Citizen’s Acceptability of Low-Carbon Society in the Middle Sized Cities in Asia

Nihon University Tetsuhiro ISHIZAKA

Khon Kaen University Thaned SATIENAME

Khon Kaen University Wichuda SATIENAME

Nihon University Atsushi FUKUDA

Tokyo Woman's Christian University Mariko FUTAMURA

Tokyo Institute of Technology Kumiko NAKAMICHI

Hence, the objective of the study is to clarify

1. Acceptability of travel behavior toward LCS

2. Possibility of behavior change by BRT

3. Relationship between usage of public transit and choice of residential condition

Objectives

The objective of this study is to clarify the acceptability of citizen toward several countermeasures to implement low carbon society and the possibility of the change of travel behavior.

Selected cities

Mega cities Enough countermeasures and investment has been implemented and there are many

studies for low carbon society

Middle size of cites in Asian counties Population is around/less than 1 million and motorization has been continued

But all of countermeasures have not been implemented and BRT is planned now.

A corridor along BRT would have high potential to achieve low carbon transportation society if strategy with land use plan and human life/and behavior is conducted together.

Khon Kaen Da Nang Vientiane

Pop(million) 0.8 0.99 0.77

Main mode Car, Motorcycle Motorcycle, Car Motorcycle, Car

Public Small pickup Van Bus（3 routes） Bus（limited）

LRT/BRT 5 routes 1 route 3 routes

House Detached house Town house Detached house

Land ownership Private Public(right to use) Public(right to use)

Income(million USD) 1.0 0.3 0.1（2014、ASEAN ECO info） （2014、ASEAN ECO info） （2011、Laos gov.）

Toward Indian cities

• Smart cities selected by government

BRT and Metro in Ahmedabad • BRT

• Network 89 km

• A daily ridership 132,000

• METRO• 2 routes under construction

• Expected daily ridership

2 millions passenger

Toward smart city of Ahmedabad,

We expect that multimodal transport is an important issue to promote usage of public transport. But our image of “multimodal transport” includes not only well-organized feeder transport system but also “Apps and information to make a smooth connectivity”.

WSWS

WS

WSWS

1st year 2nd year3rd year

WS

To make a concrete road map reflecting attitude and opinion of resident and local government thorough WS with them.

Deference road map

Comparison

Comparison

Khon Kaen

Vientiane

Approach

Da Nang

Making a difference image to adjust local situation and condition

Deference growth stage

Approach -How to make a road map through WS-

WS for local government

WS/investigation for local resident

The original

road map was made the project

(S6-5) under

MOE,Japan

This table show when countermeasure should be started in terms of timing of other countermeasures.TOD, Public Transit(BRT), EV/HV, Bio Fuel, Life style and International support

S-6-5 Research Project “Realization of Measures for Low Carbon Transport System in Asia” It’s a project under S-6 Research Project on Establishing of

Methodology to Evaluate Middle to Long Term Environmental Policy Options toward Asian Low-Carbon Society by Ministry of Environment, Japan

Project Leader：Prof. Yoshitsugu Hayashi The road map toward low carbon transportation society for Asian cities

was made in terms of

-Avoid, SHIFT, IMPROVEMENT-Government, Private sector, Citizenand International

S-6-5 research project

Original (base) road map

Workshop for local government officer

● Participant: Local government officer and engineer (including transit operator)

● Outline of WSTo show the road mapTo do questionnaire survey for acceptability of low carbon transportation society

● Questionnaire• Acceptability for local resident to be able to use TOD, BRT,

EV-bike, Bio fuel.• Feasibility which and when local resident is able to use or

local government can let them to use

Khon kaen1st WS 2014.9.3No of participants：17・Khon Kaen city officer2nd WS 2015.3.2No：18・Khon Kaen city officer

Vientiane1st WS 2015.3.9No：9・Ministry of Public works and transpiration・Bus operation authority

2nd WS 2015.10.2No：9・Ministry of Public works and transpiration

Da Nang1st WS 2016.1.24No：8・Da Nang city officer（Dept of construction, transportation and climate environment)・Committee of Da Nang

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Survey DesignWS for local residents in Khon Kaen

Samples: 340 samples (50 samples * 6 area)

• Target person: User of private car, public transport and motorcycle.

• Objective of trips: Commute, school and shopping

• Target area: Area along BRT and area far from BRT

• Mode: users of Private car, motorcycle or songthaew

• Residential area: Along or far from BRT route (Red line along NH 2)

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Schedule of WS

1. Explanation of the road map and countermeasures for LCS

A) The road map reflecting the possibility and desirable year of countermeasures

B) Actual image of travel behavior by the graphics showing residential condition and BRT

2. Doing Questionnaire

The questionnaire sheet as enclosed consist of two parts of the explanation. On part A, participants will answer their acceptability on each countermeasure by themselves. Part B, participants will answer their personal information.

3. Discussion

Exchanging opinions and comments over description on the questionnaire

sheet

WS ScheduleK

Different Future Scenarios

Future

Tall condominium Detached house

BRT Private Car

BRT corridor

Housetype choice

Modalchoice

Present

BRTBRT is introduced and your income would increased as much as you can buy house and private car

Please assume that your living place is located along BRT corridor

Q1-Q3

Q4

Q5

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16

100m

Ideal TOD density proposed by Calthorpe

55units/h

a

1000m

BRT

track

or

House types along BRT corridor

Tall condominium Detached house

Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot.

The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk.

You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping.

There are secure gate to enter the community.

There is a personal garden at your house and lush green.

High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable sidewalk.

Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area.

No private garden and little greenery.

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Scenario –image of future transport- PresentationsK

PresentationsScenario –image of future transport-K

PresentationsScenario –image of future transport-K

4. If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of transport would you choose?

Comfortable inside cars.

Heavy congestion when many people use cars.

No Parking Spaces in CBD

High cost of parking at condominium

Bad pedestrian areas

Comfortable inside BRT stops and cars.

Easy Access into office from BRT station

Heavy traffic congestion can be avoided by running exclusive lane for BRT

People must walk (or use paratransit) and wait for BRT

Comfortable Pedestrian Areas

Private car

BRT

4.1 Why did you choose the above answer?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable

sidewalk.

Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area.

No private garden and little greenery.

5. What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor?

High-rise condominium

Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot.

The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk.

There are secure gate to enter the community.

There is a personal garden at your house and lush green.

You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping.

Detached house

5.1 Why did you choose the above answer?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

QuestionnaireQuestionnaireK

Photo of WS Activity picturesK

Results Future travel mode

If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of

transport would you choose?

73

39

1834

208

24

Factors

Comfort and convenience

Private lifestyle

Number of baggages

Many destinations

Habit

Do not wait for others

Bad walkway

Why did you choose car ?

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Why did choose BRT?

114

37 29 3649

25

58

23

74

Factors

Comfort and convenience

Convenient accessibility

New modern mode and technology

Reduce air pollution

Save time

Save cost and do not pay for parking

Resolve traffic jam

Good walkway

Safety

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BRTCar

Results Future living place

What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor?

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Why did you choose

condominium?

18

8 6

Factors

Good accesibility

Center of supermarket

Allowcation of land use

Why did you choose house ?

83 7745

84

173

91

7 2

Factors

Habit in houseLive with family and communitySafetyGreen areaPrivate lifestyle and not congestion

Can choose various modesHouse near BRT station

Detached house

Condominium

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Future living place Results

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Why did you move from current

living place ?

18

32

7 6

42

Near supermarketmodern lifestyleSave timeSave costConvinience travelling

73

197

40

127

56

9 3 7

Factors

Habit in houseHousing was already well as comfort and privacyWork at homeFinancial problemNear infrastructureDifficult movingCan use feeder system

Why did not you move from current

living place ?

No, I wouldn’tYes,

Would you be willing to move to stay along BRT corridor from current

living place in the future?

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Summary of WS for citizen and local gov.

• Need to promote citizen’s understanding for low carbon transport• Development of transit corridor along BRT in advance• Promotion of moving along BRT transit corridor by developing gated community

living

Trans-port

WS for local gov. WS for citizen

Proposal of new life style of using BRT in

advance • Not enough comfortable sidewalk

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Current

First building along(2015) 10%90%

50% 86%Not located along BRT

Feasibility Acceptability

Songtew 50% ownership

Urban Structure

• Low sartificationon Songtew

No transit corridorCBD area：〇

BRT(5routes)

Moving along BRT corridor

Shifting BRT

65% 35% Private car

Preference of Mode

• Possibility to shift BRT even if house and private car hold

Gated community

High rising condominium

First Proposal Road map for Khon Kaen

Revised Road map Based on WS Public transit• Development of BRT corridor and allocation of high

rising condominium• Improvement on attitude regarding comfortable

sidewakLiving+5～10 Years：Preference of gated community

EV bike+5～10 years：Improvement of their attitude such as high price, battery, not-long running distance

CNG10yers：Technological improvement and lack of ability of supply

Overall：•Need more than 10 years to promote understanding

EV,HV+More than 5or10yeas：with high income

Conclusion●Conclusion

・In comparison with different development growth state in three cities Khon Kane、D Da Nang、 Vientiane, thorough WS,

⇒the acceptability regarding on shifting BRT and moving BRT corridor was clarified.

⇒The improvement of road map was modified by reflecting their acceptability

・The revised road map indicate that each city should take difference strategy for difference acceptability

Development of transit corridor in advance、 Capacity building in local gov.

Center;High density+ Suburb:Low dens、 Center;High dens＋Suburb;Middle dens、

Current low dens＞in future、Center;High dens＋Suburb;Low dens

Acknowledgement

The workshop was supported by the IASTSS

The original road map was developed under discussion with research member of S6-5 project

Toward Indian cities, the M2Smart project under the SATREPS supports new finding on aspect of this issue.

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