city bus service evaluation saundattiurbantransport.kar.gov.in/saudatti report -...

CITY BUS SERVICE EVALUATION

SAUNDATTI

Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT)

Government of Karnataka

December 2016

Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka

1 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3

1.2 City Introduction – Saundatti (Savadatti) .............................................................................. 4

2. City Bus Services – Saundatti .......................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Performance Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 7

2.2.1. Service Level Benchmarks ................................................................................................. 7

2.2.2. Bus Route wise Analysis .................................................................................................. 10

A. Route No. 101/102 – from Savadatti to Ugargol ................................................... 10

B. Route No. 109/110 – from Savadatti to Asundi ...................................................... 13

C. Route No. 111/112 – from Savadatti to Yellamma Gudda .................................. 16

2.2.3. Observations on Overview of the Services ................................................................ 19

3. Suggestions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 21

3.1. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 21

3.2. Public Opinions/Suggestions .................................................................................................. 22

3.3. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 22



List of Charts

Chart 1: Population and Density Growth ............................................................................................... 5

Chart 2: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for schedules 101 and 102 ................................. 12

Chart 3: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for Schedules 109 and 110 ................................ 15

Chart 4: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for Schedules 111 and 112 ................................ 18

Chart 5: perceived Safety on all the services in saundatti ............................................................... 20

Chart 6: Suggestions on Bus and Bus facilities .................................................................................... 20

Chart 7: overall satisfaction of the Savadatti city bus services ....................................................... 21

List of Tables

Table 1: Saundatti city details ................................................................................................................. 4

Table 2: Vehicle Registration Data ......................................................................................................... 5

Table 3: Saundatti City Bus Route Details ............................................................................................. 7

Table 4: Operational Profile for Schedules101 and 102 ................................................................ 12

Table 5: Operational Profile For Schedules109 And 110 ............................................................... 15

Table 6: Operational Profile For Schedules111 And 112 ............................................................... 18

Table 7: Proposed Fleet Size for the City ........................................................................................... 23

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location of Saundatti ................................................................................................................ 4

Figure 2: Population and Density Growth .............................................................................................. 5

Figure 3: Bus Route from Savadatti - Ugargol ................................................................................... 11

Figure 4: Bus Route from Savadatti - Asundi....................................................................................... 13

Figure 5: Bus Route from Savadatti - Yellamma Gudda .................................................................. 16



1. Introduction

1.1 Background

Public Transport is a critical element of urban transport system. A great emphasis needs to be

given to the public transport system because it offers the most efficient utilization of limited

resources – energy and land.

For a medium scale town, public transport would prove an affordable means of transportation,

providing a high degree of flexibility and convenient at an affordable cost. Public transport in

these kind of towns helps in connecting people and unlocks many economic opportunities for

local residents and businesses, enables students to get to schools or colleges, and helps the

elderly stay independent. It helps rural populations to access to jobs, retail centers, health care

and social services.

Performance of urban bus service could essentially contribute to improved environmental

conditions in cities by shifting mobility from private modes towards more efficient environmental-

friendly and safer travel modes. However, improvement in City bus system is not an easy task

due to the fact that city bus systems are affected by socio-economic, financial, environmental,

and political factors along with technological factors and physical problems. Performance of a

bus system is affected by several criteria, such as increase in the number of buses, bus stops,

and passengers, and changes along roadways and in land uses.

A poorly planned system causes inconvenience to the users, loses ridership, encourages use of

private vehicles and imposes financial burden on the operator. Inefficient public transport will

affect the competitiveness of a city’s economy due to its adverse effect on availability of labor

and individual’s expenditure on travel. An efficient public transport system is needed in the cities

where people have the option of using private vehicles/IPT to a large extent to travel within

the city. A well planned city bus service is needed for the following reasons:

Control the growth and usage of private vehicles on city roads

Reduction in congestion, pollution etc.

Reduction in Parking problems

The Government of Karnataka created the Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT) under

the Urban Development Department to integrate and coordinate all land transport matters in

the State. DULT has taken up the initiative of the introduction of city bus services in the Tier II

and Tier II cities. One such report is the, EVALUATION REPORT FOR SAVADATTI CITY BUS

SERVICE. A performance evaluation study has been carried out for the newly introduced City

Bus Services which partly funded from State Urban Transport Fund through DULT for Savadatti

town.

“Public Transport enhances the quality of life

and economic vitality of small cities and

towns”



This study identifies some of the important issues related with the performance of newly

introduced bus system in Savadatti and proposes solutions for improvement in the performance

of the City bus system. Rapidly rising operating cost of the City bus services have placed

increasing emphasis on improved management and better utilization of existing facilities. It is

required to evaluate how well the existing city bus system is providing services to the public.

Therefore, new techniques to assist the evaluation of performance of City bus services are

needed. This study also presents some indicators which can be used to evaluate efficiency and

effectiveness of urban bus service.

1.2 City Introduction – Saundatti (Savadatti)

Savadatti town is a taluka head quarter of district Belgaum is a historical and famous pilgrim

place situated on the right bank of Malaprabha River in the state of Karnataka. The town is

situated at 15046’ N and 75004’ E and is at an altitude of 700m. It lies in the State Highway

(SH-65) between Bijapur and Dharwad. It is 96 kms away from Belgaum i.e. district

headquarters of Belgaum and 40 kms from nearest Railway station Dharwad.

Saundatti is a town in a Belagavi district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It lies on the banks of

River Malaprabha. Saundatti also known as Sugandavarti and (Savadatti in Kannada) is one

of the oldest towns in Belgaum district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a celebrated

pilgrimage centre located 78 kms from Belgaum and 37 kms from Dharwad. Savadatti is also

the name of the taluk (sub-district), which was previously named Parasgad. It is 465 kms away

from the state capital city Bangalore.

Saundatti, Town Municipal Council is a growing city and

part of the rapidly growing commercial centre. The city

is witnessing a spurt in construction activities and a

growing population.

As per 2011 census, Saundatti has a population of

41,215, Males constitute 49.96% of the population

and females 50.04%. Saundatti has an average

literacy rate of 77.06%, higher than the national

average of 66.53%: male literacy is 85.15%, and

female literacy is 69.01%. In Saundatti, 12% of the

population is under 6 years of age.

TABLE 1: SAUNDATTI CITY DETAILS

Sl.NO Particulars Details

1 Population (2011 Census)

41215

2 No of Households 12025

3 Area 16 sq.kms

4 Density (per sq. km) 2575

5 Sex ratio (2011 Census) 1002

6 Wards 23

7 Road length (km) 158 kms

FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF SAUNDATTI



The population of Savadatti town was 16011 as per 1971 census and is 41215 as per 2011

census. Thus, it is almost triple within three decades. The growth of population is shown in the

below figure 2:

The Vehicular composition data of Saundatti city is as given below:

TABLE 2: VEHICLE REGISTRATION DATA

Sl.NO Vehicle types No. of

Vehicles

1 Two Wheelers 39319

2 Jeeps 238

3 Cars 2220

4 Auto Rickshaws 562

5 Omni Buses 347

6 Good Vehicles 2027

7 Others 8743

Total 53456

FIGURE 2: POPULATION AND DENSITY GROWTH

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Population 12299 16011 26404 33138 38212 41215

Density 769 1001 1650 2071 2385 2575

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Pop

ula

tion

Year

Decadal Growth of Population and Density

Population

Density

CHART 1: POPULATION AND DENSITY GROWTH



2. City Bus Services – Saundatti

2.1 Introduction

Increasing urban population coupled with increased economic activities and increased city size

has led to a rapid growth in urban travel demand. The increased travel demand in the city has

resulted in undesirable consequences like increased number of motor vehicles, which has a severe

impact on public transport patronage, traffic jams and road accidents apart from the

environment consequences. The intra city commuting in Saundatti is predominantly pedestrian. In

Saundatti, a good number of cyclists can also be seen. The main modes of transport in the town

are two-wheelers and three wheelers. The luggage carrying mode consists of autos and taxis.

With the increase in commercial and economic activities need for introduction or augmentation

of the public transport system to justify the mobility needs of the citizens of the city.

In this regard, a proposal for the induction of 6 buses were proposed by North Western

Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) and sent to Government of Karnataka

(GoK) for seeking financial assistance. Considering the need and demand of the city for a

dedicated city service which caters to the need of the urban population in Saundatti, 50% of

the cost of the rolling stock requirement for city bus services was sanctioned by GoK. The

remaining 50% of the amount was borne by KSRTC. Hence, the funding was done for the

augmentation of the rolling stock through Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), UDD,

GoK, as per the “Scheme of utilization of State Urban Transport Fund (SUTF)”. Based on the key

nodes and centers of commuter transit, 3 initial bus routes were proposed. These routes connects

the entire city on major truck routes which extends towards the inner areas and certain nodes.



The bus routes run by NWKRTC have been done considering the spatial configuration of the city

along with the key transportation networks. The routes and lengths in Saundatti city is shown in

table

TABLE 3: SAUNDATTI CITY BUS ROUTE DETAILS

Sl.No Route No. Route Details Route Length

(Kms) From To

1 101/102 Savadatti Ugargol 10

2 109/110 Savadatti Asundi 14

3 111/112 Savadatti Yellamma Temple 15

2.2 Performance Evaluation

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze the operational efficiency of the city

bus services in Saundatti. The impact of these bus services on the commuters, the operator’s

effectiveness of running these services, the modal shift of the city, etc. needs to be evaluated.

This study also helps to analyze the satisfaction levels of the commuters with the introduction of

these city bus services as well as to help the operators to understand the system’s approach

which can further increase the ridership. The evaluation has been divided into 3 sections:

i. Service Level Benchmarks

ii. Route-Wise analysis (Passenger’s and Operator’s perspective)

iii. Perceived overview of Services

2.2.1. Service Level Benchmarks

The growing challenges of the urban sector in India requires a system which can measure the

performance of urban transport activities and also address the performance monitoring for

internal decision making. With this perspective, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) framed

a standard set of performance benchmarks which can help Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and other

agencies in identifying performance gaps and suggesting improvements through the sharing of

information and best practices which ultimately results in better services to the commuters.

Accordingly all JNNURM mission cities are advised to undertake the process of service level

benchmarking. Service level performance indicators have been identified for various areas like

Quality and financial sustainability of public transport, Pedestrian/NMT safety and

infrastructure facilities, ITS facilities by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD).

The Service Level Benchmarks (as per MoUD) for public transport system indicate the city wide

level of Service (LOS) provided by public transport system during peak hours. This would require

indicators such as presence of organized public transport system; bus route coverage, service

frequency, and percentage fleet as per urban bus specifications. Therefore the parameters as

per the MoUD guidelines to assess the service initially were analyzed for Saundatti City Bus

Service.



The service level benchmarks for the Public transport consists of two categories:

I. Public Transport Facilities

II. Sustainability of Public transport

I. Public Transport Facilities

i. Presence of organized public transport system in urban area (%)

Currently 6 buses are operated by NWKRTC in Saundatti.

A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses.

B = Total Number of Buses under the ownership of STU/SPV - 6 buses

Presence of Public Transport System in Urban Area

(%)

= (B/A)*100

=100%

Therefore, LOS 1 = 1

ii. Extent of supply availability of public transport

The Population of Saundatti city is 41215

A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses

B = Total Population of the city (2011 Census) –

41215

Availability of Public Transport / 1000 Population

= (A/B)*1000 = 0.145


iii. Service coverage of public transport in the city

A = Total length of the road network (kms) on which

public transport systems ply in the city = 39 (in

Road Kilometers).

B = Area of the Urban Limits of the City = 16

Sq.kms

Service Coverage = (A/B) = 2.43


LOS 1 Presence of

Organized PT

1 >= 60

2 40 - 60

3 20 - 40

4 < 20

LOS 2 Extent of supply

availability of public transport

1 >= 0.6

2 0.4 – 0.6

3 0.2 – 0.4

4 < 0.2

LOS 3 Service coverage of public transport

1 >= 1

2 0.7 – 1.0

3 0.3 – 0.7

4 < 0.3



iv. % of fleet as per Urban bus specification

A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses

B =Total number of buses as per the Urban Bus

specifications in the city – 6 buses

% of fleet = (B/A)*100

= (6/6)*100 = 100%,

% of fleet as per urban bus specification is 100%,


v. Average waiting time for public transport users (mins)

The Average LOS of the Waiting time for Public

transport is 40 min.


II. Financial Sustainability of public transport

i. Staff /bus ratio

A = Total staff of bus operation and maintenance – 18

B = Total number of buses – 6

Staff / Bus Ratio = A/B= 3


ii. Operating Ratio

A = Cost/veh.km = Rs. 30.43

B = Earning/veh.km = Rs. 19.65

Operating Ratio (ratio) = A/B = 1.54


LOS 4 % of fleet as per urban

bus specification

1 75 - 100

2 50 - 74

3 25 - 49

4 <=25

LOS 5 Average waiting time

for public transport

1 <=4

2 4 - 6

3 6- 10

4 > 10

LOS 1 Staff /bus ratio

1 <=5

2 5.5 – 8

3 8 – 10

4 >10

LOS 2 Operating ratio

1 <0.7

2 0.7 – 1.0

3 1.0 - 1.5

4 >=1.5



2.2.2. Bus Route wise Analysis

A route wise evaluation has been carried out on all the bus routes, to understand the travel

pattern of the passengers and to identify the constraints, if any in each route. This study is very

critical as the route characteristics will different from one route to another. The following section

list out the route wise analysis on both passenger and operators perspective for a better

understanding of the overall operational efficiency of each bus route.

A. Route No. 101/102 – from Savadatti to Ugargol

This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Ugargol village via Municipal office –

APMC – JogulBavi - Yellamma Gudda with a total route length of 10 kms.

a. Passenger Profile:

1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 40-60 years.

2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000-10000.

3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 11.62 kms.

4. Around 70% of commuters use Public Transit for their everyday commute.

5. Major Trips are Education trips (53%) followed by Work based trips (27%).

6. An average waiting time of 5-10 min has been recorded.

7. An average travel expense of Rs. <=500 has been observed.



10%

33%

7%

37%

13%

Age Group

less than 15

15 -25

25- 40

40-60

Above 60

53%

27%

3%

17%

Purpose of Travel

Work

Education

Shopping

Others

30%

40%

27%

3%

Average Waiting Time

<5 minutes

5-10 minutes

10-15 minutes

15-30 minutes

Frequency of Bus Travel

Savadatti Bus Stop

Shanthinagar Bus Stop Yellamma Gudda

Bus Stop Ugargol Bus Stop

FIGURE 3: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - UGARGOL



b. Operation Profile:

Cost of Operation: The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route was

found to be 20.28 and 33.26 respectively.

Load Factor: An average load factor of 59% has been recorded.

Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 16 trips /day.

TABLE 4: OPERATIONAL PROFILE FOR SCHEDULES101 AND 102

Sl.No Particulars Details

1 No. of Schedules 2 Nos. (101/102)

2 Scheduled Kms

3 No of Trips 16 trips /day / bus

4 Average EPKM 20.28

5 Average CPKM 33.26

6 Average Load Factor (%) 59%

7 Average Effective Revenue (Rs.) 658000

Note: Assessment carried for operations between September 2015 - February 2016 (6 months)

3150034200

76236601

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

101 102

Km

s

Schedule Nos.

Schedule Efficiency

Scheduled Kms Cancelled Kms

21.8218.74

32.7533.76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

101 102

Rs.

Schedule Nos.

Operational Efficiency

EPKM CPKM

CHART 2: SCHEDULE AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY FOR SCHEDULES 101 AND 102



c. Observations

i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Ugargol village.

The services are from 7AM to 8 PM.

ii. This route passes through one of the major routes covering major nodes like Municipal

Office, APMC market, Jogulbavi village, Yellamma Gudda and Ugargol village

iii. This route caters to a large number of work based trips to market and agriculture based

works. Tourist trips are observed during the season of Yellamma festival. These trips are

mainly concentrated during the peak hours, which caters commuters to their daily needs.

iv. The increase in load factor during the Yellamma festival in the months of December –

February has also been observed during this season.

d. Inferences

The Route 101 and 102 is very well connected to the municipal office, market, market yard

from the city of Saudatti. Connectivity to these areas finds large number of work based Public

Transport users opting for city buses for their commute during peak hours. Provision of proper

infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating for the passengers

can increase the load factor. As this route connects the nearby villages to the city center, the

frequency of the services may increase depending upon the peak hours which may lead to

additional ridership.

B. Route No. 109/110 – from Savadatti to Asundi

This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Asundi village via SLAO cross –

Government Hospital – Chopra College – Karikatti village with a total route length of 14 kms.

Asundi Bus Stop

Karikatti Bus Stop

Government

College Bus Stop

Government

Hospital Bus Stop

SLAO cross

Bus Stop

Savadatti Bus Stop

FIGURE 4: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - ASUNDI




1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 15 - 25 years.

2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000 -10000.

3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 14 kms.


5. Major Trips are Education trips (42%) followed by Work based trips (29%).

6. An average waiting time of < 5 min has been recorded.






Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 16 trips /day

42%

10%

29%

19%

Age Group

15 -25

25- 40

40-60

Above 60

29%

42%

3%

26%

Purpose of Travel

Work

Education

Shopping

61%19%

10%

10%


<5 minutes

5-10 minutes

10-15 minutes

15-30 minutes







2 Scheduled Kms







c. Observations

i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Asundi village.

The services are from 7AM to 9 PM.

ii. This route covers hospitals, educational institutions and also settlements in between

Saundatti to Asundi.

iii. This route caters to a large number of education based trips as it covers all the major

schools and colleges. Educational trips are mainly concentrated on this route during peak

hours. During the non-peak hours works based trips are observed more as this routes

also covers the small settlements.

iv. The competition between private modes and city bus services is most evident in this route.

Even though a wide range of public transport service is provided by the operator, the

competitions from private jeeps/shared auto rickshaws has not been completely

eradicated (only 30-40% of reduction in the number of private modes).

4200037300

5544

3618

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

109 110

Km

s

Schedule Nos.

Schedule Efficiency


18.62 18.32

28.58 29.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

109 110

Rs.

Schedule Nos.


EPKM CPKM




d. Inferences

The Route 109 and 110 covers all the major educational centers and hospitals in the city,

competition from the private vehicles like tempos/shared auto rickshaws is also more evident in

this route. By increasing the fleet of the services in this particular route and increasing the

frequency of these services may increase the usage of public transport and will be useful for

the passengers to commute to their respective destinations.

Provision of proper infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating

for the passengers can also increase the load factor.

C. Route No. 111/112 – from Savadatti to Yellamma Gudda

This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Yellamma Gudda (9 kms) via Kata

market – JogulaBavi – Kamanu and from Yellamma Gudda to Savadatti bus stand (6 kms) via

Tande cross – Shanthinagar – Spinning Mill with a total route length of 15 kms.

Savadatti Bus Stop APMC Market

Bus Stop Jogulabhavi

Bus Stop

Yellamma Gudda Bus

Stop Yellamma Gudda Bus

Stop

Shanthinagar

Bus Stop

FIGURE 5: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - YELLAMMA GUDDA




1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 25 - 40 years.

2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000 -10000.

3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 7.85 kms.


5. Major Trips are Recreation trips (47%) followed by Work based trips (30%).

6. An average waiting time of < 5 min has been recorded.






Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 15 trips /day

13%

64%

20%

3%

Age Group

15 -25

25- 40

40-60

Above 60

30%

13%

10%

47%

Purpose of Travel

Work

Education

Shopping

Others (Temple)

61%19%

10%

10%


<5 minutes

5-10 minutes

10-15 minutes

15-30 minutes







2 Scheduled Kms







c. Observations

i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Yellamma

Gudda. The services are from 7AM to 9 PM.

ii. This route covers Bypass and major commercial roads, Markets, Mills and also settlements

in between Saundatti to Yellamma Gudda.

iii. This route caters to a large number of recreation (to temple) based trips and work based

trips as this service exclusively covers commuters from city center to the Yellamma temple.

Educational trips are mainly concentrated on this route during peak hours. This route

observes a huge number of ridership during the festival season which is from December

to February and the frequency of the services also increases at the time of festival.

iv. The competition between private modes and city bus services is most evident on this route

as only 2 schedules are running in this route at the time of festival season and will not

be able to cater to the commuters. The competition from private jeeps/shared auto

rickshaws can be observed more in that festival season.

35000 34000

61605848

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

111 112

Km

s

Schedule Nos.

Schedule Efficiency


20.29 20.12

29.02 29.16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

111 112

Rs.

Schedule Nos.


EPKM CPKM




d. Inferences

The Route 111 and 112 covers exclusively to the Yellamma temple and the smaller settlements

in that route. Competition from the private vehicles like tempos/shared auto rickshaws is more

evident in this route at the time of festival season of Yellamma temple as only 2 schedules are

allocated in this route and will not be able to cater to the commuters/tourists. By increasing the

fleet of the services in this particular route and increasing the frequency of these services at the

time of festival season may increase the ridership of public transport and can reduce the

competition between the private vehicles (jeeps/shared auto rickshaws).

Provision of proper infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating

for the passengers can also increase the load factor.

2.2.3. Observations on Overview of the Services

In addition to the provision of reliable services, it is also very crucial to provide supporting

infrastructure for the provided services and delivering safe access to the commuters with

adequate infrastructure facilities. Access to Public Transport is a key element in social and

economic inclusion. Lacking in the safety and access to these services can increase the

dependency on the other private modes of transport which can tamper the Public Transport

services usage and ridership.

Based on the Survey analysis, the following suggestions/opinions are given by the passengers

using the Public Transport which can be enhanced further:

a. Lighting at Bus stops/shelters: Majority of the passengers have stated that proper

lighting has been provided at bus stops/shelters and terminals. The bus terminals are

well lit with provisions of other transit facilities. However, absence of the bus

stops/shelters are observed at many places in all the three routes and at some bus stops

lack of sufficient lighting is also observed.

b. Lighting provision inside the Buses: All the buses under Sustainable Urban Transport

Fund (SUTF) are well lit assuring safe travel to the commuters in the late evening hours.

c. Emphasis and Focus of Drivers/Conductors on safe driving: Commuters have

opinioned that the behavior of drivers and conductors have been satisfying both in terms

of the driving standards as well as ticket collections.

d. Safety in travelling in Public Transport during late evenings: The city bus services have

been appreciated at providing safe commute especially during late hours. Women have

opinioned that they prefer city bus service over other private modes as safety and

comfort is assured in buses.

e. Safety in travelling in Public Transport with less co-passengers: Commuters have been

assured of safety inside the bus despite low ridership during off peak hours. The

behavior of driver/conductor on board have assured them of a safe environment.



f. Safety in waiting for Public Transport in bus stops: As the services are extended

beyond the CBD of the city where settlements are scarce and bus stops are spread at a

spacing of 1-1.5 km, commuters have expressed their discomfort for waiting at the bus

stops. They have also expressed that they even opt to commute by private tempos rather

than waiting for buses

The quality of the buses, Bus shelters and other supported infrastructure plays a significant role

in encouraging commuters to decide on Public Transport over other private modes of transport.

As part of this city bus service evaluation study, commuter’s satisfactions with respect to the

quality of service infrastructure is also evaluated.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Lighting Provisionat Bus Stop

Lighting Provisionin Buses

Do driversemphasize/focuson safe driving ?

Safety at lateevenings

Safety with lesscopassengers

Safety waiting atbus stops

Perceived Safety

101/102 109/110 111/112

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Are bus stops welldesigned?

Are buses and bus sheltersclean?

Are Informationsystems/other devices

installed in the bus and atbus stops ?

Is there information at Busstop and terminals about

routes and timings?

Buses & Bus Stop Facilities

101/102 109/110 111/112

CHART 5: PERCEIVED SAFETY ON ALL THE SERVICES IN SAUNDATTI

CHART 6: SUGGESTIONS ON BUS AND BUS FACILITIES



With the services being under operations from September 2015, the operators or the CMC

have to still explore other suitable routes for the services and the bus stop locations. The current

bus shelters/stops are set up at very informal locations which aren’t actually catering to the

needs of commuters. In order to ensure increase in ridership, provisions of scientifically designed

bus shelters along with other basic facilities such as good seating and lighting must be provided.

3. Suggestions and Recommendations

3.1. Conclusion

Introducing and operating new Public Transport services in small and medium sized cities is quite

challenging as people find it very difficult to change their mode from one to another. The routes

and services should be scheduled in such a way that the route accommodates the needs and

demands of the commuters/passengers. The operator must also see the balancing the

operations of the services with respect to the cost of operations. Competition from other private

modes like jeeps and shared auto rickshaws running parallel to the public transport service

should also have to face by the operator.

The public benefaction of the city bus services in Savadatti is gradually attaining its importance.

Savadatti city bus services has been able to make a significant achievement within a very short

span of 9 months from its commencement i.e. from September 2015. The satisfaction survey

conducted for commuters indicates that the city bus services are safe, time & cost saving and

comfortable.

The city bus services in Savadatti has been widely appreciated and found to be operating

satisfactorily. Based on the data analysis, 98% of the surveyed commuters from all the schedules

have opinioned there positive satisfaction levels on the services.

About 84% of the commuters are fully satisfied with the services whereas 16% of commuters

feels that the services are good and needs improvement.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

101/102

109/110

111/112

Satisfaction with the City Bus Services

14%

84%

2%

Overall Satisfaction of the Public Transport services

Fully Satisfied

Good

NeedsImprovement

CHART 7: OVERALL SATISFACTION OF THE SAVADATTI CITY BUS SERVICES



3.2. Public Opinions/Suggestions

With the extensive surveys and discussions with the Public Transport users/passengers and

NWKRTC officials, there are few suggestions given by them in terms of improving the services

in Savadatti:

1. As there are many passengers who frequently visits to Belgaum city for their various

purposes and will be reaching their homes late night on their return journeys to Savadatti,

it was requested that the services needs to be extended at least by 8:30 PM or 9:00

PM.

2. In Route No. 109/110 from Savadatti to Asundi, it was requested by the passengers

that the services needs to be extended till one more village Belawadi village which is

12 kms from Asundi as this will help many people in the village as there is no public

transport existing at present.

3. In Route No. 101/102 from Savadatti to Ugargol, it was suggested that to increase the

frequency more services needs to be added in this route as it covers the major landmarks

like hospitals, educational institutions and markets. It was also requested by the

passengers that services should be extended till Hirekumbi village which is 4 kms from

Ugargol.

4. Well-designed bus stops/shelters needs to be developed with proper seating and

lighting facilities.

5. Audio announcement in addition with the Passenger Information System (PIS) board

needs to be introduced inside the services which will be helpful for the passengers.

3.3. Recommendations

Listed below are the recommendations that may be further explored in order to improve the

overall efficiency of the public transport services in Savadatti. The recommendations mentioned

below are based upon both operator as well as commuter’s perspective comments.

1. Introduction of new routes: The ridership on this route no. 111/112 from Savadatti to

Yellamma Gudda routes is comparatively lesser than the other 2 routes except in the

peak season (at the time of festival season), apart from that the operators should carry

out a feasibility study to explore new areas/neighborhoods routes that will have

additional potential ridership and including these routes by either extending the existing

routes or by introducing new routes.

2. Increased Ridership: Based on the Secondary data, load factors on all the routes has

been observed low except peak hours. It was also observed that due to less frequency

of buses, commuters opting for other private transport services for commuting.

Calculating fleet size: Based on the route length and duration of trips, the number of

buses required per route is estimated by formula assuming that Running speed = 20

Kmph for bus and a frequency = 10 min is expected.

Running time = Route length/Running speed



Therefore, Number of buses, N = 2 * (Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency

TABLE 7: PROPOSED FLEET SIZE FOR THE CITY

Sl.No Route No Route Length Running

Time (min)

Number of Buses

required

1 101/102 10 30 8.00

2 109/110 14 42 10.40

3 111/112 15 45 11.00

As per the demand and future expansion of the city, the frequency and the public

transport services needs to be strengthened in order to increase the ridership.

3. Extending the timings of the Services: Currently the services are from 7:30 am to 7:00

pm. Commuters have opinioned that the extension of the services for all the routes till

8:30 pm. However, the extension of timings of the services needs to be explored based

on the ridership expected.

4. Fare Structure: No complimentary benefits have been availed to commuter. Student pass

has been allowed in all the services. Existing fare has caused slight discomfort to few

commuters as these fares are not competitive with the fares of private vehicles. A few

complains on pilferage have also been reported.

The city bus fare has to be monitored regularly so that the fares are comparable with

other private modes and is affordable for common people/commuters.

5. Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure has been a limiting factor for the city bus services.

Absence of Bus shelters, seating arrangement ta bus stops, lack of passenger information

systems at bus stands/stops, information kiosks etc. seems to be the basic infrastructural

need for the city.

Considering Savadatti is one of the major tourist attraction, capitalizing on infrastructure

facilities may be a value addition for the city and the services.

6. Branding: Branding of Public Transport service has been a minor and yet a very

effective way of categorizing the services by the operator and is very stress-free for

the commuters to distinction of the services. Strategies for branding has become a

significant factor for any transport services for the operator in recent times. It not only

helps commuters to better connect with the system but it also helps in simplifying the

travel experience by enabling seamless & easy transfer between multiple services.

In addition to this, the scheduling of buses may also be simplified to enable commuters

for easy identification and transfers.

PASSENGER OPINION SURVEY (¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄzÀ ¸ÀªÉÃð) FOR EVALUATION OF CITY BUS SERVICE

Directorate of Urban Land Transport, UDD, GOK, Bangalore

Route No: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ¸ÀASÉå : _____________________ Route Name: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ : _____________________

A. Commuter Profile ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ªÀiÁ»w

1. Age (ವಯಸಸು ): ...........................

2. Gender (ಲಂಗ): Male (ಪುರುಷ): Female (ಸತ ರೀ):

3. Average Income of the person (per month): (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಸರಾಸರ ವರಮಾನ) (ಪರ ತ ತಂಗಳು):

1000-5000 5000-10000 10000-25000 25000- 50000

4. What is the purpose of your travel? (ನಮಮ ಪರ ಯಾಣದ ಉದದ ೀಶವೇನು)?

Work (ಕಲಸ) Education (ಶಕಷಣ) Shopping (ಶಾಪಂಗ) Others (ಇತರ)

5. How often do you use Public Transport? (ಎಷಟು ಬಾರ ನೀವು ಸರಾಸರ, ಸಾವವಜನಕ ಸಾರಗ ಉಪಯೀಗ ಮಾಡುವರ)?

Every day (ಪರ ತದನ) Only on weekdays (ವಾರದ ದನಗಳು ಮಾತರ ) Occasionally (ಸಾಂದರಭವಕವಾಗ)

4. Origin (ಮೂಲ ಸಥ ಳ): ...........................

5. Destination (ತಲುಪುವ ಸಥ ಳ): ........................... Distance (KM) ...........................

6. Access Mode of travel of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ವಾಸ ಮೊದಲನ ಕರ ಮ): ...........................

7. Access time taken of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ಯಾಣ ಮೊದಲನ ವಚಚ ):

< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min

8. Egress Mode of travel of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ವಾಸ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ಕರ ಮ): ...........................

9. Egress time taken of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ಯಾಣ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ವಚಚ ):

< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min

10. Reason for using Public Transport: (ಸಾವವಜನಕ ಸಾರಗ ಉಪಯೀಗಸಲು ಕಾರಣ):

Comfort

(ಆರಾಮದಾಯಕ)

Safety

(ಸಸರಕಷತ)

Cost Saving

(ಹಣ ಉಳತಾಯ)

Time Saving

(ಸಮಯ ಉಳತಾಯ)

Directness of Service

(ಸೕವಯ ಪರ ತಯ ಕಷತ)

B. Reliability:

12. Do city Buses Arrive and depart on scheduled time? (ಈ ಸೕವ ಸರಯಾದ ಸಮಯಕ ಆಗಮಸಸತದಯೇ)?

Yes No If late, approximately by how many minutes? ...........................

13. What is the Average Waiting Time at the bus stop? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ï UÁV PÁAiÀÄÄªÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄ?

< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min

C. Affordability:

14. Average Travel Expenses / Month (at present): ಸರಾಸರ ಪರ ಯಾಣ ವಚಚ / ತಂಗಳು

< 500 500-1000 1000-1500 > 1500

15. Are you satisfied with the Current Bus fare system? If not, suggest the changes you would like to implement: (ಪರ ಸಸತ

ಬಸ ದರ ತೃಪಕರವಾಗದಯೇ? ಇಲಲ ವಾದಲಲ , ನೀವು ಕಾಯವಗತಗೂಳಸಲು ಬಯಸಸವ ಬದಲಾವಣಗಳನುು ಸೂಚಸತರ):

Yes No

ANNEXURE -1

D. Technology: vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À

16. Do you use any technology (website/SMS/app etc.) to access service information?

§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «ªÀgÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄwÛ¢ÝÃgÁ?

Yes No

E. Perceived Safety: ÀÄgÀPÀëvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ

17. Are there adequate provisions of lighting at bus stops? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «zÀÄåvï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ EzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

18. Are there adequate provisions of lighting inside buses at night? gÁwæ ªÉÃ¼ÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï M¼ÀUÉ «zÀÄåvï ¸Ë®¨sÀå EzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

19. Do drivers emphasize/ focus on Safe driving, boarding and alighting? §¸ï ZÁ®PÀgÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁV ªÁºÀ£À ZÁ®£É ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÁ / §¸ï

ºÀvÀÄÛªÁUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E½AiÀÄÄªÁUÀ ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀÄgÀPÀëvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ UÀªÀÄ£À ºÀj¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

20. Does it feel safe to travel by bus after late evening? ÀAeÉ ªÉÃ¼ÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¥ÀæAiÀiÁt ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

21. Does it feel safe to travel by bus when there are hardly any passengers inside? §¸ï£À°è ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀASÉå PÀrªÉÄ EzÁÝUÀ

¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

22. Does it feel safe waiting at bus stops during night time or at unknown locations? gÁwæ ªÉÃ¼ÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ïUÁV

PÁAiÀÄÄªÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÉÃ?

Yes No

F. Buses and Bus Stop facilities: §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ ¸Ë®¨sÀåzÀ §UÉÎ:

23. Do bus stops are well designed? (ಸರಯಾದ ಬಸ ಸಾು ಪ ಇದಯೇ)?

Yes No

24. Are buses and bus stops clean enough? §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝt ¸ÀéZÀÒªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

25. Do information systems/other devices installed in the bus and at bus stops function all the time? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è C¼ÀªÀr¹gÀÄªÀ

ªÀiÁ»w ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÉ ¸ÁzsÀ£À PÁAiÀÄðªÀ»¸ÀÄwÛzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

26. Do bus stops and terminals have adequate information provided about routes and timings?

§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀå«gÀÄªÀ §¸ï ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ºÉÆgÀqÀÄªÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w EzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

27. Are you satisfied with the overall bus service? MmÁÖgÉ §¸ï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ §UÉÎ vÀÈ¦Û EzÉAiÉÄÃ?

Yes No

If yes, ºËzÀÄ JAzÁzÀgÉ

Fully Satisfied §ºÀ¼À vÀÈ¦ÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ Good vÀÈ¦ÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ

Needs improvement ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉAiÀÄ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ EzÉ Not at all satisfied CvÀÈ¦ÛPÀgÀ

H. Suggestions

28. Would you like any Routes to be added to the existing system? (ನೀವು ಬೇರ ಮಾಗವವನುು ಅಳವಡಸಲು ಬಯಸಸವರಾ)?

...........................................................................................................

29. Any other suggestions / Comments about the bus service/ (ಸಲಹಗಳು/ ಸತಟ ಬಸ ಸೕವಯ ಬಗ ನಮಮ ಅರಭಪರರ ಯ)

PARAMETERS

Total Eff. Kms (lakhs) Operated kms per day * total no of days from the commencement 2.14

% Fleet Utilization (Average no. of buses on-road / Average no. of buses held) * 100 100.00

Pass. Kms. (Lakhs) Traffic Revenue(in Lakhs) / .85 76.66

Seat Kms. (Lakhs) 38(no of seat) * Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs) 81.30

% Load Factor (Pass. Kms. (Lakhs) / Seat Kms. (Lakhs)) * 100 94.29

Pass. Carried/bus on road/day Passenger Carried / no of bus on road / no of days 0.09

Gross Kms.(Lakhs) Total Eff. Kms + Total Dead Kms 2.14

Staff on Workshop & Maintenance

0.9 * Average no. of buses held 10.80

Staff on Administration & Accounts

0.1 * Average no. of buses held 1.20

Staff per bus on-road Total Staff / Average no. of buses on-road 3.0

Eff.kms per staff per day Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs) * 100000 / no of days / Total Staff 57.14

Passenger Tax(in Lakhs) Traffic Revenue(in Lakhs) * 0.056 3.65

Total Revenue Traffic Revenue + Other Revenue 15.36

(paise/km) (Total Revenue (in Lakhs) / Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs)) * 101 725.13

% Cancel Kms (Cancel Kms / Schedule Kms) * 100 52.80

EPKM Traffic Revenue / Eff. Kms 19.65

Passenger per bus Total passengers / Schedule 0.42

Load Factor EPKM / 38(no of seat) / 0.85 * 100 60.84

Operational efficiency Eff. Kms / Schedule 0.36

KMPL Gross Kms / Hour Schedule per day(HSD) 5.37

CPKM Cost / Eff. Kms 30.43

Total Cost per Vehicle Kms CPKM / no. of vehicles 5.07

HSD Cost HSD * 45.7 97.77

Spare 0.28 * Eff. Kms 0.60

Tyres and Tubes 0.70 * Eff. Kms 1.50

Lubricants 0.10 * Eff. Kms 0.21

Others 0.06 * Eff. Kms 0.13

Dep on vehicle 2.81 * Eff. Kms 6.01

MV Tax Traffic Revenue * 0.056 0.38

Recondition 0.05 * Eff. Kms 0.11

Staff 1900 * Operation schedule 0.11

Dep / other assests 0.15 *Eff. Kms 0.32

Central overhead 0.50 * Eff. Kms 1.07

Interest 0.23 * Eff. Kms 0.49

Mact 0.10 * Eff. Kms 0.21

Miscellaneous 1.45 * Eff. Kms 3.10

Cost HSD Cost + Spare + Tyres and Tubes + Lubricants + Others + Dep on veh + MV Tax + Recondition + Staff + (Dep/other assets) + Central overhead + Interest + Mact + Misc

112.03

Margin Traffic Revenue - Cost -105.17

Net Profit (Total Revenue - Total Cost) / Eff. Kms -45.18

Operated Kms/day Eff. Kms / no of days 1182.00

ANNEXURE - 2

SLBs for Urban Transport- MoUD, Government of India

Overall

LOS

Calculated

LOS Comments

1 < 12

The City has a good public transport system which is wide spread and

easily available to the citizens. The system provided is comfortable.

2 12 - 16

The City has public transport system which may need considerable

improvements in terms of supply of buses/ coaches and coverage as

many parts of the city are not served by it. The frequency of the services

available may need improvements. The system provided is comfortable.

3 17 - 20

The City has a public transport system which may need considerable

improvements in terms of supply of buses / coaches and coverage as

most parts of the city are not served by it. The frequency of the services

available needs improvements. The system provided is not comfortable

as there is considerable over loading.

4 21-24 The city has very poor/no organized public transport system.

Level

of

Service

Presence of

Organized

Public Transport

System in

Urban Area (%)

Extent of

Supply

Availability

of Public

Transport

Service

Coverage

of Public

Transport in

the city

Average

waiting

time for

Public

Transport

users

(minutes)

Level of

Comfort in

Public

Transport

% of Fleet as

per Urban Bus

Specification

1 >= 60 >= 0.6 >= 1 <=4 <= 1.5 75 - 100

2 40- 60 0.4 - 0.6 0.7- 1 4 - 6 1.5 - 2.0 50 - 75

3 20 - 40 0.2 - 0.4 0.3 - 0.7 6 - 10 2.0 - 2.5 25 - 50

4 < 20 < 0.2 < 0.3 > 10 >2.5 <= 25

Level of

Service

Extent of Non fare

Revenue (%)

Staff /bus

ratio Operating Ratio

1 > = 40 < = 5.5 <= 0.7

2 20 - 40 5.5 - 8.0 0.7 - 1

3 10- 20 8 - 10 1 - 1.5

4 < 10 > 10 > 1.5

ANNEXURE -3

Financial Sustainability of Public Transport, MoUD, Government of India

Overall LOS Calculated

LOS Comments

1 < = 4 The public transport of a city is financially sustainable.

2 5 - 7

The public transport of a city is financially sustainable but needs some

improvements.

3 8- 9

The public transport of a city is financially sustainable but needs

considerable improvements.

4 10 - 12 The public transport of a city is not financially sustainable.

ANNEXURE -4

city bus service evaluation saundattiurbantransport.kar.gov.in/saudatti report -...

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