to a trial by juryjury

Closed Boston HarborClosed Boston Harbor Placed Soldiers within Boston to control the portPlaced Soldiers within Boston to control the port

RepublicRepublic

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACYREPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY FORM OF GOVERNMENT OF THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT OF THE

UNITED STATESUNITED STATES OFFICIALS ELECTED BY THE OFFICIALS ELECTED BY THE

POPULACE RUN THE GOVERNMENT POPULACE RUN THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE PEOPLEFOR THE PEOPLE

System of limited governmentSystem of limited government The The peoplepeople are the ultimate source are the ultimate source

of powerof power

Representative Representative DemocracyDemocracy

Citizens choose smaller Citizens choose smaller group to represent them, group to represent them, make laws, and govern on make laws, and govern on their behalftheir behalf

What Form of GovWhat Form of Gov’’t do we t do we have?have?

Representative Representative DemocracyDemocracy U.S. is the oldest U.S. is the oldest

Representative Democracy Representative Democracy in the worldin the world

Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government

PEPP:PEPP: PProvide Lawsrovide Laws EEnforce Lawsnforce Laws PProvide Servicesrovide Services PPlan for the lan for the

FutureFuture

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

AUTHOR: Thomas Jefferson AUTHOR: Thomas Jefferson INFLUENCES:INFLUENCES:

Enlightenment ideasEnlightenment ideas Social Contract Theory of John Social Contract Theory of John

LockeLocke John LockeJohn Locke’’s Natural Rights-Life, s Natural Rights-Life,

liberty and propertyliberty and property Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau’’s s ““All Men All Men

are created equalare created equal”” Approved by the 2nd Continental Approved by the 2nd Continental

Congress on July 4, 1776Congress on July 4, 1776 Included Included

long list of abuses by King long list of abuses by King George III and called him a George III and called him a tyranttyrant

Also included the purpose of Also included the purpose of government (to protect the rights government (to protect the rights of the people)of the people)

Social Contract TheorySocial Contract Theory

Agreement between the government and the Agreement between the government and the governed: the government and the peoplegoverned: the government and the people

Contract states that the people will follow the Contract states that the people will follow the rules of the government so long as the rules of the government so long as the government looks out for their best interest. government looks out for their best interest. When the government stops looking out for When the government stops looking out for the people, the people have a right to abolish the people, the people have a right to abolish the government.the government.

People agree to give up part of their freedom People agree to give up part of their freedom to a government in exchange for protection of to a government in exchange for protection of natural rightsnatural rights

Social Contract within Social Contract within Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

That to secure these rights, That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new to abolish it, and to institute new Government, Government,

Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

1787 in Philadelphia1787 in Philadelphia Purpose: To Revise the Articles of Purpose: To Revise the Articles of

Confederation which werenConfederation which weren’’t workingt working 12 of 13 states attended: Rhode Island 12 of 13 states attended: Rhode Island

didndidn’’tt Federalists vs. Anti-federalistsFederalists vs. Anti-federalists

Federalists wanted to strengthen the Federalists wanted to strengthen the national governmentnational government

Anti-Federalists wanted statesAnti-Federalists wanted states’’ and people and people to maintain the powerto maintain the power

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise

The two plansThe two plans Virginia PlanVirginia Plan: representation based on states: representation based on states’’

populationpopulation New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan:: Equal representation Equal representation

The Great Compromise(Connecticut The Great Compromise(Connecticut Compromise)Compromise) 2 house legislature-bicameral2 house legislature-bicameral Senate based on equal representation(2 per state)Senate based on equal representation(2 per state) House of Representatives based based on statesHouse of Representatives based based on states ’’

population as determined by census every 10 population as determined by census every 10 yearsyears

The Three-Fifths The Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise

Delegates agreed that every 5 Delegates agreed that every 5 enslaved persons would count as 3 enslaved persons would count as 3 free peoplefree people 3/5 of the slave population in each state 3/5 of the slave population in each state

would be used in determining would be used in determining representation in Congress and for representation in Congress and for taxing purposes as welltaxing purposes as well

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Our first national government in the Our first national government in the United StatesUnited States

It DID NOT WORKIt DID NOT WORK

WEAKNESSWEAKNESS RESULTRESULT

No executiveNo executive CouldnCouldn’’t t enforce lawsenforce laws

No judiciaryNo judiciary CouldnCouldn’’t settle t settle disputesdisputes

9 of 13 to pass 9 of 13 to pass lawslaws

Difficult to pass Difficult to pass legislationlegislation

First Political PartiesFirst Political PartiesDemocratic-Democratic-RepublicansRepublicans

FederalistsFederalists

Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonStrong support in the South and Strong support in the South and WestWestPeople and statesPeople and states should should retain as many rights as possibleretain as many rights as possibleStrict constructionStrict construction of the of the Constitution to limit the powers Constitution to limit the powers of the federal governmentof the federal governmentMembers were made up of Members were made up of farmers, frontier settlers, small farmers, frontier settlers, small shopkeepers, and laborers.shopkeepers, and laborers.TodayToday’’s Democratic party is a s Democratic party is a descendant of this partydescendant of this party

Alexander HamiltonAlexander HamiltonStrong support in New EnglandStrong support in New EnglandFearful of placing too much Fearful of placing too much power in the hands of the power in the hands of the people;tyrannical majoritypeople;tyrannical majorityFavored a Favored a strong national strong national governmentgovernment and believed in a and believed in a loose construction of the loose construction of the ConstitutionConstitution to broaden the to broaden the powers of the federal powers of the federal governmentgovernmentBelieved that AmericanBelieved that American’’s future s future depended upon the development depended upon the development of a balanced and diversified of a balanced and diversified economyeconomyWell-to-do merchants, bankers, Well-to-do merchants, bankers, and manufacturersand manufacturers