city level strategy - sswm...giz asem city level startegy-solid waste sector city sanitation plan...

Technical Assistance: GIZ ASEM

CITY LEVEL STRATEGY June, 2011

City Sanitation Plan for Raipur

RAIPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

GIZ ASEM

CITY LEVEL STARTEGY-SOLID WASTE SECTOR


ALCHEMY URBAN SYSTEMS (P) LTD. 2

LIST OF CONTENTS

LIST OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 2

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Vision for Total Sanitation in Raipur ...................................................................................... 3

1.2.2 Framework .......................................................................................................................... 4

1.2.3 Timeline................................................................................................................................ 5

1.3 Strategy and Planning Approach .......................................................................................... 6

1.4 City Level Goals ...................................................................................................................... 7

1.5 City Level Key Issues, Rationale and Recommendations ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5.1 Key Issue 1 ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.








1.6 Action Plans ........................................................................................................................... 26

1.6.1 Technology Options ........................................................................................................ 26

1.6.2 Financial Options ............................................................................................................. 29

1.6.3 Institutional & Governance Options .............................................................................. 39

1.6.4 Capacity Enhancement & Awareness Generation Options ........................................ 44

1.6.5 Inclusive Approach .......................................................................................................... 47

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.2-1: Assumptions for Strategic Planning ..................................................................................... 5

Table 1.6.1-1: Technology Action Plan.................................................................................................... 26

Table 1.6.2-1: Capital Investment Plan ................................................................................................... 29

Table 1.6.2-2: O&M Expenditure Plan ................................................................................................... 36

Table 1.6.2-3: Tarrif Structure Options ................................................................................................... 37

Table 1.6.2-4: Property Based Tax Options .......................................................................................... 38

Table 1.6.2-5: Financing Source and Related Options ......................................................................... 38

Table 1.6.3-1: Institutional and Governance Action Plan ...................................................................... 40

Table 1.6.4-1: Capacity Enhancement & Awareness Generation Action Plan ................................... 44

Table 1.6.5-1: Inclusive Approach Action Plan ....................................................................................... 48

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CHAPTER 1. CITY LEVEL STRATEGY

Alchemy’s’ primary reconnaissance survey and the secondary baseline data indicate that the

proportion of population fully served by adequate sanitation is relatively low, especially in poor

urban areas. Relatively low percent of the city’s population has access to municipal piped water

supply, access to toilet facilities and access to door to door collection or municipal bins for solid

waste disposal.

It has also been observed that the urban sewerage and drainage systems have inadequate

coverage and where they exist, they are under degradation. Mainly domestic wastewater from

houses is directly discharged to the open drains and then flows to the receiving water bodies’ for

instance, rivers, nallas and the numerous lakes without any treatment. In consequence, self-

purification capacity of receiving water bodies is overloaded and it causes surface and ground

water pollution, causing significant health and economic risks further to reducing the quality of

environment.

MORE THAN EVER, DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN SANITATION SYSTEMS HAS BECOME AN URGENT

NEED.

This chapter on city level strategy looks beyond immediate concerns to consider the wider

environmental impacts of proposed initiatives and activities and shall deal with sanitation problems

in an integrated way rather than in isolation.

1.1 Introduction

The key challenge looming large at the cities is devising an implementation strategy for the City

Sanitation Plan (CSP). The development of the implementation strategy entails detailed planning;

initiatives supported by incentives, guidance system / sound financial systems; innovations; context

specific solutions, prioritization; supportive context; and ownership and leadership. The prime

responsibility of implementation of the CSP rests with Raipur Municipal Corporation (RMC),

however, it is imperative that RMC shall engineer and institutionalize the collaborative efforts of

all stakeholders involved to help achieve the defined goals as part of the implementation strategy.

The implementation strategy is evolved based on the detailed analysis of the situation in the major

sectors of sanitation namely, (a) sewerage; (b) access to sanitation – toilets; (b) (c) storm water (d)

solid waste (please refer to Annexures I to IV). The sanitation mapping, initial and final analysis of

the baseline data, and projection of demand for various sanitation services in the defined sectors

(please refer to Status Report) have helped identify the level of deficiency in respect of sanitation

in Raipur.

A broad city level strategy for implementation of the City Sanitation Plan for Raipur is outlined

along the five strategic pillars, namely, (1) Technology Options; (2) Financial Options; (3)

Institutional and Governance Options; (4) Capacity Enhancement and Awareness Generation

Options; and (5) Inclusive Approach.

1.2 Vision for Total Sanitation in Raipur

The vision shall be that Raipur City in the future shall reflect thus -

All households in the city have their own individual toilets in their premises with adequate water

supply and the entire population has access to toilets in the form of community toilets;

All major public places have adequate number of public toilets in fully serviceable condition;

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The quality of drinking water is improved;

All the waste water generated in the city is collected and conveyed through an appropriate sewer

network to treatment plants, treated to acceptable quality levels and disposed or reused;

All households as well as non-residential users have access either to a door-to-door collection of

garbage or to a municipal collection facility within easy walking distance;

All the solid waste generated in the city is segregated, collected, transported and either processed

for reuse or disposed of in a sanitary landfill;

The entire sanitation system as visualized above is socially, environmentally and economically

sustainable and effectively managed by a capable team in the municipality, maintaining adequate

standards of safety for the workers;

While it is acknowledged that the 100% realization of the above vision will take time, this is the

goal that all strategies and action plans shall work towards.

1.2.1.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The guiding principles for the realization of the vision and hence the defined goals as articulated

above are enumerated below –

Equity

Sustainability – Environmental & Economical

Transparency

Local Adaptability

Improved Public Heath

Inclusive Growth

1.2.2 Framework

The National Urban Sanitation Policy, Chhattisgarh Urban Sanitation Strategy, and the National

Rating and Award Scheme for Sanitation for Indian Cities by Government of India, provide a

good framework for defining the guidelines to prepare the City Sanitation Plan and its

implementation strategy.

INDICATORS AS PER NUSP GUIDELINES FOR CSP

Output Related Proposals to provide safe access to household

sanitation and serve entire population by toilets

Proposals safe disposal of waste water, storm water and solid waste

Proposals to meet the national standards for safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes

Process Related Proposals to ensure the efficient design of the

system in conformity with applicable rules and

regulations

Proposals to ensure clear devolution of

responsibility and accountability in the

institutional system

Proposals to ensure competent documentation of

the operational and monitoring systems

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INDICATORS AS PER NUSP GUIDELINES FOR CSP

Proposals to ensure the formulation of prudent

sanctions for deviances / violations of the

system both at individual / institutional level

and ensure the enactment

Outcome Related Proposals to ensure the systems facilitate and

sustain good public health and environmental

conditions

1.2.3 Timeline

The system shall be designed under the broad framework as per the guidelines for a design

period of 30 years; however, the planning shall entail the implementation of the design in phases

to meet the ultimate goals of the CSP.

The phased approach aims to navigate through the challenges posed by the limitations in

investments, institutional capacities, and community engagement in a proficient manner. The phases

and the corresponding timelines are defined as stated below –

PHASE YEAR

Immediate 2011 - 2013

Short-Term 2011 - 2021

Mid-Term 2011 - 2031

Long-Term 2011 - 2041

TABLE 1.2-1: ASSUMPTIONS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING

Phase/Year



Mid-Term 2011 - 2031

Long-Term 2011 - 2041

Ass

um

ption

s

Efforts initiated to eradicate slums and award land tenure

Achievement of eradication of slums and award of lan-tenure - regular small houses replace slum settlements

Regular Houses for all Regular Houses for all

Efforts initiated towards public outreach and education

80% Literacy rate is achieved



Efforts initiated to generate awareness campains to promote better hygiene and sanitation practices

Citizens adopt the better hygiene and sanitation practices

Citizens adopt the better hygiene and sanitation practices and sustain the systems

Citizens adopt the better hygiene and sanitation practices and sustain the systems

Efforts initiated to regularize the particpatory planning and budgeting

Participatory planning institutionalized



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Phase/Year



Mid-Term 2011 - 2031

Long-Term 2011 - 2041

Ass

um

ption

s

Efforts Initiated to enhance employement rates through local adaptivity and productivity

70% of the population is employed and has regular income



Efforts initiated to promote 3R Principle - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle

Citizens adopt the 3R Principle - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle in all sectors

Water Conservation practices are prevalent; Storm Water Source Control Mechanims are regularized; Reduction/Reuse/Recycle of liquid/solid waste is achieved

Water Conservation practices are prevalent; Storm Water Source Control Mechanims are regularized; Reduction/Reuse/Recycle of liquid/solid waste is achieved

Efforts initiated to provide 135 lpcd water supply to al citizens

Water connections to all has been achieved and 135 lpcd water supply is also achieved



1.3 Strategy and Planning Approach

The development of a strategy and approach is to translate the vision statement articulated above

into reality in a very realistic time horizon. The basic approach proposed here is depicted below –

CITY LEVEL GOALS

Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal ‘n’

CITY LEVEL KEY ISSUES

Key Issue 1 Key Issue 2 Key Issue 3 Key Issue 4 Key Issue 5 Key Issue ‘n’

RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUES

Rationale for

Key Issue 1

Rationale for

Key Issue 2

Rationale for

Key Issue 3

Rationale for

Key Issue 4

Rationale for

Key Issue 5

Rationale for

Key Issue ‘n’

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KEY ISSUES

Recommendations

for Key Issue 1

Recommendations

for Key Issue 2 Recommendations




for Key Issue ‘n’

ACTION PLANS

TECHNOLOGY

OPTIONS

FINANCIAL

OPTIONS INSTITUTIONAL &

GOVERNANCE

CAPACITY

ENHANCEMENT

INCLUSIVE

APPROACH

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1.4 City Level Goals

Goal 1 – 100 % Coverage of the sanitation services – sewerage system, toilets network, storm

water management system, solid waste management system and good quality of drinking water

system infrastructure physically covering all parts of the city;

Goal 2 – 100 % Accessibility to the sanitation services – Inclusive Approach - sewerage system,

access to toilets, storm water management system, solid waste management system and good

quality of drinking water system available to all segments of the city and hence the total

population of the city;

Goal 3 – 100 % Affordability of the sanitation services – Inclusive Approach – the entire

population shall be able to pay the stipulated charges for the various sanitation services and hence

avail the benefits of the sanitation services;

Goal 4 – 100 % Efficiency – planning, design – less technology & capital intensive, operations,

management, monitoring and capacity building for the workers / staff, compliant to desired

service levels shall be achieved

Goal 5 – 100 % Compliant – All pertinent rules and regulations – the citizens as well as the service

providers shall adhere to the regulations laid down in respect of the sanitation services and hence

make the services a viable and sustainable system;

Goal 6 – Promotion of 3R Principle – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle – appropriate mechanisms shall

be adopted to ensure the conservation principles at various levels of the services in order to

minimize the environmental and economic adverse impacts;

Goal 7 – Good Public Health and Environmental Outcomes

Goal 8 – Efficient Cost Recovery Mechanism - Appropriate

1.5 City Level Key Issues

1.5.1 Key Issue 1

Inadequate and deficiently designed, operated & managed individual and community toilets in

the urban poor areas resulting in open defecation and severe health impacts

1.5.1.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 1(REF: SECTION 3.5 & SECTION 5.3; 5.6 - STATUS REPORT )

A total of fifty-seven (57) percent of the urban poor population in the city defecates in the open of which twenty (20)

percent of the urban poor population has no access to any toilets; Eight (8) percent of the urban poor population that

has access to community toilets, fourteen (14) percent of the urban poor population with access to individual toilets

and fifteen (15) percent of the urban poor population with access to both individual and community toilets, still resorts

to open defecation; (Refer to Chapter 3.4 in Status Report). There is one toilet seat per every 463.5 urban poor

users as compared to the national norms of 1 toilet seat per 50 users. Though there are 112 toilet complexes in the

city, thirty (30) percent of the community toilets are shut down during the summer owing to lack of water supply to

operate and maintain the facilities. The restricted timings (8 am – 8 pm) in the community toilets is also forcing the

people to defecate in open. The toilets designed are neither gender sensitive nor handicapped and elderly users

friendly. Family cards restricting 5 users from a family where the average household size is 7 are issued for usage of

the community toilets forces the extra members to defecate in open. It is reported that there were 627 cases of

water borne diseases in the city as a result of poor sanitation and unhygienic conditions in the city (Ref: Table 5.8 in

Status report). There is lack of proper monitoring mechanisms from the municipal corporation ensuring adequate

service delivery. Financial mechanisms are also inadequate to support new service provisions and continued service

delivery

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FIGURE 1: AREAS WITH OPEN DEFECATION

1.5.1.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR KEY ISSUE 1 Immediate Action Directives

It is recommended to release a notice to invite expression of interest for the design, rehabilitate and upgrade the existing toilet facilities on a Rehabilitate, Operate and Transfer (ROT) basis on a People Public

Private Participation (PPPP1) mode in the immediate phase with a horizon of year 2013 in the wards listed

below. The community toilet facilities in the listed wards are in need of repairs and have inadequate

capacity and design to handle the expected demand in the urban poor areas in compliance to established

design standards (Ref: Section 2.6.2, Sector Specific Strategy for Access of Toilets);

1 2 4 7 9 12 13 14 25 27 29 30 31 32 34 35 41 43 44 46 51 52 57 62 63 68 69

CRITICAL AREA

Launch a pilot project for the usage of mobile toilets as (a) temporary solution for CTCs wherever in-situ development of slums or relocation of the community is planned or areas where land tenure issues are

flagged , (b) seasonal need for additional toilet seats is prevalent in area with floating population and (c)

place constraint does not allow any permanent solution. The project can be trialed in model Wards and will

provide (A) a need assessment at the outset (B) develops an Operator model and a Financial Model for the

capital investment as well as M&O cost, (C) prepares a septage management plan (if direct connection to

the sewerage system is not given) and (D) implements the Ward level pilot project.

1 In the PPPP mode, people shall be treated as customers rather than as beneficiaries and hence shall contribute towards both the capital and O&M investments as far as possible. People shall also be actively involved in the O&M activities leading to an enhanced sense of ownership and ultimate sustainability. The capital investment may also be in the form of labor, material as well.

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Pre-Feasibility Study

It is recommended that a detailed survey shall be undertaken in the wards listed below to ascertain the exact numbers and locations of public toilets, community toilets and toilets in the municipal schools

accompanied by the relevant details as mentioned under –(a) Design of toilets and its conformity to the

guidelines provided by Ministry of Urban Affairs & Employment and the design standards through relevant

Government Orders, (b) Condition of Toilets (c) Capacity of Toilets (no. of toilet seats- various categories)

(d) Operational Model (e) Mode of waste water and fecal sludge management (f) proximity to an off-site

sewerage system (g) source of water supply (h) total number of households (population) being served (i)

Willingness of households to contribute towards – (1) Capital Expenditure & (2) O&M Expenditure and the

limit of contribution (j) Willingness of households to participate in O&M activities. The detail of survey should

provide ward-wise results and the results are to be transferred into ward level maps. (Ref: Section

2.6.4.1.1.1, Sector Specific Strategy for Access of Toilets)

5 6 8 10 11 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 26 28 33 36 37 38 39 40 42 45 47 48 49 50

53 54 59 60 61 64 66 67 70

Feasibility Study

Based on the survey results from the pre-feasibility studies that shall establish the spatial distribution of

inadequacy of the toilet facilities , the Feasibility Study may be clustered into various packages to

gradually improve the city or in a one-time exercise. The CSP recommends to cluster wards into zones in line

with administrative zones and correspondingly build zone-wise strategies to address the open defecation

issues. The following zones including their sensitive Wards are recommended –

ZONE - I ZONE - II ZONE - III ZONE - IV ZONE - V ZONE - VI ZONE - VII

5,8,10,11,18,19 6,21,22,23,26 24,28,33,42 45,47,48,49,50 59,60,61,64,66,67 39,53,54 17,36,37,38,40,70

The feasibility study shall establish (A) the model of toilets to be adopted – shared/community/mobile (B) Integrating the fecal sludge management into either the centralized or decentralized sewerage treatment system

in the identified wards. The study will elaborate on the following issues:

o In order to establish the model of toilets, it would require the assessment of (a) ward wise

identification of demand for toilet facilities, (b) assessment of the land availability at – (1) individual

household level, (2) community level, (3) Ward Level , (c) assessment of locations for mobile toilets in

communities which shall be in a position to construct individual toilets in short term phase (d) opportunities for

rain water harvesting systems and use of water thus tapped for operational & maintenance activities (e)

suggestions for future operator and finance models, and (f) recommendations for micro-financing models

o In order to establish the sewerage management system , it would require the assessment of the

feasibility of (a) on-site treatment facility (b) Bio-gas facility with recycle and re-use of by-products for

O&M of the facility (c) recommendations for sewerage management for mobile toilets and integration into

off-site sewerage system in the area

DPR

Based on the findings of the pre-feasibility and feasibility study, RMC may release a notice to invite

expression of interest to prepare two (2) DPRs’. It is recommended to evolve a city-wide strategy through

DPR, yet the city-wide plan shall be broken down into packages to ensure phase-wise development in order

to ease the financial burden. The DPRs are detailed as under -

DPR for the rehabilitative and up-gradation works of the toilets which shall include – (a) Rehabilitation and

upgradation of toilets to meet the design standards as well as capacity requirement per the guidelines

provided by Ministry of Urban Affairs & Employment and the design standards through relevant

Government Orders (c) integrate into the proposed off-site or existing on-site sewerage system , (d)

Fecal Sludge Management System including clearance & treatment gradually integrating into the

future/proposed off-site sewerage system(s), (e) asset registry for toilet management and the

computerized maintenance management plan coupled with comprehensive M&E system - this system shall

track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central repository of areas of complaints and

general maintenance; (Refer to Section 2.6.4 - Sector Specific Strategy for Toilets)

DPR for the construction works of new toilets which shall include – (a) Construction of shared toilets, and

community toilets (b) Fecal Sludge Management System including clearance & treatment gradually

integrating into the future/proposed off-site sewerage system(s) (c) Asset Registry - (Refer to Section

2.6.4 - Sector Specific Strategy for Toilets),

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Administrative & Regulatory

It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Toilets Sector under the Sanitation Department (Please

refer to Figure 1 in section 1.5.7.2) to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance processes

within the sector with regular O&M training programs for the community and regular helpline (Ref: Section

2.6.4.2.1, Sector Specific Strategy for Access of Toilets);

Awareness generation campaigns shall be conducted to propagate the benefits of better hygienic and

sanitation practices and encourage the residents to adopt toilet facilities through financially sustainable

mechanisms and cross-subsidy mechanisms. Along the lines of the National School Sanitation Initiative (NSSI),

the awareness campaigns to promote behavioral change shall lay emphasis on personal hygiene, proper

sanitation, clean toilet habits, safe drinking water, separate toilets for girl child, disposal of waste water,

human excreta disposal/toilets, waste water recycling, waterless urinals, waste segregation, and

compositing, food hygiene and creation, and conservation of green spaces. Schools shall be adopted as the

prime media for the campaign. (Ref: Section 1.6.4, City Level Strategy Document);

Municipal Bye-Laws shall be developed to encourage "Water Reuse Strategy," for utilization of the recycled water/waste water in the operation and maintenance of the toilet facilities; punitive measures shall be

enforced to discourage the open defecation practices; Building codes enforced to adopt the prescribed

design standards for toilets;

RMC shall develop and institutionalize the MIS system to document and map the system. An asset register shall

be maintained and the computerized maintenance management plan shall emphasize on the preventive and

corrective maintenance; this system shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central

repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance (Refer to Section 2.6.4.1.1.2.5/2.6.4.2.1.2.5 -

Sector Specific Strategy for Access of Toilets

Financial Mechanisms

Sector Specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Toilet Sector Unit under the Sanitation

Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures in consultation with the Finance & Accounts

Department and the Strategic Communications Cell (working closely with the communities on area up

gradation plans) in order to foster efficient cost recovery mechanisms;

RMC shall assist in the construction of new shared toilets in densely populated areas at the rate of one (1)

toilet for every five (5) households through micro-financing in areas lacking the basic services in the

immediate and short-term phase with a horizon of year 2021;

ESTIMATED COST FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS ADDRESSING THIS KEY ISSUE:

INR 65.00 CRORES

1.5.2 Key Issue 2

Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in open areas and storm water drains and unscientific

management of the dump sites receiving the waste from the entire city and lack of treatment and

ultimate scientific disposal

1.5.2.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 2 (REF: SECTION 3.4.4 & SECTION 5.5 - STATUS REPORT )

Inadequate solid waste management system wherein only eight (8%) percent of the city population is served by the

door to door collection (DTDC) of the waste and eighteen (18%) percent of the city population is served by the

secondary collection system, however, seven (7) percent continues to dispose the solid waste in open areas despite the

provision of the bins due to the lack of awareness of adverse impacts of unsanitary practices. The existence of

excessive lengths of uncovered drains allows the waste from open areas to flow into the open drains eventually during

rains. Only ward no.s 31 and 32 have good coverage of services with respect to collection of solid waste, both

primary and secondary. The number of dumper placers and tipper trucks required for the existing population

requirements is 39 and 60 respectively; however, RMC is in possession of only seven (7) dumper placers and twenty-

one (21) tipper trucks which is grossly inadequate for the service delivery. There are 84 markets and 145 community

waste depots, however the deficiency in dumper placer fleet by 30 no.s does not ensure the daily lifting of waste in

the market areas. This leads to waste disposal in the open areas and open drains ultimately. The waste from the entire

city that reaches the designated dump site is not handled through engineered scientific sanitary landfill. The waste is

disposed without any treatment and hence the imminent threat of ground water contamination through the leachate

produced from the untreated solid waste ; The lack of municipal by-laws to enforce the rules and regulations and the

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absence of a regulatory framework to penalize the violators also contributes to this adverse situation; the weak

institutional framework and the Inadequate staff to implement, monitor and evaluate the systems in place or develop

appropriate systems to serve the city only add to the unhygienic conditions; the financial mechanism is also non-

supportive to the improvement of service delivery due to the lack of cost recovery strategies in place.

FIGURE 2: AREAS WITH OPEN DUMPING OF SOLID WASTE

1.5.2.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KEY ISSUE 2

Immediate Action Directives

RMC shall facilitate and ensure the tender process for the approved SWM DPR is finalized with immediate effect to initiate the processes of segregation at source, door to door collection, secondary collection,

transport, treatment and disposal in a planned manner as a BOOT project in the PPPP mode, that will

enable 100% coverage of services;

In order to promote the system of segregation at source, RMC shall provide the bins for storage at source to

all low income group settlements and all slum level settlements for free, and additionally subsidize the bins

for the middle income group settlements. This shall encourage the adoption of the system easily and also

ensure the establishment of the system in a short span of time. There shall however be a refundable deposit

collected from all the beneficiaries; (Ref: Section 2.6.3, Sector Specific Strategy for Solid Waste Management)

It is proposed to coordinate with the storm water management department and prioritize the activity of the

covering of storm water drains during the implementation of the storm water management DPR;

additionally, as a standard practice all storm water drains shall be provided with grates that shall obstruct

the flow of solid waste into open drain


It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Solid Waste Sector under the Sanitation Department

(Please refer to Figure 1 in section 1.5.7.2) to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance

processes within the sector; personnel management system & Sanitation worker’s training program shall be

implemented to conduct occupational safety and health training campaigns to educate the sanitary workers

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with respect to the benefits of adopting best operating practices; (Ref: Section 2.6.3, Sector Specific Strategy

for Solid Waste Management)

Municipal Bye-Laws shall be developed to encourage the residents to adopt the practices of solid waste

reduce, reuse and recycle; Regulatory Mechanisms (polluter pays) shall be enforced to discourage open

dumping of waste;


sanitation practices and encourage the residents to adopt solid waste management systems through

financially sustainable mechanisms and cross-subsidy mechanisms (Ref: Section 1.6.4, City Level Strategy

Document);

RMC shall develop and institutionalize the MIS system to document and map the collection & transportation

system. An asset register shall be maintained and the computerized maintenance management plan coupled

with comprehensive M &E system shall emphasize on the preventive and corrective maintenance; this system

shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central repository of areas of complaints and

general maintenance. (Refer to Section 2.6.4.1.1.2.5/2.6.4.2.1.2.5 - Sector Specific Strategy for Access of

Toilets)

Financial Mechanism

It is recommended to initiate the CDM process immediately after the concessionaire commences the project to

avail the CDM revenue benefits that shall substantially contribute towards both the O&M and Capital

Investment recovery;

An elaborate and commercially viable compost marketing strategy shall be developed in order to ensure the

sustainability of the operations of the treatment plant; the strategy shall mitigate the risks of technology and

financial barriers;

The design of a proficient solid waste resource recovery and recycle management approach to enable

greater revenue generation both in national and international markets; a mutually beneficial revenue sharing

model may be established between RMC and the concessionaire;

Sector specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Solid Waste Sectoral Unit under the

Sanitation Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures in consultation with the Finance &

Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell (working closely with the communities on area

up gradation plans) in order to foster efficient cost recovery mechanisms. Impact benefit tax is also proposed

to be levied on properties where services are provided (Ref: Section 1.6.2.3 & Table 1.6.2-4, City Level

Strategy Document;


INR 204.03 CRORES

1.5.3 Key Issue 3

Higher risk due to improper septic tanks and septage management leading to contamination of

water bodies/water supply distribution system and incidences of water borne diseases

1.5.3.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 3 (REF: SECTION 3.4.2 & SECTION 5.4.3 - STATUS REPORT )

The sewage management system is deficient in city of Raipur which is evident from the fact that roughly 54% of the

properties are connected to unscientifically designed septic tanks which overflow into the open drainage channels /

opens areas / nallas ultimately draining into the natural water bodies and/or polluting the groundwater. Many septic

tanks receiving both grey- and black water, which is not considered as per the CPHEEO guidelines. There is no

regulatory system in place to approve and certify newly constructed septic tanks to be line with CPHEEO guidelines.

There are about 130000 septic tanks in Raipur and the existing septage management system comprises of only 2

suction lorries which is way deficient of the requirement of about 120 suction lorries to be pressed into service to

empty the septic tanks once annually as per required norms.; the number of private operator and the mode of

operation is also unknown. Currently there is no official designated site available for the disposal of septage. The

complete sector for septage management is informal and there is a high risk for improper disposal of septage, violation

of occupational and health rules and even Manual Scavenging. The water quality samples in the distribution system

shows abnormal levels of E-coli contamination as high as 2400 (MPN). Further, there is also presence of nitrate in

higher concentration in the drinking water compared to the trace amounts found in the treated water at the water

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treatment plant. This indicates the ingress of pollutants due to septage overflow in the distribution system. As the water

supply lines run along the road side drains and the operation being intermittent in nature the drain water may find its

way into the drinking water pipes there by contaminating the water. This may also be evident from the prevalence of

water borne diseases in Raipur as reported in the City hospital (Ref: Table 5.8, Status report).

FIGURE 3: AREAS AFFECTED BY IMPROPER SEPTIC TANKS & SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT



It is recommended that a detailed survey shall be undertaken to ascertain the exact numbers and locations

of the properties connected to Septic Tanks accompanied by the relevant details as mentioned hereafter: (a)

design of septic tank and its conformity to the CPHEEO design standards (b) age of septic tank (c) volume

of septic tank (d) condition of septic tank (e) collection of grey water, black water or both, (f) overflow to

soak pit or other channels (specify other channels) (g) frequency & mode of desludging, (h) proximity to an

existing off-site sewerage system, (i) willingness of owners to get connected to an off-site system and (g)

total number of connected households . The detail of survey should provide ward-wise results and the results

are to be transferred into ward level maps. (Please refer to Sector Specific Strategy – Sewerage – Page 28

for specific guidelines on the survey procedure);

A detailed ground water quality mapping exercise has to be undertaken to understand the magnitude of

ground water pollution in Raipur city owing to septage overflow. Reason for importance is that still a major

proportion of water supply is drawn from the ground water (Refer to Chapters 3 & 5 of the Status Report).

Please refer to Sector Specific Strategy – Sewerage – Page 28 for specific guidelines on the ground water

quality mapping procedure.

Feasibility Study on Septage Management

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Based on the survey results from the pre-feasibility studies that shall establish the spatial distribution of

septage management and septic seepage issues and the available information on the existing and proposed

off-site sewerage system, feasibility studies shall be designed & conducted to help formulate the steps

towards a sustainable septage management.

The feasibility study shall establish (A) a fast track solution document in order to control the discharge and

infiltration of pathogenic infested black water into natural water bodies. (B) Harmonizing the phase out strategy

with the development of centralized and decentralized sewerage and treatment system in the identified wards

(Please refer to Sector Specific Strategy - Sewerage). The study will elaborate on the following issues:

o In order to establish Septage Clearance System in the immediate phase in order to address the issue

of the septage overflows and malfunctioning of the septic units; would require the assessment of (a)

ward wise identification of demand for desludging facilities, (b) assessment of the equipment

requirements on supply side (number and type of suction vehicles), (c) suggestions for future operator

and finance models.

o In order to establish the future role of existing septic tanks as an integrated component of the future

off-site sewerage systems would require the assessment of the feasibility of (a) black- and grey water

separation, (b) simplified sewerage systems or decentralized systems (as suggested in MoUD/WSP

publication 2008), (c) use of septic tank as interceptor tanks for the centralized sewerage system.

o In order to establish septage treatment facility in the immediate phase and continuing into the future as

per findings for the feasibility of future role of septic tanks, would require the assessment of the

feasibility of (a) using anaerobic digesters preferably with biogas generation at the existing treatment

facilities; (b) choice of technologies, (c) reject management integrated into solid waste management

process (d) operator models, (e) financial models in line with Indian Best Practices.

DPR


expression of interest to prepare a DPR for the rehabilitative and up-gradation works of the septic tanks which

shall include – (a) Rehabilitation of septic tanks to arrest seepage as well as upgradation into interceptor

tanks to integrate into proposed off-site sewerage system , (b) Septage Management System including

clearance & treatment gradually integrating into the future/proposed off-site sewerage system(s), (c) asset

registry for septage management and the computerized maintenance management plan coupled with

comprehensive M&E system - this system shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a

central repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance; (Refer to Section 1.6.3 - Sector Specific

Strategy for Sewerage Management)

Administrative and Regulatory

Awareness generation campaigns shall be conducted to propagate the benefits of integration of the

existing septic tanks into the off-site sewerage systems (Ref: Section 1.6.4, City Level Strategy Document);

Municipal Bye-Laws and building codes shall support the phasing out strategy for septic tanks in Raipur Municipal Corporation. The directive shall (a) Mandate that septic tanks shall not be approved as a

sewerage management technique/option for all new developments and constructions in the areas falling

under the current DPR where sewer lines are recommended (relaxation is expected till the date until

sewerage is physically installed); (b) Regulatory oversight mechanisms to penalize the citizens violating the

establishing regulation and standards; (c) Approve construction of septic tanks in peripheral areas, which are

not falling under the development area for a future sewerage system only if CPHEEO guidelines are

followed (certification mechanism), which (i) includes only the discharge of black water (toilets), (ii) does not

exceed population density of 300 capita/hectare, (iii) exclude use of soak pits in areas with impermeable

soil, hardrock or high groundwater table.

Incentive Scheme to achieve connectivity (can be linked with sewerage issue!)


INR 68.00 CRORES

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1.5.4 Key Issue 4

The coverage of centralized sewer network in Raipur is insufficient and the willingness of

households to get connected low

FIGURE 4: SEWERAGE DISPOSAL MECHANISM IN THE VARIOUS WARDS

1.5.4.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 5 (REF: SECTION 3.4.2 & SECTION 5.4 - STATUS REPORT )

The total sewer length of the conveyance network system is 55.97 km while the total road network length in the city

sums up to 980.2 km; this result into coverage of 12.6% (Tab. 1.3-3-Sector Specific Strategy for Sewerage

Management) as opposed to 100% as required by the SLB. Sewage disposal through centralized sewer is mainly

prevalent in ward 47 and 48 whereas in other wards it is negligible (Status Report, Chart 5.4.4). The current sewer

system drains towards the North where two treatment plants are located. Consequently the wastewater from the

southern belt is to be pumped over a ridge, which forms the centre of Raipur city. Due the topography five pumping

stations are required in the South and West to pump wastewater over the ridge (Map 5.1). Currently none of the

pumping stations is frequently operated. The surveys reveal that currently 3500 households are connected to the

existing sewerage network whereas 54% of the population is served by onsite systems preferably septic tanks. About

43% of the population in the city lacks any system of disposal of the sewage generated (Map 5.6). There is no legal

arrangement on State or on city level to enforce the connectivity of households as well as a severe lack of incentives

and frameworks to motivate the citizens to adopt systems and instigate the participatory approach further the

condition. Inadequate staff to implement, monitor and evaluate the current system and for developing an appropriate

systems to serve the city. As to the existing city budget there is no dedicated head for maintenance and operation of

the conveyance system.


Recommended Amendments to Proposed DPR

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The DPR prepared by Meinhardt for sewerage system in Raipur proposes to connect households to the

centralized sewer network (1032 km of gravity sewer network), however, the DPR covers only 80% of the

city area and most of the peripheral areas are neglected; The recommended approach shall include the

adoption of centralized and decentralized systems for the city with the vision of efficient & sustainable

management; the center of Raipur city is located on a plateau, which provides a natural gradient that shall

be considered along with the population density to strategize the development of sewerage system.

It is hereby recommended that the proposal of the DPR shall be implemented only in the city core area and

the inner ring area expanding over the existing sewer network, in the wards located on the ridge. (Please

refer to Chapter 4 of Status Report for the demarcation of areas of the City). The outer ring area and the

peripheral areas shall be investigated for the suitability of technologies in the decentralized systems or

onsite solution and maybe integrated into the centralized system at a later stage and hence the network

shall be developed accordingly.

Based on the topography and the current (Ref: Map1 – City Level Strategy) and predicted density pattern of

the city wards (Ref: Map-2, Map-3 & Map-4 – City Level Strategy), the areas earmarked for centralized and

decentralized systems are recommended; (Ref: Fig. 11 – City Level Strategy);


In order to restore the existing system for use in the immediate phase and assess the further requirement

of a new sewerage system it is required to conduct investigations on issues such as (a) status of the trunk main

and its gradient (b) status of branch mains & laterals & their gradient, (c) status of manholes, (d) status of

pumping stations, (e) identify the number & status of household connections (f) size, material and age of

pipes, (g) number of grease/silt traps. The data shall be fed into a computer based asset register with

unique IDs, which will be provided to RMC (format is to be decided). Sewerage system maps in 1:2,000

scale shall be provided following NUIS standards.

Feasibility Study

In order to gradually develop the sewer system of Raipur city it is suggested to conduct the Feasibility Study

that shall elaborate on the following issues:

o Verification of the core area for installing a centralized sewerage system based on issues such as: (a)

topography (b) railway lines, (c) population density, (d) number of pumping stations (including pumping

head) and (e) energy efficiency

o Verification of the peripheral areas for decentralized or on-site solution and the sewer network to be adopted , based on (a) area available within the plot, (b) topography (c) willingness of households to

adopt, operate & maintain the system

o Validation of the recommendation on including the old sewerage system into the new one (based on the

above mentioned assessment).

DPR


expression of interest to prepare a (a) DPR for the decentralized systems in (1) Zone I – Ward No. 27, 28,

32, 43, 44, 45, 46 & 47 and (2) Zone III – Ward No. 46, 51, 52, 54, 55 & 63, which shall also include - (1)

design of streamlined connection mechanism , along with the master map of the conveyance system, supporting

reliable collection service (2) development of capacity management, operation & maintenance program

(CMOM) and Sewer Connection Assessment Program (SCAP) [Please refer to Pg 36 – Sector Specific Strategy

_ Sewerage Sector]

Based on the findings of the pre-feasibility and feasibility study, it is recommended to modify the DPR

(prepared by Meinhardt Pvt Ltd) with respect to – (a) sewerage Zones, (b) sewer network, (c) household

connections and additionally include the following - (1) design of streamlined connection mechanism , along

with the master map of the conveyance system, supporting reliable collection service (2) development of

capacity management, operation & maintenance program (CMOM) and Sewer Connection Assessment

Program (SCAP) [Please refer to Pg 36 – Sector Specific Strategy _ Sewerage Sector]


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Training for plumber certificate; the connection will be undertaken by certified plumper, who is authorized

by RMC. This in order to avoid wrong connections (e.g. to the water supply line) or connection of storm water

drains to the system. Training courses for the plumber is to be organized by RMC.

Maintenance squad shall be developed under the technical wing of RMC comprising of a dedicated team

of engineers and laborer to handle the O&M of the system. Sophisticated instrumentation is to be provided

as enumerated in Table 1.6-10-Sector Specific Strategy for Sewerage Management. (Ref: 1.6.3 - Sector Specific

Strategy for Sewerage Management).

Municipal bye-law is to be introduced to make connectivity mandatory for grounds situated in a defined

distance from the next sewer line. Grounds, with exceeding distance maybe allowed installing onsite systems.

Connectivity applies for all black or grey water outlets. The households within the existing coverage areas of

the existing centralized sewerage network shall be connected to the system in the immediate phase with a

horizon of year 2014;


sanitation practices and encourage the residents to connect to the existing and proposed network through

financially sustainable mechanisms and cross-subsidy mechanisms;

Sector specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Solid Waste Sectoral Unit under the


Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell (working closely with the communities on area up

gradation plans) in order to foster efficient cost recovery mechanisms. Impact benefit tax is also proposed to

be levied on properties where services are provided (Ref: Section 1.6.2.3 & Table 1.6.2-4, City Level Strategy

Document;

Connection fee; each ground will be provided with a nominal connection fee, which is to be reinvested into

the system (either for capital investment not for running cost). Connection for lower income groups will be

subsidized.


INR 573.08 CRORES

1.5.5 Key Issue 5

The existing sewage treatment system consisting of 7 oxidation ponds is defunct and the total

sewage generated in the city is untreated

1.5.5.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 5 (REF: SECTION 3.4.2 & SECTION 5.4.3 – STATUS REPORT)

In the entire city only three (3) percent of the total population is connected to the municipal sewer network system

and the corresponding sewage generated i.e., 3.71 MLD remains untreated. Owing to the inability of RMC to pay

their electricity dues, the electrical connection to the pumping stations has been withdrawn resulting in their

dysfunctionality. This in turn renders the oxidation ponds defunct since the waste does not reach the oxidation ponds.

The inactivity of pumping stations / shutting of sluice gates has resulted in the backflow of sewage to storm water

drains and hence leading to pollution. However, Daldal Seoni Pumping Station is in a better running condition

compared to other pumping stations and with the use of DG sets it pumps the sewage into the Daldal Seoni Oxidation

Pond but there is no treatment of the sewage performed due to lack of technically qualified manpower to maintain

and run the facility. Lack of financial sustainability systems in RMC has contributed majorly to this situation besides the

weak institutional and governance framework. There is no monitoring and evaluation mechanism in place that enforces

the State Environmental agency’s rules and regulations and the regulatory oversight.

1.5.5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KEY ISSUE 5 Immediate Action Directives

As an immediate measure it is recommended that the contract of O&M of the Pumping Stations and the

existing STP’s shall be awarded to a Private Service Provider (PSP) on Rehabilitate Operate Transfer (ROT)

Basis until the new system is in place. This is would allow a substantial amount of time to RMC to build its

corpus and the institutional arrangement required to monitor and evaluate the systems. RMC shall perform an

assessment of the current status of the treatment system before the contract is awarded;

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Recommended Amendments to the proposed DPR

The DPR proposes the division of the city into 3 Sewerage Zones with a dedicated STP of SBR technology for

each zone. Besides the two existing locations in the North, an additional location is proposed in the West.

No STP is considered in the South as well as in the North-West region of the city where the land generally

slopes towards and consequently the DPR suggests the construction of additional 13 pumping stations; Hence

it is recommended to revise the sewerage zoning of the city based on the approach of adopting centralized

as well as decentralized systems. The following considerations shall be emphasized upon - (a) topography &

natural gradient, (b) railway lines (c) population densities – present and projected, (d) land-use patterns (e)

land availability for on-site and decentralized systems and (f) recycle & reuse opportunities.

It is hereby recommended that the proposal of the DPR shall be implemented only in the city core area and

the inner ring area expanding over the existing sewer network, in the wards located on the ridge. (Please

refer to Chapter 4 of Status Report for the demarcation of areas of the City). The outer ring area and the

peripheral areas shall be investigated for the suitability of technologies in the decentralized systems or

onsite solution and maybe integrated into the centralized system at a later stage and hence the network

shall be developed accordingly.

FIGURE 5: LOCATION OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED STP'S AND PROBLEM AREAS

Feasibility Study

In the immediate phase, It is proposed to provide decentralized waste water treatment systems in the following

proposed Sewerage Zones and Wards – (Ref: 1.6.3.3 - Sector Specific Strategy for Sewerage Management):

Zone I – Ward No. 27, 28, 32, 43, 44, 45, 46 & 47 and Zone III – Ward No. 46, 51, 52 & 63. For this purpose,

a Feasibility Study is to be conducted looking into following aspects in order to establish ward wise solutions: -

o Use of decentralized treatment systems for (a) multistory complexes (larger than 20 households), (b)

communities (group of households) (c) institutions, (d) commercial establishments.

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o Use of simplified or shallow sewerage systems and decentralized treatment systems for smaller areas

(sub-ward level)

o Integration of existing septic tanks into upgraded systems

o The technical recommendations shall look into alternative technical options on a short-, medium- and long-term and give suggestions based on (a) techno-economic evaluation (differentiating capital and

M&O cost including the assessment of the Carbon Credits and the CDM value, (b) technical feasibility

under local conditions (availability of technology providers in particular for M&O), (c) Operator Models

and (d) Financing Models.

o Assessment of hydraulic and organic load in the newly demarcated zones for the development of the

technology options for future STPs; the organic load should be checked in particular in areas where

septic tanks are pre-dominant in order to find out the BOD reduction through septic tanks as interceptor;

o Techno-economic feasibility for using technologies such as bio-methanization for the wastewater (incl.

assessment of Carbon Credits and the CDM value);

DPR

Based on the findings of the feasibility study, it is recommended to modify the DPR (prepared by Meinhardt

Pvt Ltd) with respect to – (a) sewerage Zones, (b) organic & hydraulic loading (c) STP capacities & location

and (e) number, capacities & location of pumping stations. Additionally, the DPR shall include - (1) design of

O&M Manuals for the treatment facilities , covering aspects of State Wide Emergency Programs for municipal

sewerage treatment facilities, (2) development of planned maintenance management system (3) Development

of process control manual for the SBR plants (4) Design of the laboratory and the pertinent manuals [Please

refer to Pg 43 – Sector Specific Strategy _ Sewerage Sector]

Based on the findings of the feasibility study, RMC may release a notice to invite expression of interest to

prepare (a) a DPR for the decentralized systems in the outer ring and peripheral areas of the city, which shall

also include - (1) design of O&M Manuals for the treatment facilities , covering aspects of State Wide

Emergency Programs for municipal sewrage treatment facilities, (2) development of planned maintenance

management system (3) Design of the laboratory and the pertinent manuals [Please refer to Pg 43 – Sector

Specific Strategy _ Sewerage Sector]


It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Sewerage Sector under the Sanitation Department (Please

refer to Figure 1 in section 1.5.7.2) and the technical wing and the O&M unit developed under this sectoral

unit shall be manned by technically competent resources to handle O&M and M&E ;

Regular training programs shall be conducted to upgrade the skills of the resources in technical and O&M

wing; (Ref: 1.6.3.3 - Sector Specific Strategy for Sewerage Management)

Cost Recovery mechanisms shall be institutionalized, impact benefit taxes shall be designed and imposed on

the citizens to meet the capital as well as the O&M expenses and hence ensure the financial viability;


INR 222.98 CRORES

1.5.6 Key Issue 6

Poor maintenance and non-integration of the available storm water drainage network renders it

underutilized leading to a considerable number of water logging areas and hence unhealthy

condition

1.5.6.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 6 (REF: SECTION 3.4.3 – STATUS REPORT) The natural drains along Bilaspur Road, Sambhalpur Road, Jai Stambh Chowk and Chingri Nalla, Mathpuraina Nalla,

Indiravati Nalla, and Mangalam Nalla are low in capacity, insufficiently graded and choked due to the indiscriminate

dumping of solid waste; in most locations constructions have been executed adjacent to most of the drains reducing the

chances of widening to increase the capacity of drains to meet the requirements; there are 29 flood prone areas in

Raipur owing to poor maintenance, low capacity, non-integrated network and low-lying areas; Areas like Khadan

Nagar are flooded for 3-4 months during rainy season due to absence of proper drainage system and the water enters

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the houses and stagnates upto levels of 0.4m; in certain locations like Mahavir Park and Krishna Nagar, there is no

proper outlet of stormwater to the adjacent roadside primary drains and hence the area gets flooded during rainy

season. In few locations like the chowk behind Shahid Chowk, storm water gets stagnated up to 0.3m behind Talab

since it requires around 2 hours to drain the storm water from the chowk through roadside drains owing to undersized

drains provided at this location.

FIGURE 6: WATER LOGGED AREAS – CRITICAL AREAS IN STORMWATER DRAINAGE NETWORK

1.5.6.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR KEY ISSUE 6


RMC shall facilitate and ensure the approval process for the Storm Water DPR is finalized with immediate effect to initiate the tender process;

It is proposed to coordinate with the sewerage & solid waste management department and prioritize the

activity of prevention of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and waste water discharge into the drains;

Feasibility Study

It is proposed to integrate the lakes into the future storm water drainage network system as Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) structures to reduce the capacity requirement encumbrance on man-made drains as well

as create a continuous drainage network;. It is also proposed to construct Rain Water Harvesting structures /

Source Controls in low-lying areas to address the storm water issue since the areas cannot be integrated into

the surrounding drainage network owing to the undulating levels;

It is further proposed to create recreational facilities in the low-lying areas by tapping the storm water

through source control initiatives (please refer to Sector Specific Strategy Document, Chapter 3, Section 3.6);

The newly developed DPRs on Strom Water Drainage and Lake Protection did not completely integrated

lakes into the drainage system as suggest in the CDP. In order to gradually develop the source control

initiatives in the low-lying areas and integrate the lakes into the storm drainage network as well as RWH

structures it is suggested to conduct the Feasibility Study that shall establish the following issues:

o Verifying the low-lying areas of the city for the purposes of establishing the source control initiatives / RWH structures

o Conduct hydraulic modeling studies (ref. Report Hamburg Water 2010) in few selected pilot areas of the city (preferably on the plateau) in order to improve the water retention potential within the city and decrease the run-off load for low lying areas as well as the downstream areas of river Kharun

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o Assessment of the following parameters with respect to lakes and the low-lying areas - (a) water quality analysis (b) influent characteristics (c) ground infiltration characteristics and sub-strata soil investigations (d) sedimentation analysis

o Techno-economic feasibility for developing the low-lying areas and lakes as recreational facilities


It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Storm Waste Sector under the Sanitation Department

(Please refer to Figure 1 in section 1.5.7.2) to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance

processes within the sector; personnel management system & Sanitation worker’s training program shall be implemented to conduct occupational safety and health training campaigns to educate the sanitary workers

with respect to the benefits of adopting best operating practices; (Ref: Section 3.6.3, Sector Specific Strategy

for Storm Water Management)

Municipal Bye-Laws shall be enforced to encourage the residents to adopt the practices of source control

initiatives to promote reduce, reuse and recycle principle; Regulatory Mechanisms (polluter pays) shall be

enforced to discourage open dumping of waste;

Awareness generation campaigns shall be conducted to propagate the benefits of source control initiatives

(Ref: Section 1.6.4, City Level Strategy Document);

RMC shall develop and institutionalize the MIS system to document and map the drainage network system.

An asset register shall be maintained and the computerized maintenance management plan coupled with

comprehensive M &E system shall emphasize on the preventive and corrective maintenance; this system shall

track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central repository of areas of complaints and

general maintenance. (Refer to Section 3.6.4.1.1.2.5/3.6.4.2.1.2.5 - Sector Specific Strategy for Storm Water)

Financial Mechanism

It is recommended to initiate incentives for adopting the source control initiatives;

Sector specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Storm Water Sectoral Unit under the


Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell (working closely with the communities on area

up gradation plans) in order to foster efficient cost recovery mechanisms. Impact benefit tax is also proposed

to be levied on properties where services are provided (Ref: Section 1.6.2.3 & Table 1.6.2-4, City Level

Strategy Document;


INR 1191.37 CRORES

1.5.7 Key Issue 7

Sub-standard quality of water supplied or accessed in several areas in the city

1.5.7.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 7 (REF: SECTION 3.4.1.2 & SECTION 5.2.2 – STATUS REPORT)

The water quality samples in the distribution system shows abnormal levels of E-coli contamination as high as 2400

(MPN) due to the ingress of septage overflow into the water distribution system. It is reported that there were 627

cases of water borne diseases in the city as a result of poor sanitation and unhygienic c conditions in the city. The

water supply pipes/mains are laid in the open drains (sewer/storm water) causing contamination of the water; The

required horizontal and vertical clearances between sewer pipes and the water supply pipes are not maintained and

breakages in pipes causes contamination; The stand-posts and hand pumps are located very close to the sewer drains /

open storm water drains and In some cases the stand-posts are laid in the open drains (sewer/storm water) causing

contamination of the water; Indiscriminate dumping of solid waste / sewage in the open areas and ultimate pollution of

lakes / natural water bodies / ground water; Encroachment of lakes for bathing / regular sanitation purposes;


It is recommended to conduct an assessment study to determine and map the Intersection points/locations of water-supply network and sewer/drainage network, locations where water supply pipes are in close

proximity to sewer pipes in violation of provisions in CPHEEO Manual for water supply and locations of

stand posts/hand pumps located in the sewer/open drains or in close proximity to the sewer/open drains;

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RMC may include the works of encasement of pipes, relocation of pipes/stand-posts/hand-pumps in the

tender for the overall scope of work for the sewerage development works;

Stringent Regulatory measures to prevent the dumping of solid waste in open areas and water bodies,

septage and sewage overflow into the open areas, drains and water bodies ;


sanitation practices and discourage unhygienic practices;

Comprehensive M&E systems to monitor the functioning of solid waste management, sewerage management

and storm water management systems in order to prevent the contamination of water sources and supply

system sue to the breakdown of the related services;

RMC shall adopt a goal of enacting policies in the next five years that, when fully implemented, will create a

network of mechanisms of water supply distribution that shall help eradicate the issue of contamination of

water

FIGURE 7: AREAS WITH WATERQUALITY ISSUES

1.5.8 Key Issue 8

The existing Institutional and Governance Framework of RMC is not equipped adequately to

administer the sanitation development and management services

1.5.8.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 8 (REF: SECTION 8.1, 8.2, & 8.3, STATUS REPORT ) The organizational structure is not conforming to the service requirements and service responsibility; Out of the twelve

(12) Executive Engineers’ positions sanctioned, fifty (50) percent are vacant, The Superintending Engineer’s position has

been vacant for a long time and the eight (8) positions out of the sanctioned twenty-three (23) positions of Assistant

Engineer are vacant; ; the short tenure of Municipal Commissioner, usually between 6 months and 3 years,

notwithstanding the long term nature of urban development projects and high frequency of transfers in the city

managements positions adversely affects the continuity and local accountability; The Public Health and Engineering

Department and Public Works Department lacks adequate support staff to operate and manage the existing system of

sanitation services and moreover are overloaded with several varying nature of tasks cutting across different sectors

of sanitation; There is no designated environmental manager in addition to the non-availability of the State

Environmental Policy and the Status of Environment Report with ULB; There is no inventory of environmental

regulations available and the important environmental aspects are not identified systematically. The objectives and

targets for the improvement of the environmental status of urban area are not yet defined. No responsible officers or

designated persons are available for the conservation of water bodies, staff training, knowledge management and

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contractor management.. The individual environmental responsibilities, reporting procedures are not documented or

described in job descriptions in Raipur Municipal Corporation The city does not allocate financial resources for capacity

building and has not yet developed a Capacity Enhancement Strategy and consequently there is also no specific

responsibility assigned to any employee to be responsible for the capacity development; there is no system in the ULB

to capture the either the training needs or the details of the training programmes participated by staff in order to

manage the training of ULB staff; The quality management information systems using GIS/MIS are also absent; Weak

coordination among the various departments involved in the operations and management; Chattisgarh is one of the 12

states that has initiated the Municipal Model Law by devolving the responsibilities of city planning to the ULB,

however, devolution of corresponding powers and authorities has not been accomplished yet; Absence of community

engagement and non-adoption of participatory means in the planning, operations and management of the various

sanitation services; Absence of well-established e-governance structure; Lack of regulatory structures that enforce the

established rules, laws, bye-laws, municipal and building codes;



The organizational re-structuring is recommended, please refer to Fig.7.

It is recommended to create a sanitation department in RMC with sectoral units for each sanitation service –

water Supply and Sewerage, Solid Waste and Toilets; Water Supply and Sewerage shall include the

services of water supply, sewerage and storm water management; (Ref: Section 1.6.3 & 1.6.4; - City Level

strategy)

Each sectoral unit shall be supported by a technical services unit (TSU) and an O&M unit; TSU shall be responsible for the design and constructions aspects; TSU shall handle the construction services in consultation

with PWD, however, the accountability shall rest with the TSU. O&M unit shall be responsible and

accountable for all O&M aspects;

Corporatization of the sectoral units is advocated resulting in efficient business processes, specific business

plans and financial operating plans, costing system and asset management systems for each sector; It is

recommended to hire external expert consultants and establish e-governance structures for each sector with

immediate effect;

The staffing plan and strategy shall be evolved with the help of institution development experts in

consultation with the sector-specific experts in both technical services and O&M services; the capacity

enhancement strategy shall be dovetailed into these efforts;

The technical services wing, within the dedicated Sectoral Unit sunder the Sanitation Department, shall

develop the following documents in consultation with sector-specific experts, the ULB authorities and the

State Agencies;–

Design & construction manuals, O&M manuals, standard operating Procedures Manual and Best

Management practices manual to ensure the performance levels and the service delivery levels at all

stages of the infrastructure development and the operations & management thereafter; these documents

The strategic communication cell shall engage in employing various tools to encourage community

participation in planning, design, construction & O&M services stages; this effort shall be reinforced by the

policy reform cell which will institute participatory mechanisms;

Policy reforms cell shall continually work in evolving mechanisms to develop accountable governance

framework and Policy reforms shall be initiated to simples rules and incentives to encourage enhanced

private participation and investment in infrastructure development projects;

Regulatory mechanisms in each sector shall be developed to encourage citizen participation as well as

proactive quality service delivery by the service providers; (please refer to the Annexures I – IV for more

details)

Performance linked incentive programs and M&E systems shall be developed;

The ISIP developed shall be implemented with immediate effect;

Steps shall be ensured to achieve the objects of the Model Municipal Law

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FIGURE 8: RECOMMENDED INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE


INR 5.00 CRORES

1.5.9 Key Issue 9

Existing financial management system doesn’t meet the demands of the current and future

sanitation requirements

1.5.9.1 RATIONALE FOR KEY ISSUE 9 (REF: SECTION 8.4, STATUS REPORT ) The Fiscal powers and authorities are still not devolved from the state government to local bodies; Chhattisgarh State has initiated the implementation of MML partially; it has only shifted the city planning and service delivery to local government and has not matched the functions with appropriate fiscal powers. The low capacity and lack of skilled professionals in RMC to assume the financial responsibility; Insufficient local financial resources which reflects in the fact that the total own source revenues aggregates to a mere twenty-two (22) percent of the total receipts. The total expenditure of Water works department is INR 1367.34 Lakhs in 2009-10, while the recovery is only INR 754.18

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Lakhs, translating to cost recovery in water supply services at 25.83% and an efficiency in collection of water supply related charges of 88.63%; the total annual operating expenses in waste water management services amounts to 5.65 cr as opposed to the annual operating revenue of 0.67 cr translating to cost recovery at 11.81% while efficiency in collection of charges is 51.2%; Lack of separate budget head for SWM services and specifics regards the cost recovery and collection efficiency of charges is also a major problem; The financial analysis of RMC for the period 2004 – 2010 reveals that the revenue expenditure of RMC in all the years is more than the revenue income. Lack of administrative procedures that ensure financial data flow and reporting and absence of internal and external controls and cost-effective and revenue generating mechanisms is evident. User charge/tariff structuring and property tax is still vested with the state;



Reengineer the business processes of the Finance & Accounts Department of RMC; (Ref: Section 1.6.3; - City

Level strategy)

Update the staff duties, skill sets and the job-descriptions; and correspondingly strengthen the dedicated

professional capacity; ((Ref: Section 1.6.3 & 1.6.4; - City Level strategy)

Implement Double Entry Accrual Accounting System (DEAAS) in line with the recommendation of the 11th Finance Commission (Please refer to the case of Tamilnadu Department of Municipal Administration and Water

Supply’s successful initiative in 5 Municipal Corporations and 102 Municipalities & the ssuccessful initiative in

40 large cities in the state of Maharashtra )

Adopt accounting and budgetary standards as per the directive of C&AG – ‘Accounting and Budget Formats

for Local Bodies’

Institute efficient data management systems ensuring appropriate financial administration and reporting

mechanisms;

Ensure policy reforms to complete the decentralization process as per 74th CAA and the MML;

Cost Effective mechanisms to be developed – integrate with other IT initiatives and leverage core technology

infrastructure;

Cost Recovery Mechanisms – increase tariffs once in every three years (40 % for water services, 50% for sewerage services, 50% for solid waste services and increase of connection fees by 25%)

Tax and tariff reforms to be initiated;

Implement proficient municipal auditing systems; (Please refer to case study of Vijaywada Municipal

Corporation)

Evolve robust contract management systems;

Benchmarking and monitoring systems;


INR 05.00 CRORES

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CITY LEVEL STARTEGY-

City Sanitation Plan For Raipur


1.6 Action Plans

1.6.1 Technology Options

The technology and service delivery options shall be designed to ensure the sanitation services are managed efficiently through the entire cycle of operations.

All stages of the complete cycle are carefully planned to extend services to the entire city population cutting across all sections of the society and all levels of

the settlements. The several options are designed and phased keeping in mind the existing limitations of technical, financial and social capacities of RMC. The

service delivery options shall enmesh the community participation and NGO involvement to complement the RMC capacities.

TABLE 1.6-1: TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLAN

PHASE SEWERAGE TOILETS STORM WATER SOLID WASTE QULAITY OF WATER

Imm

edia

te

201

1-2

013

Finalize the Connections

to the Households;

Initiation of Collection

and Conveyance System ;

Intermittent Measures for

Septage Clearance

Feasibility study for

DEWATS as a permanent

solution

Intermittent DEWATS for

existing waste generation

areas served by Septic

tanks;

Finalize DEWATS if found

feasible

Detailed Survey of

existing facilities to

initiate rehabilitation and

up gradation

Finalize the Repairs and

up gradation of the

existing toilets;

Initiate the Design &

Construction of the new

facilities in areas with no

sanitation facilities

Initiation of phasing out

of the septic tanks

Initiate the Design of

System to handle the

human excreta

Finalize repairs and up

gradation of the storm

water drains in the flood

prone areas;

Initiate the source control strategies and initiatives

Initiate the construction of the new drains;

Initiate the procurement

of the maintenance

equipment and devices;

Initiate the outfall drain

structures / RWH

structures / supporting

activities

Finalize Primary Storage

and Primary Collection

System;

Initiate Secondary

Storage, Collection and

Transport System;

Initiate Sanitary Landfill

for existing Waste

city level strategy - sswm...giz asem city level startegy-solid waste sector city sanitation plan...

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