city of phoenix bridge inspection policy and procedures

City of Phoenix Bridge Inspection Policy and Procedures

Street Transportation Department 2016

1 City of Phoenix Bridge Inspection Policy and Procedures

May 2016

Table of Contents

PURPOSE AND SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 4

BRIDGE INSPECTION QUALITY CONTROL PLAN......................................................................................... 5

PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 5

QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTION PERSONNEL........................................................................................................ 5

Program Manager/Consultant Project Manager ................................................................................... 5

Inspection Team Leader ......................................................................................................................... 6

Bridge Inspector ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Inspection Assistants .............................................................................................................................. 6

QUALITY CONTROL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................. 6

City Program Manager .......................................................................................................................... 6

Consultant Project Manager .................................................................................................................. 6

Inspection Team Leader ......................................................................................................................... 7

Bridge Inspector ..................................................................................................................................... 7

Inspection Assistant ............................................................................................................................... 7

Inspection Team Composition ................................................................................................................ 7

INSPECTOR TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................. 7

Bridge Inspection Refresher Training ..................................................................................................... 7

Inspector Qualifications Documentation ............................................................................................... 8

INSPECTION PLANNING ............................................................................................................................ 8

TYPES OF INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 8

Initial Inspection ..................................................................................................................................... 8

Routine Inspection ................................................................................................................................. 9

In-Depth Inspections .............................................................................................................................. 9

Fracture Critical Inspections ................................................................................................................... 9

Underwater inspections ....................................................................................................................... 10

Damage Inspections ............................................................................................................................. 11

Special Inspections ............................................................................................................................... 11

INSPECTION ACCESS AND EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 11

Access Equipment ................................................................................................................................ 11

Access Permit Requirements ................................................................................................................ 12

Traffic Control ...................................................................................................................................... 13

Bridge Records ..................................................................................................................................... 14

Bridge File Review ................................................................................................................................ 15

Proper Inspection Equipment ............................................................................................................... 15

Personal Protection Equipment ........................................................................................................... 16

Forms and Sketches ............................................................................................................................. 16

Annual Training / Team Meeting ......................................................................................................... 17

ARIZONA DOT PRODUCTION GUIDELINES AND REIMBURSEMENT REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 17

FIELD INSPECTION WORK ....................................................................................................................... 19

GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

FIELD INSPECTION SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 19

Classification of Bridge Entry ............................................................................................................... 19


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Working Around Traffic ....................................................................................................................... 19

Lift Equipment Safety ........................................................................................................................... 19

Dust Control Information ..................................................................................................................... 20

INSPECTION NOMENCLATURE .......................................................................................................................... 20

Note Location Nomenclature ............................................................................................................... 20

Structure Direction of Inventory........................................................................................................... 20

Span Numbers ...................................................................................................................................... 20

Substructure Units ............................................................................................................................... 20

Superstructure Members ..................................................................................................................... 20

Lane Numbering................................................................................................................................... 21

Coding of Center Turn Lane.................................................................................................................. 21

Measurement Units ............................................................................................................................. 22

Crack Size Conventions ........................................................................................................................ 23

Longitude and Latitude Measurements ............................................................................................... 23

NBI CODING CONVENTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 23

CULVERT CONVENTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 24

ELEMENT CODING CONVENTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 24

Environment Designation .................................................................................................................... 24

Protective Coating Systems .................................................................................................................. 24

Bridge Rail Elements ............................................................................................................................ 24

Deck Area Measurements .................................................................................................................... 25

Girder Count Convention...................................................................................................................... 25

DEFECT DOCUMENTATION .............................................................................................................................. 26

General ................................................................................................................................................ 26

Girder Defects ...................................................................................................................................... 26

Deck Delamination Surveys .................................................................................................................. 26

Scour .................................................................................................................................................... 27

Critical Findings .................................................................................................................................... 27

FIELD INSPECTION DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................ 27

Report Categories ................................................................................................................................ 28

Entry Notes .......................................................................................................................................... 28

Structure Notes .................................................................................................................................... 28

Inspection Notes .................................................................................................................................. 28

Load Rating .......................................................................................................................................... 28

INSPECTION REPORTING PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 29

GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 29

REPORT PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................................... 29

Notes Day ............................................................................................................................................. 29

INSPECTION PHOTOS ...................................................................................................................................... 30

General ................................................................................................................................................ 30

Typical Photographs ............................................................................................................................ 31

WORK RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 33

CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS .................................................................................................................................. 34

CHANNEL PROFILES ....................................................................................................................................... 34

SKETCHES .................................................................................................................................................... 35

As-Bulit Plan, Elevation and Cross Section Drawings ........................................................................... 35


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INSPECTION DELIVERABLES .................................................................................................................... 36

ELECTRONIC INSPECTION DATA ........................................................................................................................ 36

BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORTS .......................................................................................................................... 36

LOAD RATING CALCULATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 36

QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEWS ............................................................................................................. 37

QUALITY ASSURANCE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................. 37

QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING METHOD ................................................................................ 37

SELECTION OF SAMPLE ................................................................................................................................... 38

POST INSPECTION QA REVIEWS ....................................................................................................................... 38

QUALITY ASSURANCE FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................... 38

BENEFITS OF QA REVIEWS TO THE PROGRAM ..................................................................................................... 39

APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................... 40

APPENDIX A – DOCUMENTATION OF INSPECTOR QUALIFICATIONS .......................................................................... 41

APPENDIX B – ENTRY CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................. 43

APPENDIX C - QUARTERLY INSPECTION PROGRESS REPORT TEMPLATE ..................................................................... 47

APPENDIX D – VERTICAL CLEARANCE DIAGRAM EXAMPLE ..................................................................................... 48

APPENDIX E - CAD DRAWING SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................... 49

APPENDIX F – REPAIR ACTIONS AND UNIT COSTS ................................................................................................ 52

APPENDIX G – FIELD INSPECTION REFERENCE GUIDE (NEXT 7 PAGES) ..................................................................... 54

APPENDIX H – POST INSPECTION QA REVIEW FORM ........................................................................................... 61

APPENDIX I – DUST CONTROL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 63

APPENDIX J – BRIDGE CLOSURE PLAN ............................................................................................................... 65

APPENDIX K - AGENCY DEVELOPED ELEMENTS .................................................................................................... 66


May 2016

Purpose and Scope The City of Phoenix Bridge Inspection Policy and Procedures describe bridge inspection practices that must be followed when working for the City in order to have uniform interpretation of nationally inspection references. These policies and procedures provide for consistency of bridge inspection throughout the City and ensure consistency with the requirements of the Arizona Department of Transportation guidelines. This policy and procedures document covers the majority of issues that may be encountered while performing and documenting a bridge inspection in Phoenix; however, they are not intended to be exhaustive nor are they intended to replace bridge inspection references and manuals. Adhering to these policy and procedures does not relieve bridge inspection personnel from the responsibility of applying sound engineering principles throughout the bridge inspection process. In the event of conflicting information or requirements between these policies and procedures and the NBIS, the NBIS will govern. The National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) are published in the Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR 650, Subpart C. The NBIS set the national standard for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of bridges and apply to all structures defined as highway bridges located on all public roads in the United States. The following are some useful references to be consulted by bridge inspection personnel:

• Code of Federal Regulations, Title 23, Part 650, Subpart C (NBIS) • Recording and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s

Bridges (FHWA) • Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual (FHWA) • Inspection of Fracture Critical Bridge Members (FHWA) • Culvert Inspection Manual (FHWA) • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (FHWA) • AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation • City of Phoenix Safety Policies


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Bridge Inspection Quality Control Plan

Purpose As bridges age and deteriorate an accurate and thorough condition assessment of each

structure is essential in maintaining a safe, functional and reliable roadway system. The

accuracy and consistency of the inspection and documentation of the bridge inspection is vital

to public safety. Accurate data is also important since it forms the basis of the entire bridge

management system. Procedures and processes are implemented to maintain the required

level of consistency and to verify the level of accuracy. Documentation of these processes

contained in these Bridge Inspection Practices and Procedures meets the requirements

contained in the Code of Federal Regulations, 23 Part 650 subpart C (23 CFR 650).

These Bridge Inspection Policy and Procedures and the Quality Assurance Reviews are a series of

detailed processes that include field reviews and careful examination of all parts of the bridge

inspection program for the purpose of generating greater accuracy and consistency in the

program. To be effective, the inspection procedures (quality control processes) must be

followed by all personnel and the procedures should be evaluated and updated regularly.

Definitions

Quality Control (QC)

Quality control is defined as those functions done within the bridge inspection unit to review the

bridge inspection process and insure quality inspections are being conducted and inspections

are on schedule.

Quality Assurance (QA)

Quality assurance is defined as those functions that involve oversight external to the bridge

inspection unit to insure uniformity in the bridge inspection process.

Qualifications of Inspection Personnel

Program Manager/Consultant Project Manager

The position requires a general understanding of all aspects of bridge inspection and

engineering including design, new construction, data management, bridge management

systems, load rating, rehabilitation and maintenance practices.

Minimum Program Manager qualifications:

Have completed a comprehensive training course based on the Bridge Inspector’s Training Manual, and

Be a registered professional engineer; or

Have a minimum of 10 year’s experience in bridge inspection assignments as team leader.


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Inspection Team Leader

The Inspection Team Leader and is responsible for planning, preparing, performing and

reporting the field inspection of a bridge. There should be at least one Lead Inspector at the

bridge at all times during each inspection.

Minimum Team leader qualifications are those of a NBIS Team Leader:

1. Have completed a comprehensive training course based on the Bridge Inspector’s Training Manual, AND

2. Have a minimum of 2 years bridge inspection experience with the City of Phoenix or as approved by the City Program Manager, AND

3. Be a registered professional engineer; OR 4. NICET Level III or IV certification in Bridge Safety Inspection; OR 5. Have a minimum of 5 years experience in bridge inspection assignments as a team

leader.

Bridge Inspector

The Bridge Inspector shall assist the Team Leader in planning, preparing, performing and

reporting the field inspection of a bridge.

1. Have completed a comprehensive training course based on the Bridge Inspector’s Training Manual, and

2. Be approved by the City Program Manager.

Inspection Assistants

The inspection assistants shall assist the inspection team with performing the field inspection of

a bridge. The NBIS does not set specific training or educational requirements for assistant

inspectors.

Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities

City Program Manager

The City Program Manager is the individual in charge of the bridge program that has been

assigned or delegated the responsibilities for bridge inspection, reporting, and inventory. The

program manager provides overall leadership and is available to the Consultant Project

Manager. The City Program Manager shall approve all staff members to be utilized to complete

the inspection project from commencement to conclusion. The City Program Manager shall also

be responsible for conducting periodic field reviews of the inspection team, spot checking of

bridge inspection reports, and review of the NBI data for errors.

Consultant Project Manager

The Consultant Project Manager provides overall supervision and is available to

the Team Leader to evaluate problems. The Consultant Project Manager is to ensure that all

consultant staff performing National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) safety inspections is

qualified at the appropriate level in accordance with the provisions contained in this


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document. The Project manager is also responsible to ensure each inspector has the proper

equipment available to perform the required inspection.

Inspection Team Leader

The Inspection Team Leader is responsible for planning, preparing, performing and reporting the

field inspection of a bridge. There should be at least one Team Leader at the bridge at all times

during each inspection. The Inspection Team Leader is responsible for the overall condition

assessment, work recommendations, inventory data, and appraisal ratings of the bridge.

Bridge Inspector

The Bridge Inspector shall assist the Team Leader in planning, preparing, performing and

reporting the field inspection of a bridge. Typical duties include helping to organize bridge

inspection trips, taking measurements, compiling notes, and taking photographs. Bridge

Inspectors may accrue the necessary experience to become a Team Leader over time. Bridge

Inspectors learn to assess the condition of bridge components and elements, determine

condition and appraisal codes, learn City conventions, and assist in report writing and other

inspection documentation. The Bridge Inspector shall have the ability to work at heights above

the ground, over water, wade in up to 30 inches of water, inspect from a boat, and enter and

work in confined spaces.

Inspection Assistant

The Inspection Assistant accompanies the Inspection Team during on site bridge inspections.

Typical duties include helping to organize bridge inspection trips, taking measurements,

compiling notes, taking photographs, and provide added safety for boat inspections, confined

space entry, and wade and probe inspections. Qualifications of Inspection Assistant are based

on the task and needs of the inspection team.

Inspection Team Composition Qualified personnel used in conducting safety inspection of in-service bridges typically consist of

two individuals: a Team Leader and a bridge inspector or inspection assistant. At least one of

these inspectors must meet the requirements of Team Leader. There are instances where

additional team members are required to complete the bridge inspection safely. These

instances typically occur when the inspection is conducted in and around water or a permit

require confined space entry is made. Other instances may occur when due to high traffic

volumes, there is a need to expedite the inspection to minimize traffic delays. Qualifications of

the additional team members are based on the task and availability.

Inspector Training Requirements

Bridge Inspection Refresher Training

Bridge Inspection Refresher Training as required by 23 CFR 650 is intended to increase

uniformity and consistency of the inspections both within an organization as well as nationally.

Bridge inspection refresher training shall provide a review of the National Bridge Inventory (NBI)

inspection methods including discussions on structure inventory items, structure types, and the

appropriate codes for the Federal Structure Inventory and Appraisal reporting. This training


May 2016

includes both NBI Condition Ratings and American Association of State Highway Officials

(AASHTO) Bridge Element Inspection Manual. This training should be conducted every five years

or as needed to recalibrate inspectors to national and City standards as required by the CFR.

Inspector Qualifications Documentation

The form in Appendix A is used to document the training and qualifications of all inspection

staff.

Inspection Planning The key to the effective, safe performance of any bridge inspection is proper advanced planning

and preparation. The inspection plan should be developed based on a review of the Bridge

Record and may require a pre-inspection site visit.

The inspection plan should ensure that:

Inspection personnel are assigned in accordance with their qualifications.

The level of effort and frequency of inspection is consistent with the type of structure and details, condition and the potential for failure.

Unique structural characteristics and special problems of individual structures are considered in developing an inspection plan.

The proper access and inspection equipment is available for the inspection.

The inspection team is aware of any special safety requirements.

Types of Inspections

The Project Manager shall determine the type and depth of inspection to be performed and

ascertain the level of effort, budget requirements and the subsequent required activities.

The type of inspection may vary over the useful life of a structure in order to reflect changing

condition. Items such as the extent of access to structural elements, level of detail required for

physical inspection and the degree of testing will vary considerably in each of the following five

types of inspection.

Justification for inspection work that is beyond the limits provided for in this Policy and

Procedures is required to submitted to the City Program Manager prior to scheduling the work.

Initial Inspection

An Initial Inspection is the first inspection of a structure as it becomes part of the structure file.

The elements of an Initial Inspection may also apply when there has been a change in the

configuration of the structure such as widening, lengthening, supplemental bents or a change in

ownership.

The Initial Inspection is a fully documented investigation performed by persons meeting the

required qualifications for inspection personnel and it must be accompanied by an analytical

determination of load capacity if not already completed.


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Routine Inspection

Routine Inspections are regularly scheduled inspections consisting of observations and/or

measurements needed to determine the physical and functional condition of the structure, to

identify any changes from “Initial” or previously recorded conditions, and to ensure that the

structure continues to satisfy present service requirements. These inspections are generally

conducted from the deck; ground levels, water levels, or both; and permanent work platforms

and walkways, if present. Inspection of underwater portions of the substructure is limited to

observations during low-flow periods, probing for signs of undermining, or both.

Routine inspections are conducted on a designated frequency, typically 24 months, but may

vary. Certain culverts, with the approval of FHWA have had their routine inspection frequencies

extended to 48 months. Bridges with higher risk may be inspected at a 12-month interval or

more often as determined by prudent bridge inspection practices.

The Routine Inspection must fully satisfy the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection

Standards with respect to maximum inspection frequency, the updating of Structure Inventory

and Appraisal data including City requirements.

All routine inspections shall meet the following requirements:

1. Visual access from the ground or access equipment if deemed necessary 2. All noted conditions, problems and areas to be repaired shall be photographed 3. Structure condition shall be documented in text form, with NBI Condition Ratings,

photographs and with Element Level Inspection data. 4. Enter all data and recommendations using the current version of the AASHTO Bridge

Management Software.

In-Depth Inspections

An In-Depth Inspection is a close-up, hands on inspection of one or more members above or

below the water level to identify any deficiencies not readily detectable using routine inspection

procedures. Fracture critical and underwater inspections are considered in-depth inspections.

Full documentation of all defects including notes, locations, and photos is required.

Traffic control and special equipment, such as under-bridge inspection equipment, staging and

workboats, should be provided to obtain access, if needed. Nondestructive field tests and/or

other material tests may be needed to be performed to fully ascertain the existence of any

deficiencies.

Fracture Critical Inspections

Fracture critical inspections are to be conducted visually at arm’s length in accordance with the NBIS requirements and may utilize non-destructive testing equipment if warranted. Fracture critical inspections are required at intervals of 24 months or less and should be scheduled with the routine inspection if possible. Fracture critical inspections shall be conducted in accordance with an established fracture critical inspection plan.


May 2016

Underwater inspections

Inspection of the underwater portion of a bridge substructure and the surrounding channel,

which cannot be inspected visually at low water by wading or probing, generally requires diving

or other appropriate techniques. Inspections should be scheduled during low flows or

drawdowns whenever possible to reduce costs and improve the inspection quality. The

structure number, name and water crossing shall be listed in the schedule for any structure

requiring an underwater inspection. All underwater inspections employing divers shall comply

with Title 23: Highways PART 650—BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Subpart C—

National Bridge Inspection Standards - § 650.309 Qualifications of personnel. (d) An

underwater bridge inspection diver must complete an FHWA approved comprehensive bridge

inspection training course or other FHWA approved underwater diver bridge inspection training

course. Inspect underwater structural elements at regular intervals not to exceed 60 months.

Other In-Depth Inspections

In depth inspections may be warranted in situations other than those defined as determined by

the Program Manager. Examples of other in-depth inspections include:

A hands-on (arm’s length) inspection may be performed on one or more members of

a non-fracture critical steel structure. ADOT will reimburse for in-depth inspection of

non-fracture critical steel structures every four years.

A hands-on (arm’s length) inspection may be performed on any concrete structure

whose current NBI condition rating of the deck, superstructure or substructure is less

than 5.

A concrete structure with members or elements that exhibit signs of distress/crack

patterns, severe deterioration and/or damage that will affect the integrity of the

structure or reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structure may also warrant a

hands-on inspection.

In general, an in-depth inspection is not required for concrete structures. But ADOT

will allow an in-depth inspection frequency of concrete bridges on an 8-year cycle, if a

self-inspecting agency would like to perform in-depth inspection of concrete

structures.

The in-depth inspection frequency of concrete bridges may be reduced to a more frequent cycle

if any of the follow conditions exist:

The previous inspection of the concrete structure resulted in an NBI rating of the

deck, superstructure, or substructure less than 5 or

Members/elements exhibit signs of distress/crack patterns, severe deterioration, or

damage that will impact the integrity of the structure or reduce the load-carrying

capacity of the structure.

Non Destructive Testing

Non-destructive tests may need to be conducted to assist the inspector in determining the

condition and safe load carrying capacity for the structure. Non-destructive testing may be

scheduled for known past deficiencies on critical structural elements, details or connections.


May 2016

Nondestructive testing beyond typical routine inspection activities shall be approved in advance

by the City Project Manager prior to the start of field work.

Damage Inspections

A Damage Inspection is an unscheduled inspection to assess possible structural damage

resulting from environmental factors (e.g., flooding, fire, deterioration, etc.) or human actions

(e.g., traffic impact, vandalism, fire, overloads, explosions, etc.)

The scope of the inspection should be sufficient to determine the need for emergency load

restrictions or closure of the structure to traffic, any conditions that pose a safety hazard to the

public, and to assess the level of effort necessary to affect a repair. The amount of effort

expended on this type of inspection may vary significantly depending upon the extent of the

damage. Damage inspections may be performed as needed with approval from the City

Program Manager. The City Program Manager will in turn notify ADOT within 48 hours of the

damage inspection.

Special Inspections

A Special Inspection is an inspection scheduled at the discretion of the structure owner. It is

used to monitor a particular known or suspected deficiency, such as foundation settlement or

scour, member condition, operations of load posted structure, and can be performed by any

qualified person familiar with the structure and available to accommodate the assigned

frequency of investigation. Special inspections are limited in scope and separate from other

inspections done, but shall be entered into BrM as a special inspections.

Inspection Access and Equipment

Access Equipment

Proper planning is important to ensure that appropriate access to the structure is available for

the type of inspection to be performed. The variation in types of structures to be inspected

requires that the bridge inspector use a broad range of access methods and equipment.

Common methods of inspection access include:

Ladders Climbers (or Spiders)

Cables and platforms Lift trucks

Scaffolding Under-bridge inspection vehicle

Boats or Barges

Use of Lift Equipment

Appropriate lift equipment shall be utilized for inspections that require close inspection access.

Snoopers, man-lifts or bucket trucks shall be used based on the type of inspection being planned

or in cases of known deficiencies that require up close inspection.

Lift Trucks


May 2016

Lift trucks may be utilized when under clearances are greater than 30 feet and access under the

structure is available. Lift trucks may also be used for in depth inspections of structures less

than 30 feet in elevation.

Under Bridge Inspection Trucks (UBIT or Snooper)

Under-bridge inspection equipment may be used if the under-clearance height is greater than or

equal to 30 feet and cannot be accessed from underneath utilizing a lift truck. Under-bridge

inspection equipment (UBIT or snooper) is not required for routine inspection of bridges that

can be accessed from underneath or that have an under-clearance height of less than 30 feet.

Concrete structures with NBI conditions of 5 or less may warrant the use of under-bridge

inspection equipment for in-depth inspections. The use of the UBIT shall be approved by the City

Program Manager prior to the start of field work.

Boat Use

A boat may be required to inspect structures over waterways that are too deep or swift to

surface wade and that have insufficient freeboard clearance for an access vehicle. Inspection

scheduling shall take advantage of the dry season or periods of low flow to minimize the need

for boat inspections. The use of a boat for inspection shall be approved by City Program

Manager prior to the start of field work.

Access Permit Requirements

Inspections in canal areas or in the vicinity of railroad lines may require special access permits.

The appropriate permits shall be acquired prior to attempting to begin field inspection activities.

Work Over or Near Rail Lines

Prior to inspecting bridges which carry or cross over railroad tracks, a permit may need to be

obtained from the railroad company. When necessary, appropriate railroad flaggers shall be

utilized for the safety of the inspection team. The structure number, name, route, milepost and

railroad crossing shall be listed in the inspection schedule for each structure requiring a permit

or flagger.

Arizona Railroad Companies:

Railroad Address Phone

Southern Pacific Lines

1200 Corporate Center Drive Monterey Park, CA 91754

(213) 780-6967

The Atchinson, Topeka & Santé Fe Railway Company (AT&SF)

One Santé Fe Plaza 920 Southeast Quincy Street Topeka, KS 66612-1116

Unknown

Union Pacific Railroad Company

19100 Slover Avenue Bloomington, CA 92316

Phone (908) 879-6611 Fax: (908) 879-6289


May 2016

Canal Entry Permits

When inspecting a structure over a canal, a right-of-entry permit to access the gated and locked

underside of the structure may be required. The structure number, name, water crossing and

governing agency shall be listed in the inspection schedule for each structure requiring a boat

rental. SRP Contact information is as follows:

Canal Owner Address Phone

Salt River Project (SRP)

PO Box 52025 Phoenix, AZ 85072-2025

(602) 236-5900

Traffic Control

Bridge inspection activities that require traffic control should be planned in advance of the

inspection using a traffic control plan. The purpose of a traffic control plan is to define the time

of day, sequence of inspection, degree of lane restriction and traffic control signage needed.

Traffic control is usually required for complex bridges and interchanges, high-speed freeways,

when lift equipment is utilized or during bridge deck delamination surveys. The type of traffic

control required depends on the type of roadway, roadway location, number of lanes, ADT,

access method and the features intersected. The following are common inspection scenarios

warranting traffic control:

Bridge inspections requiring a deck delamination survey on high volume roadways, with poor sight distance or other traffic safety concerns

A bridge inspection requiring the use of an under-bridge inspection truck or lift truck on the bridge deck

If a UBIT is used on a bridge, traffic control may be used on the bridge. If a snooper is used for an underpass bridge, traffic control may be used on the bridge and/or under the bridge.

If a bucket truck is used for an underpass bridge, traffic control may be used for under the bridge.

The need for traffic control for routine inspection shall be determined by the Project Manager

based on inspection needs and traffic safety policy. If the bridge has access through a sidewalk,

shoulder, median, or center left/right turn lane, the need for traffic control must be approved by

the City program Manager prior to the start of field work.

Traffic Regulations

All traffic and/or traffic control devices for bridge inspection shall be provided, maintained

and/or controlled as specified in the City of Phoenix Traffic Barricade Manual, and addendums

thereof. Permission to restrict City streets, sidewalks and alleys (street closure permits) shall be

requested as specified in Chapter 3 of the Traffic Barricade Manual, and addendums thereof.

Unless otherwise provided for in the following "Special Traffic Regulations", all traffic control for

bridge inspection shall be regulated as specified in Chapter 4 of the Traffic Barricade Manual,

and addendums thereof. No deviation to the "Special Traffic Regulations will be allowed or

implemented unless submitted to the City for review and approval two (2) weeks prior to


May 2016

proposed work. Only City of Phoenix certified contractors can set, move, or remove temporary

traffic control devices (signs, barricades, etc.).

Off Duty Police officer

An officer may be required to be on site during the inspection when:

City of Phoenix mandates it.

The inspection is performed at nighttime.

The bridge is located on an interstate, or a high speed or ADT roadway.

Officers used on this contract must be either:

City of Phoenix

Maricopa County

Department of Public Safety (DPS) - DPS officers must be used for all work

performed in ADOT right-of-way.

The name, address and phone number of vendors supplying off duty police service shall be

approved by the City Program Manager prior to the start of field work. The structure number,

name, route and milepost shall be listed in the inspection schedule for each structure requiring

an officer.

Bridge Records

A bridge record contains the cumulative information about an individual structure. 23 CFR

650.313(d) requires each agency to prepare bridge files as described in the AASHTO Manual for

Bridge Evaluation (MBE) and to maintain reports on the results of bridge inspection together

with notations of any actions taken to address the findings of such inspections. The bridge file

should provide a full history of the structure over its life. Typical components of a complete

bridge record include:

Construction plans and specifications

Shop drawings

As-built drawings

General correspondence

Load rating records - calculations stamped, signed and dated by the professional engineer responsible

Posting records and legal documentation of load capacity

Inspection plans for fracture critical members, underwater elements, or other special features

Inspection history - all previous bridge inspection reports stamped, signed and dated

Maintenance records with repair recommendations and other maintenance activities

Photographs and/or sketches of the structure with descriptions including date and orientation


May 2016

Scour analysis for all bridges over water and a plan of action and plotted soundings for Scour Critical Bridges

SI&A Data

Accident records

Flood data

Paint history

Other general information that an agency is required to maintain includes:

A master list of all bridges within the agency’s jurisdiction that have fracture critical members, require underwater inspection, and/or warrant special attention because of their design, location, or strategic importance.

Bridge File Review

Proper preparation for inspection includes reviewing previous inspection notes, photos and

other documentation contained in the bridge file to ascertain the required tools, equipment,

and any safety concerns. The inspection team will develop a general idea of the expected

condition of the bridge prior to conducting the inspection. The inspection team shall develop a

systematic plan for how they plan to conduct the inspection to insure that all areas of the bridge

are covered.

Proper Inspection Equipment

In order for an inspector to perform a comprehensive inspection, the proper tools must be used

during the inspection. The follow list of inspection tools are recommended to be available:

Tools for Cleaning

Wisk broom

Wire brush

Scraper Tools for Inspection

Hammer/pick

Paint pens

Keel or Lumber crayons Tools for Visual Aid

Flashlights/lighting

Batteries

Binoculars Tools for Measuring

6’ folding ruler

25’ tape measure

100’ rag tape

Electronic distance measurer

Thermometer

Crack Comparator

Plumb bob

2 ft. and 4 ft. Level

Ultrasonic thickness gauge Tools for Documentation


May 2016

Clip boards

Pen, pencils & highlighters

Documentation

Calculator

Digital Camera

Laptop computer

Tools for Access

Ladder

Rope

Personal Protection Equipment

Hard hat

Safety vest

Work boots

Safety glasses

Gloves

Dust masks4

First aid kit

Insect repellent

Bee veil

Bleach spray bottle

Harness

Lanyard

Rope

Life vest

Rubber boots

Probing rod

Respirator

Replacement cartridges

Air monitoring device

Tripod with work winch and fall protection winch

Confined Spaces Entry Card

Confined Space Entry Permit / Non-Permit Required Confined Space Entry Permit forms

Forms and Sketches

Photo copies of all standardized forms and sketches shall be made prior to the beginning of the

field work to ensure uniformity and thoroughness for the entire project. Typical forms include:

Inspection forms.

o Vertical/horizontal clearance diagram

o Streambed profile table

Field Notes shall include:

o Location map

o Structure plan and profile sheet


May 2016

o Previous inspection report

o Notes from previous inspection

o Photos from previous inspection

Annual Training / Team Meeting

The Project Manager shall conduct a team meeting annually and prior to the start of the field

inspection work to cover all of the topics addressed in the Policy and Procedures. This meeting is

generally conducted at the beginning of the inspection cycle and includes safety topics, City

Policy, prior cycle QA findings and other changes in the inspection program requirements. The

Consultant Program Manager shall determine the timing and extent of this training necessary to

achieve consistent inspections in accordance with this policy and procedures and other defined

reference material.

Arizona DOT Production Guidelines and Reimbursement Requirements

ADOT will assist self-inspecting agencies with federal funds from ADOT’s Bridge Inspection Sub-

Program at a maximum to be determined by the department. In order to qualify and receive

federal funds a cost proposal from the self-inspecting agency must be submitted by January 31

of each year, detailing the planned.

ADOT has the authority to review and ensure reasonable cost-effective estimates and proposals

from self-inspecting agencies if federal funding sources are involved. The purpose of the review

is to ensure inspection methods and related work is compliant with federal regulations.

An Intergovernmental Agreement will be required to be established through ADOT’s Joint

Project Agreement (JPA) Section, prior to the upcoming Fiscal Year and renewed each year

thereafter, with updated estimates for each inspection project. Separate IGA’s are required for

both On-System and Off-System bridges, as defined by FHWA.

Inspections performed prior to authorization, will not qualify for federal fund reimbursement.

The self-inspecting agencies not utilizing the ADOT Bridge Management provided BrM software

shall provide, in accordance with prescribed deadlines the following to the ADOT Bridge

Management Section:

Quarterly inspection progress reports shall be submitted

Annual NBI data in FHWA prescribed text format. Error checking and corrections

must be done prior to submittal

Annual NBI Bridge Elements in FHWA prescribed XML schema based on the AASHTO

MBE

Annual BrM XML export file(s) without customized data fields for import into ADOT

Bridge Management’s BrM master database

Annual digital photographs for performed inspections for import into ADOT Bridge

Management’s BrM

Annual digital PDF’s of completed inspection reports


May 2016

The Program Manager is responsible for developing an inspection schedule that takes into

consideration the structure size, design type, documented condition and type of inspection to

be performed when developing the schedule. Regardless of the scheduled inspection hours, the

Team Leader is responsible for spending the time necessary at the bridge site in order to

perform a thorough inspection in accordance with these procedures and referenced

requirements. If a more detailed inspection is required beyond the typical inspection hours

listed below, the Team Leader shall identify the need for an in depth inspection to be completed

at a later time.

To aid in the planning for the inspection schedule, the Arizona Department of Transportation

(ADOT) has established the following inspection production guidelines. These guidelines are to

be used for inspection planning purposes. To ensure cost effective bridge inspections with

optimum use of equipment, traffic control, and other resources, ADOT encourages the following

consideration:

Routine inspection of bridges and culverts should include four or more structures

per day if feasible.

In-depth inspection of bridges should normally include two or more structures per

day. Very large, complicated or other special structures shall have the in-depth

inspection based on a reasonable scope of work.

Equipment rental and traffic control arrangements should be coordinated in the

most cost effective method if feasible.

In general, an inspection scope and hour breakdown may be based on the design type, length

and type of inspection, as shown in the ADOT’s “Cost Proposal Guidelines for Self-Inspecting

Local Public Agencies Performing Bridge Inspections Requesting Reimbursement” document.

This document defines the maximum reimbursable levels for inspection activities based on

inspection type, design type and length. Deviations from the reimbursable hours and scope of

the inspection items as stated in these guidelines will require justification and approval by the

City Program Manager.

The cost proposal for hours necessary to complete each field inspection and reporting must be

broken down into categories, such as preparation/mobilization, travel, field inspection,

reporting, quality control/assurance, and miscellaneous items (i.e., administration, printing,

mailing, unforeseen interruption, etc.). Each bridge should be identified by listing structure

number (N8), structure name (A209), facility carried (N7), feature intersected (N6A), material

(N43A), design (N43B), length (N49), width (N52), inspection frequency (N91), next inspection

(A228), inspection labor(total hours as indicated above/cost), lift equipment (type/cost), traffic

control (type/cost) and water access (type/cost).

The cost proposal shall be broken out into both On-System and Off-System (NHS) inspection

estimates.


May 2016

Field Inspection Work

General The field investigation of a structure should be conducted in a systematic and organized manner

that will be efficient and minimize the possibility of any element being overlooked. Routine

inspections shall be conducted in such a manner that every element on the structure receives a

thorough visual inspection regardless of past documented conditions. Any element that has

been previously identified as deficient shall be more closely examined to detect any further

deterioration

Field Inspection Safety

Classification of Bridge Entry

Seven entry classifications have been developed to categorize the hazards encountered during

the inspection, the actions to be taken and the appropriate personal protection equipment to

be used. These entry classifications, actions, and personal protective equipment are summarized

in Appendix B.

Working Around Traffic

The inspection team shall conduct as much of the inspection as possible from areas protected

from traffic. The use of areas behind rails or on sidewalks should be utilized for note taking and

inspection whenever possible. Crossing live traffic lanes shall be avoided on higher volume

roadways if possible. If a member of the inspection team needs to enter a traffic lane, the

second team member should watch traffic while the inspector is examining the bridge. The

inspection team should work together to improve the overall safety of the inspection, especially

when working in traffic lanes. For higher speed and/or higher volume roadways, traffic control

and off duty police officers should be utilized as needed for the safety of the inspection team

members.

Lift Equipment Safety

Aerial lift equipment requires additional considerations for the safety of the operator and

equipment. Prior to using any lift equipment, make sure that you review the safe operation of

the specific lift being used and perform a complete pre-operation check per the manufactures

owner manual. Special care should be given when operating lift equipment near power lines, on

uneven terrain or in windy conditions.

When working in lift equipment over water the risk of being attached to the lift equipment

should it fail and become submerged must be considered by the inspection team. A personal

flotation device is always required when working over water and a fall restraint system is

required when operating lift equipment. However, consideration may be given to detaching fail

restraint systems while over water when the safety of the inspector is increased by being able to

swim away from potentially submerged lift equipment.


May 2016

Dust Control Information

Maricopa County requires that dust control measures are observed when working on unpaved

surfaces. A dust control permit is required when working and parking off paved roads when

conducting bridge inspection activities. More information can be found in Appendix I and at the

following web site: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq

Inspection Nomenclature

Note Location Nomenclature

The following standard conventions shall be used for structure orientation and locations to

ensure that all field notes are taken in a consistent manner so that subsequent inspections can

easily identify the location of priori observations:

Structure Direction of Inventory

The direction of inventory is defined by the general direction of the roadway facing either North

or East. See coding convention for NBI Item 5E below.

Span Numbers

Spans are numbered sequentially (starting with the number one) with respect to the direction of

inventory.

Substructure Units

Abutments (Abutments 1 & 2) and piers (Piers 1-99) are numbered sequentially with respect to

the direction of inventory.

Superstructure Members

Beams, stringers, girders and bays are numbered sequentially (starting with the number 1) from

left to right.

Floor beams are numbered sequentially (starting with either zero or one) looking ahead in the

direction of inventory.


May 2016

Lane Numbering

Lane numbering is from left to right when looking in the direction of travel and shall indicate the

direction of travel. Center turn lanes shall be designated as such. Example: A North-South

oriented bridge with 2 lanes in each direction and a center turn lane would use the following

lane descriptions: Southbound lanes 1 and 2; Northbound lanes 1 and 2; center turn lane.

Coding of Center Turn Lane

Full or partial length turn lane on structure.

Right of Way Management - Lane Assignments:


May 2016

Both examples above are showing a total of 6 lanes on the bridge

Showing 6 total lanes on the (left) and 5 total lanes on the (right)

Measurement Units

Record all units as standard alpha abbreviations: in (inch), ft. (feet), LF (lineal feet), deg (degree).

DO NOT USE “ (inch) or ‘ (feet) notation in reports as this causes data transfer problems.


May 2016

Crack Size Conventions

Crack sizes that are estimated are recorded as fractional inches and cracks that are measured

are recorded as decimal inches to 3 places:

1/64 0.016

1/32 0.031

1/16 0.063

1/8 0.125

1/4 0.250

1/3 0.333

3/8 0.375

1/2 0.500

5/8 0.625

2/3 0.667

3/4 0.750

7/8 0.875

Longitude and Latitude Measurements

The latitude and longitude for each structure shall be obtained by GPS at the beginning of the

structure (Abutment 1) near the right edge of structure with respect to the direction of the

route (South to North and West to East). Deviations from this convention should be

documented in the User Bridge Notes field on the Phoenix Tab in BrM.

NBI Coding Conventions

NBI Item #5D – The Route Number shall be coded as 0000 since none of the roads in the

city have route numbers

NBI Item #5E – coded as either North or East for the direction of the inventory route.

NBI Item #58 – Maximum 6 - if Element 12 or 38 has a concrete cracking defect in state

2 or lower.

NBI Item #113 – All bridges and culverts built since 1970 will be assumed to have been

designed to modern scour standards and should be coded 8 - "Stable above footings". If

there is evidence of field scour the rating can be lowered. Under no condition are

inspectors to code a 6 - "Calculations not made" or a U - "Unknown". Notify the Project

Manager if a scour analysis is required for a bridge based on the inspection. There are

several structures previously rated a 3 and they should stay the same unless conditions

worsen.

Items 36A, 36B, 36C and 36D shall be coded as N for all elements outside the clear

recovery zone and for culverts under fill.


May 2016

Culvert Conventions

The coding of several NBI data fields for culverts is dependent on the depth of fill over the

culvert. Use the following conventions for all culverts.

Culvert Coding Conventions

< 1 ft. of Fill ≥ 1 ft. of fill

Curb to Curb Width (N51)

Record Actual 0000

Out to Out Width (N52)

Record Actual 0000

Deck Structure Type (N107)

Record Actual N

Traffic Safety Features (N36)

Record Actual NNNN

Element Coding Conventions

General

The City of Phoenix has adopted the AASHTO Bridge Element Inspection Manual as the basis for

element inspection. City defined elements have been defined to supplement the AASHTO

manual as follows:

Pedestrian Rail Elements #860 – 863

Wearing Surface Elements #800 – 802

Protective Coating Elements #890 – 892

Refer to the Appendix K for a condition state language for these items.

Environment Designation

Bridges in the City of Phoenix shall use an element environment of 2 in most cases. There are

two defined exceptions:

State 3 – Ahwatukee area only with landscaped areas with irrigation above

State 3 – Bare concrete decks with an average ADT of 5000 or more per lane

Protective Coating Systems

The quantity may be estimated if it cannot be measured.

Bridge Rail Elements

The reported element quantity shall be the limits from the beginning of the bridge to the end of

bridge regardless of approach configurations and rail continuity.

Code combination type rail as Other Bridge Rail (Element #333).

Pedestrian rail on top of a full height vehicular concrete rail shall not be reported in the

elements


May 2016

Deck Area Measurements

Record the maximum area of the bridge deck (total length times deck width, out to out).

Girder Count Convention

Girder counts shall consider the number of units that could be individually replaced. For

example, three adjacent precast box beams shall be counted as three girder lines. A single T-

beam shall be counted as one girder line. A double T-beam shall also be counted as a single

girder line.


May 2016

Defect Documentation

General

Observed defects shall be documented in a concise manner that will define the type of defect

(crack, spall, delamination, etc.), the location of the defect (what element and where) and the

size of the defect (length, area or area and depth, etc.). Locating a defect includes tying it to an

established permanent reference. Care shall be taken to avoid using references that change

over time. If the cause of the defect can be determined, it should be reported. If an element is

in Condition State 2,3 or 4 there must be a corresponding condition statement to describe the

defects in that element.

Inspection notes should be provided for all bridge components. This includes situations where

components are in good condition. For example and if appropriate, the inspector should remark

that “overall superstructure is in good condition”.

When previously reported defects are not visible, inspectors should maintain previously

documented condition ratings unless actions were taken to improve the condition of the

element since the last inspection. Those actions must be documented in the inspection report

and bridge file. A note clarifying that the element is not visible or accessible should also be

added. A common example is when a bridge deck is overlaid since the last inspection.

Girder Defects

When quantifying damage to a girder element, consideration is given to the type of damage, the

implications of that damage, and how it will be repaired. For example, cracks in a prestressed

girder indicate loss of prestressing force and a reduced load capacity. Although the cracks may

be localized, the entire girder is affected and the entire girder quantity shall be downgraded to a

lower condition state. Likewise, repair of this girder will require replacement of the entire girder

and should be estimated accordingly. In contrast, a minor spall in a prestressed girder does not

affect the girder strength and only the length of the girder with the spall is downgraded to a

lower condition state and the repair is estimated based on that length.

Deck Delamination Surveys

Reinforced concrete bridge decks that have visible signs of distress such as spalling,

severe cracking, heavy scaling or unsound areas warrant a deck delamination survey.

Reinforced concrete bridge decks with an NBI deck rating of 5 or less should have a deck

delamination survey performed every 4 years or more frequently as conditions warrant.

Deck delamination surveys shall be conducted using the chain dragging technique of

non-destructive testing. For the safety of the inspection team, traffic control will

typically be required when performing a delamination survey on bridge decks unless

traffic volumes are very low.


May 2016

Bridge decks with an asphalt concrete overlay, concrete or epoxy overlay or bare

concrete with a National Bridge Inventory (NBI) deck rating greater than 5 do not

require a delamination survey.

Scour

All bridges that have been determined to be scour critical due to observed conditions (Item 113

= 0, 1, or 2) or due to calculated conditions (Item 113 = 3) shall have a Scour Plan of Action

(POA). The POA will be evaluated by the inspection team during the inspection. The inspection

team may recommend changes to the POA as observed field conditions change. Proposed

changes to the scour (113) to a 0,1,2 or 3 shall be discussed with the Project Manager.

Critical Findings

23 CFR 650.305 states that a critical finding is a structural or safety related deficiency

that requires immediate follow-up inspection or action.

Any critical findings discovered during a structure inspection must be reported to

immediately. The inspector shall call 911 and take reasonable actions to limit

operations of the bridge if there is a collapse risk. The City Program Manager will notify

ADOT who will in turn notify the FHWA. The FHWA will review the critical follow-up

reports prepared by the bridge inspector and track the progress to verify that the self-

inspecting agency promptly reported needed repairs and completed the repairs within a

reasonable period. ADOT can find the City of Phoenix to be in noncompliance if it fails

to provide timely notifications of a critical finding.

Field Inspection Documentation

Field inspection documentation shall be clear and detailed to the extent that notes, sketches

and photographs can be fully interpreted later by fellow inspection personnel. All signs of

distress and deterioration should be noted with sufficient detail and accuracy so that future

inspectors can readily make a comparison of present conditions. Photographs shall be taken of

any significant distress or deterioration.

Field notes shall be written in report format, existing condition statements shall be updated to

the conditions observed in the current inspection, Element and NBI data shall be entered into

the current version of AASHTOWare Bridge Management (BrM), and validated prior to leaving

the bridge site. Photos shall be reviewed for quality and accuracy at the structure at the

conclusion of the inspection. Notes and repair recommendations will also be entered into the

AASHTOWare Bridge Management in the field. All documentation including photo logs and

work recommendations shall be in the Arial 12 point font.

NBI condition and appraisal ratings shall be based on the directives contained in, “The Recording

and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges, December

1995” or subsequent updates.


May 2016

The AASHTO Bridge Element Inspection Manual 2013 and supplemental elements as defined

shall be used by inspectors working in the City of Phoenix.

Inspection notes are typed in a Word document and will be copied into BrM for the final report.

The file name of the document shall consist of the 5 digit structure number including leading

zeros followed by the letter corresponding to the inspection year. Example: 09784JNotes.doc

Report Categories

Inspection notes describing the conditions observed during the inspection shall be grouped by

structure components. Each note shall be numbered and preceded with an alpha character for

the component category. For example, “Deck Component” conditions are numbered D1, D2,

D3, etc. The following are the typical structure component categories and the alpha character

associated with each condition note:

General – G

Deck component - D

Superstructure component - P

Substructure component - B

Approach - A

Waterway - W

Culvert - C

Entry Notes

Entry notes are used to identify equipment, traffic control, attendants, boats and other items

necessary for the inspection. Example: Traffic control and 60' man lift used with fall protection.

Aviation supplied 1 escort plus off-duty City of Phoenix officer with cruiser.

Structure Notes

Structure notes are used to describe the structure type. Example: 143 foot long simple span

cast-in-place post-tensioned concrete box-girder bridge on reinforced concrete seat type

abutments on spread footings.

Inspection Notes

Inspection notes are used to provide miscellaneous information to the inspectors at the next

inspection. Example: Heavy vegetation and sediment in barrels. Top side inspected 9-20-07;

Bottom side inspected 10-3-07

Load Rating – If no load rating information is available, enter 36 tons for the Inventory and 60 tons for the Operating Ratings.


May 2016

Inspection Reporting Procedures

General A bridge inspection report is an engineering document that should be written using appropriate

technical terminology. Technical descriptions should be complete, detailed yet concise and

quantitative (where possible). The completed inspection report reflects the current bridge

conditions and must be printed and signed by the engineer responsible for the inspection. A

professional engineers (P.E.) seal is required on all Bridge Inspection Reports.

Abbreviations

No abbreviations shall be used in the final reports.

Report Procedures

Notes Day

The bridge inspection reports and photos are reviewed in final form on the last business day of

the field inspection week. The inspection team will clean up, as needed, written inspection

notes, repair recommendations and photo descriptions in BrM. All field data entries shall be

reviewed for accuracy, completeness and blank entries. The Validation Check in BrM shall be run

and all validation errors shall be corrected if possible. Quantities and descriptions for elements

in lower condition states shall be verified. Questions and unresolved issues arising during the

week’s inspections shall be brought to the attention of the Program Manager for discussion and

resolution. The Goal of Notes Day is to make all necessary reviews and revisions to the weeks

inspection reports so that they are ready for final printing.

Draft Report

Upon completion of the draft report by the Team Leader, the Consultant Project Manager shall

review the draft report. Comments that the Consultant Project Manager cannot resolve shall be

provided to the Team Leader to be addressed and incorporated into the reports. After all

comments are properly addressed in the report, a copy shall be printed to submit to the City

Program Manager for review.

Upon receipt of a draft report from the Consultant Project Manager, the City Program Manager

may make comments directly on the COP draft report in red ink. Upon completion of the City

Program Manager’s review, the reports shall be returned the report to the Consultant Project

Manager to be addressed.

Final Report

Upon receipt of the inspection report comments from the City Program Manager, the

Consultant Contract Manager shall incorporate the comments into the report or provide written

clarification to the City why the changes will not be made.

After all comments are properly addressed in the report, a Final copy of the report shall be printed for submittal to the City Program Manager.


May 2016

Resolution of Data Errors and/or Omissions

As a result of quality control procedures and quality assurance reviews of the inspection reports

and data, errors will inevitably be discovered that are significant enough to warrant changes to

the reports and database.

To the extent possible, all errors and data omissions identified through the quality

control procedures shall be corrected during notes day or during the draft review

stages.

Review of NBI Data to check for errors shall be performed prior to submitting data to

FHWA.

Changes to the inspection procedures and commonly occurring errors that are identified

through the quality assurance reviews shall be communicated to the inspection teams

and the Consultant Project Manager during annual training and within two weeks of the

inspection QA review so that the findings can be quickly incorporated into the

inspection procedures.

Inspection Photos

General

The following is general guidance related to bridge inspection photos:

Inspection personnel should strive to obtain the best possible photographs with utmost clarity and exposure.

Photos should include a scale such as a folding ruler whenever possible

Photographs should be referenced in inspection notes. The only exceptions are the following five standard photograph types (A-E defined below)

Inspectors should not refer to photographs taken during previous inspections. Instead, new photographs should be taken.

Inspection personnel should not take an excessive number of photographs of a typical

problem. For example, a single typical photograph of similar cracks would suffice

Digital Format The following format shall be used for all photo files:

Stored in JPEG format in an individual file for each photo

Minimum pixel size shall be 1024 x 780.

Maximum file size should be between 500 and 1,000 Megabytes.

Naming Convention The following naming convention shall be used on all photos:

All file names must contain 14 digits

The first five digits should indicate the structure number including leading zeros

The next 8 digits are the date of the photo in YYYYMMDD format

The last digit id an capital alpha letter sequencer (A-Z)

Example: photo #1 taken for structure 01234 taken on January 25th 2016 (0123420160125A.JPG)


May 2016

Typical Photographs

Typical Inspection Photos

Alpha

Character

Photo Type How to take Notes

A

Roadway Approaches –

Looking North or East

Take from roadway if

safe or from side of

road

Frame photo so rails

are both visible at

edges of photo frame.

B

Roadway Approaches –

Looking South or West

Take from roadway if

safe or from side of

road

Frame photo so rails

are both visible at

edges of photo frame.

C

Elevation Looking South

or East

Take from within

channel is safe

otherwise from the

bank

Frame photos so both

abutments can be

seen in the frame if

possible.

D

Elevation Looking North

or West

Take from within

channel is safe

otherwise from the

bank

Frame photos so both

abutments can be

seen in the frame if

possible

E

Typical Soffit Photo Take from the

roadway under,

channel as

appropriate. No

culverts

Show the full width of

typical section if

possible

As Needed

Channel/waterway

Photos

Required from the

deck looking up and

down stream in

washes

Lined channels shall

be taken only when

conditions have

changed

As Needed

Deteriorated conditions Photos should be

taken once for each

item where the

element is in

condition state 2 or

higher or work is

recommended

Photos include bridge

ID and a scale at a

minimum if possible.

Substructure elements

should show flow

direction where

appropriate.

As Needed Other Photos Other situations were appropriate to enhance

the report text or document noted items.


May 2016

Photo Log A Photo Log shall be kept as photographs are taken. The log shall be written in a format suitable

for the photo title in the final report. Additionally, the log must be written in a neat and legible

format with a minimum of abbreviations. All photos shall include the following information

documented using the Photo Log Form:

Bridge Identification Number

Date of Photo

Location on the bridge

Description of the element or problem or both

The field photo log shall be transferred to a Microsoft Word document for use in entering the

photos and descriptions into BrM. The file name of the document shall consist of the 5 digit

structure number including leading zeros followed by the letter corresponding to the inspection

cycle and the word “Photolog”. Example: 09784JPhotolog.doc

The following is a sample of the format and content of a typical photo log:

Photo Print Order

Photos shall be printed out on the report in accordance with the alpha designation shown in the

typical photos section of this manual.


May 2016

Work Recommendations

All repair recommendations will be made in BrM under the Work Tab of the inspection module.

Type of Work BrM provides a pick list of typical work activities to properly classify the work.

Candidate Id The default name shall be changed to a sequential alpha character, i.e. A, B, C. Work ID values

must be unique in the database. If you encounter a problem saving progress to the next letter

until the save is achieved.

Structure Unit Structure unit typically is listed as “All Units”. Only if the bridge is coded in different structural

sections or units would you use a unit ID.

Element Select the AASHTO Element for this work recommendation if appropriate.

Action Types Actions are typical bridge repair and rehabilitation type actions. Refer to Appendix F for typical

bridge actions and costs.

Priority A maintenance priority shall be assigned to each repair activity:

High – Work that should be done with in One (1) Year

Moderate – Work that should be done with in One (1) to Five (5) Years

Low – Work that should be done in Five (5) or more years

Date Recommended Enter the date the recommendation is being made. If the recommendation is repeated in a

subsequent inspection report but not changed, leave the original date recommended. If any

changes are made to the recommendation, change the date recommended to the current date.

Target Year Target year for work to be done should match the convention for Priority. Generally, the target

year will be the latest future date that still maintains the safe use of the structure.

Work Assignment Enter whether a contractor or City force will do the work. In general City forces only do asphalt

repair and non-structural concrete repair.

Status This is the state of this work candidate moving forward to actual construction. You will always

select Item 1 – Under review when first making a work recommendation. This item can later be

changed by the City Program Manager once the work item has been assigned to a project.


May 2016

Estimated Cost Enter the estimated cost of work for the recommended action. Include cost for design,

construction and project management. When estimating the cost of repair to a girder element,

consideration is given to the type of damage, the implications of that damage, and how it will be

repaired. For example, cracks in a prestressed girder indicate loss of prestressing force and a

reduced load capacity. Although the cracks may be localized, the entire girder is affected and

the entire girder quantity must be replaced to restore the original load capacity.

In contrast, a minor spall in a prestressed girder does not affect the girder strength and the

repair is estimated based on repair of the localized spall. Typical cost ranges for actions can be

found in Appendix F.

Work Recommendation Notes

Enter detailed notes for type of work to be done as well as the location of the repair. These

notes should include what needs to be done, where the work is needed, and how the repairs are

to generally be performed.

Clearance Diagrams

The clearance diagram shall graphically document lateral and vertical clearances. The following

guidelines should be adhered to when preparing clearance diagrams:

Vertical clearances shall be measured from items attached to the superstructure such as lights

and signs if they result in lower vertical clearances.

Depending on accessibility and the type of inspection that is being performed, the inspector may

not be able to verify the previous measurements. In that event, this should be noted in the

inspection report

Lateral under-clearance should be measured from edge of travel lane to:

The face of an obstruction such as pier, abutment walls, traffic barrier, or face of curb;

for relatively flat ground.

The toe of slopes steeper than 1:3, regardless of whether the slope is going up or down.

The inspector should be aware that widened structures may require new vertical and horizontal

clearance measurements.

Channel Profiles

The Channel Profile Diagram shall graphically document the cross-section profile underneath the bridge. The diagram is required for natural bottom channels and not required for concrete lined channels. Channel profiles shall record both upstream and downstream elevations at all substructure elements and every 25 feet along the span or a quarter points in the span for longer spans. The location of the edges of the main channel should be identified along with the channel elevation.


May 2016

Sketches

Sketches should be prepared whenever they are needed to better illustrate a condition encountered during the field inspection. A field condition that cannot be appropriately documented with photographs and written observations would require a sketch to be generated. An example of a needed sketch is when the inspector is trying to convey deteriorated areas of a bridge deck. A sketch could delineate and show dimensions of the affected areas. Another situation that may require a sketch is collision damage to a girder.

As-Bulit Plan, Elevation and Cross Section Drawings

Plan view, elevation and cross section drawings for each structure shall be created, verified

during the inspection, and modified as needed to show the most current information. The CAD

draft person shall edit or create, as needed, plan view, elevation and cross section sketches for

each structure. See Appendix E for the Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) specifications.


May 2016

Inspection Deliverables

Electronic Inspection Data

Updated BrM inspection data.

CD or flash drive of digital photographs and digital photo logs

CD or flash drive of Location Maps and Sketches

PDF file of all inspection reports

Bridge Inspection Reports

Location Map

Sketches

Element Inspection Information

Inspection Notes

Structure Inventory & Appraisal Data

Repair Recommendations

Photographs

Copy of Field Notes

Scour Analysis Form (if applicable)

Scour Plan of Action (if applicable)

Streambed Profile (if applicable)

Load Rating Report (if applicable)

Copy of Permits (if applicable)

Special Inspection and Load Rating Reports

Special Inspection reports detail the findings of any special inspection done during the

inspection cycle shall be submitted in a separate bound book or binder.

Load Rating Calculations 23 CFR 650.313(c) requires inspecting agencies to rate each bridge for its safe load-carrying capacity in accordance with the AASHTO MBE, as referenced in 23 CFR 650.317(b). Once the safe load carrying capacity has been determined it would not typically change unless field observations warrant a recalculation. Common field observations that would warrant a new load capacity analysis include:

Structural modifications (widening, strengthening, etc.)

Field observed deterioration, section loss, decay or similar

Damage to structural members from any source

Scour

Placement of an overlay The inspector is responsible for determining the need for an initial calculation or recalculation of

the safe load capacity of each bridge based on field observations safe and a review of bridge

record. The safe load carrying capacity must be established or reaffirmed as part of a complete

inspection report in order to maintain the safe use of the bridge and to substantiate posting and

permit decisions. The load capacity calculation may be performed by someone other than the


May 2016

Team Leader for the inspection; however the engineer sealing the report shall be responsible for

the combined information presented in the bridge inspection report.

Quality Assurance Reviews The purpose of the Quality Assurance Program is to evaluate program effectiveness, uniformity,

and compliance with federal, state and city requirements related to bridge inspections.

Quality assurance can be defined as the steps taken to insure that the work is being performed

in accordance with established procedures by qualified inspectors who are properly trained to

perform the work. Quality assurance reviews may recommend inspector training, changes in

policy, and program improvements or other warranted findings that in aggregate will make the

program better.

Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities

City Program Manager

The City of Phoenix Program Manager shall be responsible for ensuring that the defined quality

assurance reviews are conducted on an annual schedule and to the extent defined in the quality

control/quality assurance plan. The Consultant Project Manager shall develop the annual listing

of structures to be included in the quality assurance reviews. The findings from the quality

assurance reviews should be reviewed and acted upon by the City Program Manager.

Consultant Project Manager

The Consultant Project Manager shall be familiar with the quality assurance plan and shall

advise consultant inspectors of the potential for quality assurance reviews of their work. Quality

assurance reviews that indicate repeated findings from a Consultant Inspector will be

communicated to the Consultant Project Manager for appropriate action.

Team Leaders and Bridge Inspectors

The Bridge Inspectors shall conduct structure inspections in accordance with the quality control

/ quality assurance plan. Bridge Inspectors shall cooperate with the quality assurance evaluator.

The Bridge Inspector shall receive feedback from the quality assurance reviews in a positive and

constructive manner.

Quality Assurance Evaluator

The Quality Assurance Evaluator shall work with the City Program Manager to select the

structures for annual quality assurance reviews. The QA evaluator shall conduct quality

assurance reviews in an objective and professional manner. The QA evaluator shall

communicate the findings from their reviews to the City Program Manager in a timely manner.

Quality Assurance Sample Size and Sampling Method


May 2016

Each year a representative sampling of structures shall be selected for quality assurance

reviews. The minimum sampling size shall be 10% of annual inspections. Following the

completion of each inspection cycle, approximately 15-20 structures will be selected for post

inspection quality assurance reviews. The QA reviews will utilize the form shown in appendix H.

Selection of Sample

The specific structures selected for the annual sample can be based on a number of criteria.

Consideration should be given to structures that have load postings, significant work needs,

rapid changes in condition, difficult access, critical findings, lower sufficiency ratings, scour

vulnerability and structures that have undergone major construction. In general the sample

should mirror the composition of the inventory.

Post Inspection QA Reviews

Post inspection quality assurance reviews consist of an independent inspection conducted by a

quality assurance team to determine the accuracy of a past inspection. The findings of the

quality assurance team are typically displayed side by side with the inspector’s findings. Quality

assurance reviews evaluate the accuracy and completeness of the inspection, data quality,

condition assessment, inspection findings and conclusions, work recommendations, etc.

The goal of the quality assurance reviews is to validate and improve the inspection program.

The reviews will focus on the following general areas of interest:

Did the inspector recognize field conditions accurately?

Are defect locations accurately reported?

Is the inspection documentation of defects complete?

Is the overall organization and presentation of inspection findings complete and clear?

Are critical findings accurately noted?

Are the recommendations for repair appropriate?

Is the NBI data and element inspection information accurate and complete?

The Post Inspection QA evaluations shall be documented using the form shown in (Appendix H).

Quality Assurance Findings

Report to Owner

All quality assurance reviews shall include a completed signed quality assurance review form

documenting the findings and recommended actions. The City Program Manager shall evaluate

the nature of the quality assurance review recommendations and take the appropriate actions.

The City Program Manager shall also keep a going log of completed quality assurance review

forms as part of the documented quality control and quality assurance plan as required by

federal regulations.


May 2016

Disqualification Protocol/Reinstatement

In the event that the quality assurance reviews have critical findings or repeated findings

involving the same inspector, the City Program Manager at their discretion may disqualify an

inspector from performing inspection work for the remainder of the inspection contract period.

Benefits of QA Reviews to the Program

Inspector Training Needs

The quality assurance evaluations shall capture QA findings and feed them back into annual

training and refresher in an effort to improve the inspection consistency and quality.

Policy Changes

The quality assurance inspections may identify policy changes that should be considered by the

City for improvement in the program. Recommended policy changes shall be communicated by

the QA evaluation team in a written summary report to the City.

Program Changes

The program quality assurance reviews will evaluate post inspection program management.

Findings from the program reviews may identify potential improvement areas.


May 2016

Appendices

Appendix A – Inspector Qualification’s

Appendix B – Confined Entry Definitions and Entry Flowchart

Appendix C – Quarterly Inspection Progress Report Template

Appendix D – Vertical and Horizontal Clearance Diagram Template

Appendix E – CAD Drawing Specifications

Appendix F – Repair Actions and Unit Costs

Appendix G – Field Inspection Reference Guide

Appendix H –Post Inspection QA Review Form

Appendix I – Dust Control Information

Appendix J – Bridge Closure Plan

Appendix K - Agency Developed Elements


May 2016

Appendix A – Documentation of Inspector Qualifications Applicant Name Office Phone

Address Cell Phone

City State Zip

E-mail Firm

Refer to the Quality Control section for required qualifications. Forward a copy of this form to

the City Program Manager for each proposed inspection team member.

PART I - REGISTRATION/TRAINING - Complete All Information

Registered Professional Engineer: Yes (Number).______________ No. _________

NICET Level III or IV: Yes (Number).______________ No.__________

(Attach copies of licenses or certificates)

List all relevant bridge inspection training courses completed (Attach certificates)

Inspection Training Course Course

Hours

Date

Completed Firm and Instructor

NHI Safety Inspection of in Service

Bridges

CITY PROGRAM MANAGER APPROVAL USE ONLY! - DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE.

[ ] NHI Based 80-Hour Training Course Certificate [ ] Experience Reviewed/Verified

[ ] Physical [ ] Confined Spaces [ ] Lift Certified

Qualified As

[ ] Program Manager [ ] Team Leader [ ] Bridge Inspector [ ] Assistant Inspector

Reviewed By

Program Manager

Assigned User ID Date:


May 2016

Part II – INSPECTION EXPERIENCE

A minimum of 5 years of responsible bridge inspection experience or 2 years of inspection

experience in the COP Program for Team Leaders and 10 years bridge inspection experience for

Program Managers must be shown.

Bridge Safety Inspection Field Experience

Please state your experience with various types of bridges (i.e., steel girders, concrete girders,

trusses, slabs, prestressed, girders, culverts, movable bridges, other complex structures, etc.).

Date

from

Date

to

Describe bridge and inspection types Reference name and

phone number

Duration and

% of time*

* Percent of year devoted to bridge safety inspection field work.

I, the undersigned, affirm that all statements and data in Parts I and II are true and correct. I

understand that any misrepresentation is cause to bar you from inspection within the City of

Phoenix and may constitute fraud that will be punishable to the full extent of the law.

Applicant Signature__________________________________________Date________________


May 2016

Appendix B – Entry Classifications

Entry Class

Potential Hazards Entry Notes and Equipment

Class 1 No anticipated hazards. Proceed with inspection as needed. Use equipment list 1

Class 2 No hazards expected other than debris and/or biohazards.

Debris is small and/or puncture hazards minimal - proceed with caution. Equipment list 2a Debris is hazardous. • Can be rescheduled - Remove and clean area. • Can not be rescheduled - Treat as Class 5 with addition of equipment list 5b Biohazard includes dead animals • Small in size - Equipment list 2b • Large in size - Reschedule and have removed

Class 3 Water hazards (not confined space).

Water < 12 inches - Equipment list 3a • Water > 12 inches, but 3 feet - Equipment list 3b - use extra caution for debris and hidden puncture hazards. • Water > 3 feet - Equipment list 5a and treat as Class 5 entry.

Class 4 Area contains hazards likely to cause serious health or safety risks. These include, but are not limited to: electrical hazards

Slippery surfaces

Falls from height

Piping of chemicals or waste water through enclosed areas, etc.

These areas do not meet the definitions for confined spaces, but present hazards frequently encountered in confined spaces and should be handled accordingly.

Electrical hazards should be inspected for damage and/or exposed wiring. • Exposed high voltage electrical wiring of leaking pipes should be reported and repaired prior to inspection, area is not safe to enter, See Class 7. • Work may proceed around high voltage lines in good condition, provided 10' clearance from lines can be maintained. If clearance can not be maintained, notify appropriate utility for lockout tag out. • Pipe lines containing hazardous material should be inspected for damage and leaks. • Pipe lines that are damaged and/or leaking should be reported and repaired prior to inspection; area is not safe to enter, See Class 7. • Animal waste (pigeon droppings). • Idea situation is to have area cleaned prior to inspections (rarely practical). If cleaned, inspect using normal equipment. • Area not cleaned. Use equipment list 4a. Avoid contact as much as possible. • Fall Hazards. • Working from lift equipment. Use equipment list 4b and Aerial Lift Device Daily Pre-Operation inspection form. • Working on steep slopes or from sides of structures. Use equipment list 4c. • Other hazards. Use appropriate judgment to identify hazards and employ appropriate countermeasures.


May 2016

Entry Class

Potential Hazards Entry Notes and Equipment

Class 5 These areas contain one or more of the definitions of a Permit-Required Confined Space

Potential hazardous atmosphere

Engulfment hazard

Converging walls or tapering floors

Any other recognized serious hazard

BUT, does not meet the definition of a confined space (i.e., is large enough so that an employee can bodily enter and perform work, has restricted egress or exits, and not designed for human occupancy). This may include waterway inspection under structures in which water is over 3 feet deep or in culverts in which the clear opening is < 4 feet. • Water hazard > 3 feet deep. Use equipment list 5a and have an attendant. • Culverts with clear opening < 4 feet. Use equipment list 5b and have an attendant.

Class 6 These areas meet the definitions of a confined space, as listed in Class 5, and meet one or more of the definitions of a permit-required confine space entry (PRCSE).

The inspector should not enter this space until the hazard has been addressed and an appropriate entry plan is made with the assistance of confined space and rescue professionals.

Class 7 Area is not safe to enter, hazard present.

Atmosphere deviates from normal and can NOT be ventilated to 0% deviation.

Electrical or chemical hazard present.

Other hazards

The inspector should not enter this space until the hazard has been addressed and an appropriate entry plan is made with the assistance of confined space and rescue professionals.


May 2016

Typical Entry Equipment

List 1 Hard hat, Gloves, Phone, Work boots, Protective glasses, Flash light

List 2a Long sleeve shirt, Gas meter

List 2b Gas meter, Particulate Respirator, Eye Protection, Dust Suite, Rubber Gloves

List 3a 12" boots or hip waders

List 3b Hip waders, Range pole

List 4a Particulate respirator, Gas meter, Goggles, Rubber Gloves

List 4b Fall protection harness, Shock absorbing lanyard

List 4c Fall protection harness, Safety line, Other climbing gear, tripod w/ rescue Winch2

List 5a Boots, Life vests, Safety line, Attendant, Radio1

List 5b Gas meter, Radio, Cellular phone, Attendant


May 2016

Confined Entry Flow Chart


May 2016

Appendix C - Quarterly Inspection Progress Report Template


May 2016

Appendix D – Vertical Clearance Diagram Example

Page ___ of ___

Supplemental Page to Bridge Inspection Report

Roadway Under Looking ________ on _________________

Minimum Vertical Clearance

Date

Initials

Clearance

Structure Name

Structure Number

Roadway Under

Roadway On

Traffic


May 2016

Appendix E - CAD Drawing Specifications The base template will consist of 2 or 3 panels 8.5 units by 11.0 units.

Frames

Frame 1 is the Plan View

Frame 2 is Location Map

Frame 3 (if needed) is for sketch locating deficiencies noted in inspection report.

Layers

0 - Leave this layer blank.

Frame - Outside border for Frames 1 & 2.

Map - Location Map, City Bird, North Arrow and Title Block.

Notes - Dimensions and notes for use of this drawing (not to be displayed Final)

Sketch - Outside boarder for Frame 3, Sketch locating deficiencies

Plan_View - Plan Elevation, Longitudinal Section, Transverse Section, City Bird, North

Arrow and Title Block.

CAD Drawing Notes: All Bridge numbers are 5 digits and shall include the leading zeros. Example: 07600 is correct;

7600 is incorrect. This is the number that is used in the title block, as a file name and on all

reports for this structure.

When a zoom extents command is performed in AutoCAD (with all layers on) the view seen

must be limited to the outside boards and inside contents. All drawings shall be done in model

space, never use page space. Use of additional layers in final drawings must be approved prior

to submission of cad files.


May 2016

Bridge Information

Bridge Identification Bridge Name Year Built

Feature Intersected


May 2016

Tra

ffic

Channel or Traffic Under

Bridge Plan

Approach Roadway Width

Bridge Rail Length_________________________

RC Approach Rail Length____________________

Pedestrian Rail Length______________________

Joint Length______________________________

Approach Slabs ___________________________

Wearing Surface Type & Thickness ____________


May 2016

Appendix F – Repair Actions and Unit Costs


May 2016


May 2016

Appendix G – Field Inspection Reference Guide (Next 7 Pages)


May 2016


May 2016

Appendix H – Post Inspection QA Review Form

BRIDGE INFORMATION

INSPECTION TEAM INFORMATION Inspection Date Bridge Inspection Team Members

Type of Inspection Complexity of Inspection Inspection Note Taker

QUALITY ASSURANCE TEAM INFORMATION

QA Inspection Date QA Inspection Team Members

NBI COMPARATIVE REVIEW

Bridge Identification Bridge Name Year Built

Facility Carried Feature Intersected General Condition

Inspect Team

QA Team

QA Review Comments

Structure Status (41)

Bridge Posting (70)

Inventory Load Rating (66)

Deck Condition (58)

Superstructure Rating (59)

Substructure rating (60)

Culvert Rating (62)

Channel Rating (61)

Wearing Surface (108)

Wearing Surface Thickness (in)

Lanes On/Under (28)

ADT (on) (29)

Deck Area (sq ft)

Traffic Safety Features (36)

Bypass Detour Length (19)

Bridge Roadway Width (51)

Appr. Roadway Width (32)

Appr Rdwy Alignment (72):

Vertical Clearance (53/69)

Main Span Material (43a)

Main Span Design Type (43b)

Approach Span Type (44)

Waterway Adequacy (71)

Scour Code (113)

NBIS Length (112)


ELEMENT MODEL COMPARATIVE REVIEW Use the most recent inspection report to document quality assurance element /defect review QUALITY ASSURANCE NOTES

WORK RECOMMENDATION REVIEW Recommendation Comments

REVIEW EVALUATION (Select One) Complies with established QC procedures. No noted findings

Complies with established QC procedures. Minor findings noted

Does not comply with established QC procedures. Major findings noted. Does not comply with established QC procedures. Critical findings noted.

Quality Assurance Reviewers Signature _________________________________________________________ Date:_______________ Signature _________________________________________________________ Date: _______________


Appendix I – Dust Control Information

The following is a description of three major steps in the dust control process that must be

followed:

1. Obtain a permit - A dust control permit is required for any dust-generating operation

disturbing 0.1 acres (4,356 sq. ft.) or more. Permits are valid for one year. A new permit

application must be submitted if the project extends longer than one year. Please note:

if a permit is not required, dust control measures must still be met. To obtain a permit,

you must submit a permit application with a Dust Control Plan to the Air Quality

Department. To find the application and Dust Control Plan, visit www.maricopa.gov/aq

and click on Dust Control on the home page.

2. Implement your Dust Control Plan - A Dust Control Plan (DCP) must be implemented at

all times (before, during and after operations). Before work commences, be sure you

and your subcontractors understand all responsibilities in the plan. Give a copy of the

DCP to the subcontractors before commencing work (Rule 310 Sec. 401.2b). Have the

permit and DCP available at the job site. The dust control plan requires the permit

holder to identify a primary and a contingency control measure for each dust-generating

operation. If the primary control measure in the DCP proves to be ineffective, the

contingency control measure must be implemented.

3. Monitor and keep records - Monitor and record dust-generating activities frequently to

ensure your dust control plan is being implemented. For samples of daily recordkeeping

logs (and blank forms), visit the Air Quality Department's website.

Training

A Dust Control Training orientation taught by air quality inspectors teaches the basic

requirements of Rule 310. Each session is designed to last about an hour. Contact the Maricopa

County Air Quality Department at 602-506-6734 for training information.

Basic/Comprehensive Classes

Per Rule 310, all sites greater than five acres require a Dust Control Coordinator to be on-site

during dust-generating operations.

Work sites greater than one acre but less than five acres require, at a minimum, one Dust

Control Coordinator who is certified with basic training on-site.

Certifications for basic training, comprehensive training, water truck and water pull drivers may

be obtained via third parties. Visit the Dust Control section of the Air Quality Department's

website at www.maricopa.gov/aq for a list of third party entities which provide these

certification classes.

Project Site Planning


The benefits of early dust control planning can save time, money, resources and can significantly

reduce dust emissions. Project site planning actions to consider include:

Phase your project and plan your site layout to minimize the disturbance of soil

Ensure all subcontractors know who is in charge and understand the requirements for

dust control

Ensure all subcontractors have registered with MCAQD and their registration number is

posted so that it is visible to the public

Designate parking/staging areas and site access points to minimize the amount of

disturbed surface area

Restrict vehicle and equipment access on inactive areas

Re-stabilize disturbed surface areas as they are created

Install wind fences/barriers «50% porosity). Place barriers around storage piles, parking

and equipment staging areas

Post the project sign at the entrance of the job site for sites five acres or larger


Appendix J – Bridge Closure Plan

This appendix establishes proper procedure for the emergency closure of a bridge. Conditions

of eminent failure, severe condition, and serious condition are defined as follows:

Closure Definitions

Eminent Failure

The structural integrity of the bridge is so weakened or undermined that continued live loading could result in failure of the bridge.

Severe Condition

The structural integrity of the bridge is so weakened or undermined that a hazard exists which left unchecked could progress to a bridge failure.

Serious Condition

The structural integrity of the bridge is so weakened or undermined that a hazardous condition is developing. Continued adverse conditions could cause the problem to become severe.

Appropriate Actions:

Condition 1 - Eminent Failure: The field inspector shall be authorized to close the structure

immediately upon determining that a condition of eminent failure exists. The use of city

vehicles, Street Maintenance personnel, barricade companies and police should be employed as

needed to stop traffic from entering onto the bridge.

Once the closure is completed and the area is safe, the inspector shall notify the Deputy Director

of Street Maintenance or next highest Management available of the closure. Complete

documentation of the problem shall be made after all safety precautions and notifications are

made. Documentation shall include photographs, written commentary of the problem and all

actions taken.

Condition 2 - Severe Condition: The field inspector shall notify his/her immediate supervisor or

next highest supervisor available that a severe condition may exist. If deemed necessary, the

inspector should request authorization to order or request barricading and/or police to be on

site in the event that the condition worsens. Further evaluation and monitoring plans should be

set up as soon as necessary safety precautions are taken. Complete documentation of the

problem shall be made after all safety precautions and notifications are made. Documentation

shall include photographs, written commentary of the problem and all actions taken.

Condition 3 - Serious Condition: The field inspector shall document the problem with

photographs and a written commentary. A plan for monitoring the problem and safety

response should also accompany the written commentary. The immediate supervisor or next

highest supervisor available shall be notified as soon as documentation of the problem is

completed.

The inspector is making a subjective evaluation of a field conditions. However, observations and

recommendations should be treated as accurate until further field investigations can be made.

Public safety should always be the first concern over public convenience.


Appendix K - Agency Developed Elements

The City of Phoenix has created a number of custom elements to track various characteristics of

their bridges during the routine inspection process. The custom elements are defined within

this Appendix. For all other elements refer to the American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 2013 Bridge Element Inspection Manual. This appendix will

supersede the AASHTO manual in situations where the elements overlap in definition.

The Agency Custom Elements are organized in the general numerical fashion shown below:

Structural Elements 800 - 839

800 - 814 Deck Related Elements

815 - 829 Superstructure Related Elements

830 - 839 Substructure Related Elements

Railing Elements 860 - 879

860 - 869 Pedestrian Rail Elements

870 - 879 Railing Flags & Miscellaneous

Non-Bridge Elements 880 - 889

Miscellanies Elements 890 – 899


Element #: 800 — Asphalt Wearing Surface Description: All decks/slabs that have overlays made with flexible (asphaltic concrete).

Classification: ADE - Agency Defined Element Units of Measurement: sq.ft.

Quantity Calculation: Area of the deck/slab that is protected by the wearing surface.

Condition State Definitions

Condition States

1 2 3 4

Defects GOOD FAIR POOR SEVERE

Delamination/Patched

Area/Pothole (Wearing

Surfaces)

(3210)

None Patched area that

is sound. Partial

depth pothole.

Patched area that

is unsound or

showing distress.

Full depth

pothole.

The wearing

surface is no

longer effective.

Crack (Wearing

Surface)

(3220)

Sealed Cracks Crack width 0.25–

0.5 inches wide.

Width of more

than 0.5 in. wide

Effectiveness (Wearing

Surface)

(3230)

Fully effective.

No evidence of

leakage or further

deterioration of

the protected

element.

Substantially

effective.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

slowed.

Limited

effectiveness.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

progressed.

Element Commentary Chip seals should be captured using this element.


Element #: 801 — Deck Wearing Surface – Concrete Description: This element is for all decks/slabs that have overlays made with rigid (portland cement)

materials or polyester concrete.

Classification: ADE – Agency Defined Element Units of Measurement: sq.ft.



Condition States

1 2 3 4


Delamination/Spall/Patched

Area (Wearing Surfaces)

(3211)

None Delaminated.

Spall less than 1

in. deep or less

than 6 in.

diameter.

Patched area that

is sound.

Spall 1 in. deep

or greater or 6 in.

diameter or

greater. Patched

area that is

unsound or

showing distress. The wearing

surface is no

longer effective.

Crack (Wearing Surface)

(3221)

Sealed cracks Width 0.012–

0.05 in.

Width of more

than 0.05 in.


Surface)

(3230)

Fully effective.

No evidence of

leakage or

further

deterioration of

the protected

element.

Substantially

effective.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

slowed.

Limited

effectiveness.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

progressed.

Element Commentary An unsound patch is one constructed of AC or other unsuitable material or a concrete patch that is no longer sound.


Element #: 802 — Epoxy Wearing Surface Description: This element is for all decks/slabs that have overlays made with epoxy materials.

Classification: ADE – Agency Defined Element Units of Measurement: sq.ft.



Condition States

1 2 3 4



Area (Wearing Surfaces)

(3212)

None Unbonded area

that is still in

place. Patched

area that is

sound.

Full depth spall

6 in. diameter or

greater. Patched

area that is

unsound or

showing distress. The wearing

surface is no

longer

effective.

Crack (Wearing Surface)

(3222)

Sealed cracks Width 0.012–

0.05 in.

Width of more

than 0.05 in.


Surface)

(3230)

Fully effective.

No evidence of

leakage or

further

deterioration of

the protected

element.

Substantially

effective.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

slowed.

Limited

effectiveness.

Deterioration of

the protected

element has

progressed.

Element Commentary An unsound patch is one constructed of AC or other unsuitable material or a concrete patch that is no longer sound.


Element #: 860 — Metal Pedestrian Railing

Description: This element defines all types and shapes of metal pedestrian railing. Steel, aluminum,

metal beam, rolled shapes, etc. will all be considered part of this element.

Classification: ADE – Agency Defined Element Units of Measurement: ft.

Quantity Calculation: Quantity is the total length of metal pedestrian rails. The element quantity is

measured from the beginning of the bridge to the end of bridge if no approach slabs are present. If

approach slabs are present the measurement is from end to end of approach slabs.


Condition States

1 2 3 4


Corrosion

(1000)

None Freckled Rust.

Corrosion of the

steel has initiated.

Section loss is

evident or pack

rust is present but

does not warrant

structural review.

The condition

warrants a

structural review

to determine the

effect on strength

or serviceability

of the element or

bridge; OR a

structural review

has been

completed and the

defects impact

strength or

serviceability of

the element or

bridge.

Cracking

(1010)

None Crack that has self

arrested or has

been arrested with

effective arrest

holes, doubling

plates, or similar.

Identified crack

exists that is not

arrested but does

not warrant

structural review

Connection

(1020)

Connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Loose fasteners or

pack rust without

distortion is

present but the

connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Missing bolts,

rivets, broken

welds, fasteners or

pack rust with

distortion but does

not warrant a

structural review.

Distortion

(1900)

None Distortion not

requiring

mitigation or

mitigated

distortion.

Distortion that

requires

mitigation that has

not been

addressed but

does not warrant

structural review.

Element Commentary Coatings shall not be used on pedestrian rails


Element #: 861 —Reinforced Concrete Pedestrian Railing Description: This element defines all types and shapes of reinforced concrete pedestrian railing. All

elements of the railing must be concrete.


Quantity Calculation: Quantity is the total length of reinforced concrete pedestrian rails. The element

quantity is measured from the beginning of the bridge to the end of bridge if no approach slabs are

present. If approach slabs are present the measurement is from end to end of approach slabs.


Condition States

1 2 3 4



Area

(1080)

None Delaminated.

Spall 1 in. or less

deep or 6 in. or

less in diameter.

Patched area that

is sound.

Spall greater

than 1 in. deep or

greater than 6 in.

diameter.

Patched area that

is unsound or

showing distress.

Does not warrant

structural

review.

The condition

warrants a

structural review

to determine the

effect on strength

or serviceability

of the element or

bridge; OR a

structural review

has been

completed and the

defects impact

strength or

serviceability of

the element or

bridge.

Exposed Rebar

(1090)

None Present without

measurable

section loss.

Present with

measurable

section loss, but

does not warrant

structural

review.

Efflorescence/Rust Staining

(1120)

None Surface white

without build-up

or leaching

without rust

staining.

Heavy build-up

with rust

staining.

Cracking (RC and Other)

(1130)

Insignificant

cracks or

moderate width

cracks that have

been sealed.

Unsealed

moderate width

cracks or

unsealed

moderate pattern

(map) cracking.

Cracks from .012

to 0.05 inches

wide.

Wide cracks or

heavy pattern

(map) cracking.

Cracks greater

than 0.05 inches

wide.

Element Commentary The inspector should use judgment when utilizing the condition state defect definitions, especially

for concrete cracking. The crack defect description definitions describe generalized distress, but

the inspector should consider width, spacing, location, orientation, and structural or non-structural

nature of the cracking. The inspector should consider exposure and environment when evaluating

crack width. In general reinforced concrete cracks less than 0.012 inches can be considered

insignificant and a defect is not warranted. Cracks ranging from .012 to 0.05 inches can be

considered moderate, and cracks greater than 0.05 inches can be considered wide.


Element #: 862 — Timber Pedestrian Railing Description: This element defines all types and shapes of timber pedestrian railing.


Quantity Calculation: Quantity is the total length of timber pedestrian rails. The element quantity is




Condition States

1 2 3 4


Connection

(1020)

Connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Loose fasteners or

pack rust without

distortion is

present but the

connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Missing bolts,

rivets, broken

welds, fasteners or

pack rust with

distortion but does

not warrant a

structural review.

The condition

warrants a

structural review

to determine the

effect on strength

or serviceability

of the element or

bridge; OR a

structural review

has been

completed and the

defects impact

strength or

serviceability of

the element or

bridge.

Decay/Section Loss

(1140)

None Affects less than

10% of the

member section

Affects 10% or

more of the

member but does

not warrant

structural review.

Check/Shake

(1150)

Surface

penetration less

than 5% of the

member thickness

regardless of

location.

Penetrates 5% -

50% of the

thickness of the

member and not

in a tension zone.

Penetrates more

than 50% of the

thickness of the

member or more

than 5% of the

member thickness

in a tension zone.

Does not warrant

structural review.

Crack (Timber)

(1160)

None. Crack that has

been arrested

through effective

measures.

Identified crack

exists that is not

arrested, but does

not require

structural review

Split/Delamination

(Timber)

(1170)

None Length less than

the member depth

or arrested with

effective actions

taken to mitigate.

Length equal to or

greater than the

member depth,

but does not

require structural

review.

Abrasion/Wear

(Timber)

(1180)

None or no

measurable

section loss

Section loss less

than 10% of the

member thickness

Section loss 10%

or more of the

member thickness

but does not

warrant structural

review.


Element #: 863 — Other Pedestrian Railing Description: This element defines all types and shapes of pedestrian railing except those defined as

metal, concrete or timber. Pedestrian rails constructed of combinations of materials.


Quantity Calculation: Quantity is the total length of other pedestrian rails. The element quantity is




Condition States

1 2 3 4


Corrosion

(1000)

None Freckled Rust.

Corrosion of

the steel has

initiated.

Section loss is

evident or pack

rust is present

but does not

warrant

structural

review.

The condition

warrants a

structural review

to determine the

effect on strength

or serviceability

of the element or

bridge; OR a

structural review

has been

completed and the

defects impact

strength or

serviceability of

the element or

bridge.

Cracking

(1010)

None Crack that has

self arrested or

has been

arrested with

effective arrest

holes, doubling

plates, or

similar.

Identified crack

exists that is

not arrested but

does not

warrant

structural

review

Connection

(1020)

Connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Loose fasteners

or pack rust

without

distortion is

present but the

connection is in

place and

functioning as

intended.

Missing bolts,

rivets, broken

welds,

fasteners or

pack rust with

distortion but

does not

warrant a

structural

review.


Area

(1080)

None Delaminated.

Spall 1 in. or

less deep or 6

in. or less in

diameter.

Patched area

that is sound.

Spall greater

than 1 in. deep

or greater than

6 in. diameter.

Patched area

that is unsound

or showing

distress. Does

not warrant

structural

review.


Condition States

1 2 3 4


Exposed Rebar

(1090)

None Present without

measurable

section loss.

Present with

measurable

section loss,

but does not

warrant

structural

review.

Efflorescence/Rust Staining

(1120)

None Surface white

without build-

up or leaching

without rust

staining.

Heavy build-up

with rust

staining.

Cracking (RC and Other)

(1130)

Insignificant cracks

or moderate width

cracks that have

been sealed.

Unsealed

moderate width

cracks or

unsealed

moderate

pattern (map)

cracking.

Cracks

from .012 to

0.05 inches

wide.

Wide cracks or

heavy pattern

(map) cracking.

Cracks greater

than 0.05

inches wide.

Deterioration (Other)

(1220)

None Initiated

breakdown or

deterioration.

Significant

deterioration or

breakdown, but

does not

warrant

structural

review.

Distortion

(1900)

None Distortion not

requiring

mitigation or

mitigated

distortion.

Distortion that

requires

mitigation that

has not been

addressed but

does not

warrant

structural

review.

Element Commentary Coatings shall not be used on pedestrian rails.

The inspector should use judgment when utilizing the condition state defect definitions, especially for

concrete cracking. The crack defect description definitions describe generalized distress, but the inspector

should consider width, spacing, location, orientation, and structural or non-structural nature of the cracking.

The inspector should consider exposure and environment when evaluating crack width. In general

reinforced concrete cracks less than 0.012 inches can be considered insignificant and a defect is not

warranted. Cracks ranging from .012 to 0.05 inches can be considered moderate, and cracks greater than

0.05 inches can be considered wide.


Element #: 890 —Painted Steel Coating Description: Steel elements that have a protective coating such as paint, or other top coat steel corrosion

inhibitor.

Classification: ADE – Agency Defined Element Units of Measurement: sq.ft. (surface)

Quantity Calculation: Should include the entire protected surface of the steel element.


Condition States

1 2 3 4


Chalking (Steel Protective

Coatings)

(3410)

None Surface Dulling Loss of Pigment Not

Applicable

Peeling/Bubbling/Cracking

(Steel Protective Coatings)

(3420)

None Finish coats only. Finish and primer

coats

Exposure of

bare metal

Effectiveness (Steel

Protective Coatings)

(3440)

Fully effective Substantially

effective

Limited

effectiveness

Failed, no

protection of

the

underyling

metal

Element Commentary This element shall not be used on bridge or pedestrian rails.


Element #: 891 — Galvanized Coating Description: The element is for steel elements that have a protective galvanized coating system.




Condition States

1 2 3 4




(3420)


coats

Exposure of

bare metal

Oxide Film Degradation

Color/ Texture Adherence


(3430)

Tightly adhered,

capable of

withstanding

hammering or

vigorous wire

brushing.

Granular texture. Small flakes, less

than 1/2 in.

diameter.

Large

flakes, 1/2

in. diameter

or greater or

laminar

sheets or

nodules.



(3440)


effective

Limited

effectiveness

Failed, no

protection of

the

underyling

metal



Element #: 892 — Weathering Steel Coating

Description: Steel elements that have a protective weathering steel coating.




Condition States

1 2 3 4




(3420)


coats

Exposure of

bare metal

Oxide Film Degradation

Color/ Texture Adherence


(3430)

Yellow-orange or

light brown for

early

development.

Chocolate-brown

to purple-brown

for fully

developed.

Granular texture. Small flakes, less

than 1/2 in.

diameter.

Dark black

color.



(3440)


effective

Limited

effectiveness

Failed, no

protection of

the

underyling

metal


city of phoenix bridge inspection policy and procedures

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