Growth of Greek City-states

Ancient Greece was a culture region, not a country. Itwas made up of independent city-states.

! Although Greek city-states shared the samelanguage and religion, they had different formsof government.

! As city-states grew, they established coloniesalong the seacoasts. Conflicts over land led towars with neighbors.

! Wars between the two most powerful city-states,Athens and Sparta, nearly destroyed Greece.

Who's in charge?Before democracy developed, only peoplewho were rich or royal could govern.Democracy let all adult male citizens,whether rich or poor, vote on decisions.

¡/f, Athens was the first city-state to have a democracylÕf Monarchy, aristocracy, and tyranny remained

common types of government in other city-states.

Before 682 ¡.c.MonarchyKings rule

Athens.

Government in Athens560-508 e.c.

TyrannyLeadership is

seized by force

508 s.c.DemocracyCitizens rule Athens.

682-560 s.c.AristocracyWealthy familieshold power.

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750 B.c. Greeks begin forming coloniesto increase farmland and expand trade

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ty-states startGreek colonies

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Greece and lts Colonies750-550 Lc.

l--l Greek colonial area, 550 e.c.

f-_l Phoenician lands, 750 B.c.

o C¡ty-state with colonieso Other city-state

Trade routeonrrcr Culture region

0 250 500 miles

0 250 500 kilometers

Greece,750 B.c.

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fifhe Greeks and the Phoenicians were trading partners and rivals. Compare thislåf map with map C on page 15. Which areas did both Greeks and Phoenicians settle?

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Ancient Greece and Rome luNlf r

o ln the 400s e.c., the expanding PersianEmpire invaded Greece twice. Greekcity-states, including Athens andSparta, united to defeat the Persians.

What didn't the Persians expect?The conquering Persians had built a vastempire in southwest Asia (see map C,

page 33) before they headed west towardGreece. The Greek victories over thePersians surprised everyone, eventhe Greeks.

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412 a.c. Aid from Persiastrengthens Sparta.

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413 B.c. Many alliesof Athens switch toSparta's side.

431 B.c.Sparta declareswar on Athens.

4O4 B.c. Sparta blockadesAthens; Athens surrenders.

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The Peloponnesian War

Athens and allies

Sparta and allies

Other Greek areas

Athenian troop movement

Spartan troop movement

Athenian victorySpartan victoryCulture region

100 200 miles

0 100 200 kilometers

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431-404s.c.

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/â Sparta was the most powerful city-state on the peninsula of Peloponnesus. Athensl!/ cäntrolled most of thã city-states along the Aegean Sea. Prolonged warfare

between Athens and Sparta permanently weakened the region.

31