THE IMAGE OF THE CITYPerception – City Attributes – Geo Tagging

Firman Afrianto - 2015

CHAPTER ONEWhat are in Kevin Lynch’s mind

ABOUT KEVIN A. LYNCH (1918-1984) Born in the 20th century. Educated at the Yale university,

Rensseleaer Polytechnic Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Gained professorship in MIT in the year 1963.

Eventually earned professor emeritus status from same.

Consulted to the state of Rhode island, new England medical Centre, Boston redevelopment authority, Puerto Rico industrial development corp., MIT planning office, and other organizations.

CITY AS A TEMPORAL ART IN

VAST SCALE Like a piece of architecture, the

city is a construction in space, but one of vast scale, a thing

perceived only in the course of long spans of time.

LEGIBILITYIt mean the ease with which its

parts can be recognized and can be organized into a coherent

pattern/Just as this printed page, if it is legible, can be visually

grasped as a related pattern of recognizable symbols.

IMAGEABILITY Another term introduced by Lynch,

is the quality of physical object, which gives a observer a strong vivid

image.

High imageable city would be well formed, would contain distinct

paths.

They should be instantly

recognizable.

Well formed city is highly dependent

upon the elements because, that

would make the viewers their city

imageable.

Remembering your city on images is

meaningful.

Increasing human ability to see and

remember patterns, make city

easier to learn

MENTAL MAPPINGA person's perception of the world is known as a mental

map.

A mental map is an individual's own map of their known world.

Mental maps of individuals can be

investigated .

By asking for directions to a

landmark or other location.

By asking someone to draw a sketch

map of an area or describe that area

By asking a person to name as many

places as possible in a short period of

time.

FIVE ELEMENTS

PATHS : Channels by which people move along. Eg: roads, sidewalks, rails, etcEDGES : Dividing lines between 2 phases. Eg: seashores, railway lines, etc.

DISTRICTS : Are medium to large sections of the city, characterized by a wealthy neighborhood. Eg: suburbs,

college, etc. LANDMARKS : Point of reference. it makes one orient

oneself. E.g: signs, buildings, stores, etc. NODES : Area of strategic spots where extra focus is given.

E.g: busy intersection, popular city center, etc.

CHAPTER TWOUnderstanding five elements

Why paths are

important elements in the city image?

Concentration of uses

Containing

significant buildings

and facades

Paths are the most important

elements in people’s images

Other elements

are arranged and along

them.

Unclear paths =

unclear city image

PATH

Edges are linear elements that

form boundaries

between areas or linear breaks

in continuity (e.g. shores, railway cuts,

walls).

Natural edges,

Manmade edges

The strongest edges are

continuous in form, and

often impenetrable

to cross movement.

Difference between path

and edge, Paths Direct the motion to specific

direction , Edges Prevent

motion in specific direction

EDGES

Districts: are the medium to large parts of the city which share the

same characteristics Style - spatial

form, topography-

colors- texture, urban fabric.

Districts : Districts may have Clear

edges, or soft uncertain

ones gradually fading away

into surrounding

areas.

DISTRICT

Strategic

points in the city

the user can enter it

be directed to many

destinations

it can be gathering places or

intersection of paths, or places for activities

NODE

A physical element with UNIQUE AND

SPECIAL visual features that has a "point-

specific” location, and

can be identified from the distance

Singularity: “one in the

context”

Clarity of

general form

LANDMARK

None of lynch’s elements exits in isolation : all combine to provide the overall image

Districts are structures with nodes

Edges define Districts

Paths introduction to Districts

Nodes sprinkled by landmarks

Nodes emphasizes

the connection between paths

What creates unclear urban Image ?

Unclear

urban imag

es

Discontinuous and unclear paths

Weak Edges

Lacks of character

“No identity”

“No iconic elements

or landmarks

Branching in

connections

branching Nodes

No distinctive districts

CHAPTER THREEConclusion

THEE WORKABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGES REQUIRED THREE ATTRIBUTES

1. Identity : an object’s

distinction from other

things

2. Structure : the object’s

spatial relation to the

observer and other objects

3. Meaning : the object’s meaning for the observer

WHAT PURPOSES DOES IT SERVE?

Preventing feeling “lost”

Helping make the city feel like

“home”

CHAPTER FOURThe New Era of Recognizing The Image of The City

THE INTERNET ERA

Photosharing websites like

Instagram, Flickr, and Panoramio have

amassed about 4 billion geo-tagged

images, with over 2 million new images uploaded every day by users manually.

These images contain a huge

amount of information about

the cities, which are not only used for

landmark detection and reconstruction, but are also used to monitor ecological phenomena and human activity

occurring in the city

THE INTERNET ERA

City

At

tribu

tes

Green Space

Water Coverage

Transportation

Architecture

Vertical Building

Social Activity

Athlethic Activity

MENTAL MAPPING THROUGH GEO TAGGING

YELLOW dots are locals, CYAN dots tourists, and BLUE dots are those who Fischer couldn't determine

THE END