cites for clyde

8/22/2019 Cites for Clyde

1/22

Cites for Clyde


2/22

Gas Tax Politics Links


3/22

1NC

Plan decimates Obamas political capital

Ferguson, 2007(Jake, Masters in Actuarial Science from the University of Northern Iowa, Should the United States Increase the

Federal Gasoline Tax?, Major Themes in Economics, Spring, http://business.uni.edu/economics/Themes/ferguson.pdf)

Although an increased gasoline tax would solve problems, it is not likelyto

AND

sell such a plan. [Klein, 2006, para. 5]


4/22

Petroleum CP


5/22

1NC

Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its

Highway Trust Fund transportation infrastructure investment by increasing the federal

excise tax rate and phasing in a price floor and variable tax on petroleum.

The counterplan places a surcharge on CRUDE OIL, NOT GASOLINE - - it solves

100% of the Aff but avoids politics the plan links

Merill & Schizer, 2010 (Thomas, JD from Oxford, Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law at Columbia, Legal Scholar at Yale,David, JD in Law from Yale, Dean and the Lucy G. Moses Professor of Law at Columbia, Harvey R. Miller Professor of Law and Economics,

Energy Policy for an Economic Downturn: A Proposed Petroleum Fuel Price Stabilization Plan, Yale Journal on Regulation, 27 Yale J. on Reg. 1 ,

Lexis)

A compelling case can be made for reducing America's consumption of petroleum fuels. NearlyAND

but only depriving them of contingent benefits associated with future oil price declines.

Second is it link turns their stimulus advantage the plan undercuts demand by

increasing end user taxes also

Merill & Schizer, 2010 (Thomas, JD from Oxford, Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law at Columbia, Legal Scholar at Yale,David, JD in Law from Yale, Dean and the Lucy G. Moses Professor of Law at Columbia, Harvey R. Miller Professor of Law and Economics,

Energy Policy for an Economic Downturn: A Proposed Petroleum Fuel Price Stabilization Plan, Yale Journal on Regulation, 27 Yale J. on Reg. 1,

Lexis)

Introduction Among serious policy analysts, there is nearly uniform support for the proposition that

AND

hasother

importantincentive effects and

political advantages relative to a Pigouvian tax.


6/22

2NC Innovation Solvency

Only the CP can solve innovation

Wachs et al, 2011(Martin, RAND Experts, Keither Crane, Nicholas Burger, The Option of an Oil Tax to Fund Transportation and

Infrastructure, RAND, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2011/RAND_OP320.pdf)

The goal of this paper is to raise the key issues associated with using an

ANDtax might be more politically palatable than raising existing motor fuel taxes.


7/22

2NC Energy Solvency

Yes it does

Merill & Schizer, 2010 (Thomas, JD from Oxford, Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law at Columbia, Legal Scholar at Yale,

David, JD in Law from Yale, Dean and the Lucy G. Moses Professor of Law at Columbia, Harvey R. Miller Professor of Law and Economics,Energy Policy for an Economic Downturn: A Proposed Petroleum Fuel Price Stabilization Plan, Yale Journal on Regulation, 27 Yale J. on Reg. 1,

Lexis)

What are the social policy implications of adopting this plan? Our proposal would signal

AND

protections for domestic ethanol production - make the point only too clearly . n13


8/22

2NC Politics Link Wall

Our counterplan literally power-bombs their Affirmative

Merill & Schizer, 2010 (Thomas, JD from Oxford, Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law at Columbia, Legal Scholar at Yale,

David, JD in Law from Yale, Dean and the Lucy G. Moses Professor of Law at Columbia, Harvey R. Miller Professor of Law and Economics,Energy Policy for an Economic Downturn: A Proposed Petroleum Fuel Price Stabilization Plan, Yale Journal on Regulation, 27 Yale J. on Reg. 1,

Lexis)

B. Political Advantages of a Price Floor over a Pigouvian Tax While a classic

AND

production of a broad mix of vehicle types to meet different consumer needs.

The heuristics surrounding GAS TAXES guarantee pathological hatred of the plan

Hsu et al, 2008(Shi-Ling, University of British Columbia Faculty of Law, Joshua Walters, Anthony Purgas, Pollution Tax Heuristics: AnEmpirical Study of Willingness to Pay Higher Gasoline Taxes, Energy Policy, June,

http://myweb.fsu.edu/shsu/publications/energypolicyfinal.pdf)

Despite widespread agreement among economists, however, pollution taxes remain widely unpopular, especiallyAND

we are aware of simultaneously considers both of these types of explanations.

Super unpopular specific to Pigovian taxes

Turgeon, 2004 (Evan, Legal Associate at the Cato Institute; J.D.University of Virginia School of Law 2009; B.A. Tufts University 2004,Triple-Dividends: Toward Pigovian Gasoline Taxation, Journal of Land, Resources, & Environmental Law 2010, pg lexis//um-ef)

1. The American Public As it currently stands, Americans do not perceive climate

ANDbenefits thus tend to take a backseat to s mall but concentrated benefits. n196

CP = more popular than the plan is

WSJ, 2012(Wall Street Journal, September 17,http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443864204577619082194372886.html)

But now there is agreement across the political spectrum that the gas tax is brokenAND

using technology to track drivers' actual mileage and taxing oil rather than gasoline.


9/22

Luxembourg CP


10/22

1NC

The Banque Central du Luxembourg should substantially increase its investment

in transportation infrastructure bonds in the United States.

They can do that

Iceland Pension Funds 10 (Press Release from the Icelandic Pension Funds Association, May 31st 2010, Icelandic PensionFunds contribute to the removal of Capital Controls by buying bonds from the Central Bank for ISK 88 billion,

http://ll.is/files/bchgaajfff/Press_Release_31.05.2010.pdf)

Icelandic Pension Funds contribute to the removal of Capital Controls by buying bonds

AND

was the largest non-residents' holder of bonds in Icelandic Krna.
http://ll.is/files/bchgaajfff/Press_Release_31.05.2010.pdfhttp://ll.is/files/bchgaajfff/Press_Release_31.05.2010.pdf


11/22

T Cards


12/22

1NC

a. Interpretation Government is all three branchesBlacks Law 90 (Dictionary, p. 695)

*Government] In theUnited States, government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in addition toadministrative agencies. In a broader sense, includes the federal government and all its agencies and bureaus, state and county governments,

and city and township governments.

b. Violation YOU ARE NOT EVEN AN AGENCY

Snyder 2012 (Michael, Business Insider, 10 Things That Every American Should Know About the Federal Reserve, February 09, 2012,http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-02-09/wall_street/31040431_1_interest-rates-big-banks-member-banks)

#1 The Federal Reserve System Is A Privately Owned Banking Cartel The Federal Reserve

AND, all you have to do is go to the Federal Reserve website ....
http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-02-09/wall_street/31040431_1_interest-rates-big-banks-member-bankshttp://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-02-09/wall_street/31040431_1_interest-rates-big-banks-member-banks


13/22

2NC Overview

Questions of financing mechanisms are an entirely different lit base

Brennan, 96[1996, Brennan, T. J. Balancing present costs and future benefits, in NationalResearch Council, Financing Tomorrows Infrastructure: Challenges and Issues, Proceedings ofa Colloquium, National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 7

20,http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5304&page=13]

Dr. Brennan discussed the key public policy issue in infrastructure investment, i.

AND

although not the most essential issue, may indeed matter a great deal.

B. Its a different debate entirely

Chan, et al, 09[March 2009, Chris Chan, Danny, Forwood, Heather Roper, Chris Sayers, Public Infrastructure Financing: AnInternational Perspective,http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/86930/public-infrastructure-financing.pdf]

The provision of public infrastructure involves interrelated activities of investment, funding and financing

AND

costs, the central efficiency issue is which vehicle best manages project risk.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5304&page=13http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5304&page=13http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5304&page=13http://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/86930/public-infrastructure-financing.pdfhttp://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/86930/public-infrastructure-financing.pdfhttp://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/86930/public-infrastructure-financing.pdfhttp://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/86930/public-infrastructure-financing.pdfhttp://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5304&page=13


14/22

AT: Board of governers

Just because the federal government appoints members doesnt mean it

controls the bank

Zarlenga[a2] 2/11/08 (Stephen, Former Executive Committee Member of the American Institute for Economic Research, Economist WhoFirst Refuted Mengers Theory of the Origin of Money, Director ofThe American Monetary Institute, an Independent Study of MonetaryHistory, Theory, and Reform, Is the Federal Reserve System a Governmental or a Privately controlled

organization?http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02)

Well examine evidence in the Federal Reserve legislation; in how the Fed operates;

AND

for money is not issued by our government, butby private banks.

The Board of Governors is independent of the federal government

AmosWEB13 ([a3]AmosWEB, Economic Encyclopedia, Board Of Governors, Federal ReserveSystem,http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+System)

The composition and structure of the Board of Governors is designed, like the rest

AND

Agency, who are charged with carrying out the policies of the President.

they have to win that the Federal Reserve falls under one of the 3 branches of

government

USCOA82[a4] (United States Court of Appeals, Lewis v. United States, 680 F.2d 1239 (1982), No. 80-5905)

It is clear from this that in some circumstances, the Federal Reserve Bank can

AND

voluntarily submit to a complete audit, and every time, it refuses.
http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02


15/22

The Board of Governors falls under the FOMC which is part of the Federal

Reserve System, not the USfg

BoardofGovernors 9/14/12(Board of Governors of The Federal Reserve System, What is the FOMC and when does itmeet?http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12844.htm)

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is the monetary policymaking body of the

AND

discussions, and contribute to the assessment of the economy and policy options.

The Board of Governors is legally independent of the federal government

Amos13(AmosWEB, Economic Encyclopedia, Board Of Governors, Federal Reserve System,http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+System)

The composition and structure of the Board of Governors is designed, like the rest

AND

Agency, who are charged with carrying out the policies of the President.
http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12844.htmhttp://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12844.htmhttp://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12844.htmhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpd&c=dsp&k=Board+of+Governors,+Federal+Reserve+Systemhttp://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12844.htm


16/22

AT: Independent Within Government

Links to our limits DA anything associated with the government becomes

topical

Zarlenga[a5] 2/11/08 (Stephen, Former Executive Committee Member of the American Institute for Economic Research, Economist WhoFirst Refuted Mengers Theory of the Origin of Money, Director of The American Monetary Institute, an Independent Study of MonetaryHistory, Theory, and Reform, Is the Federal Reserve System a Governmental or a Privately controlled

organization?http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02)

Wed suggestthe phrase independent within the government is much too ambiguous and has the

effect of conveying great power while avoiding responsibility.

6) The Federal Reserve Banks are not listed as government organizations on any

directory

Zarlenga[a1] 2/11/08 (Stephen, Former Executive Committee Member of the American Institute for Economic Research, Economist WhoFirst Refuted Mengers Theory of the Origin of Money, Director of The American Monetary Institute, an Independent Study of Monetary

History, Theory, and Reform, Is the Federal Reserve System a Governmental or a Privately controlledorganization?http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02)

Private ownership does not guarantee private controlthey can be two different things.

AND

as government organizations by the telephone companies, a small but telling fact.

Its not even owned by the federal government

Martin95(Harry, The Federal Reserve Bank,http://dmc.members.sonic.net/sentinel/naij2.html)

With the advent of the Federal Reserve a new currency was issued - Federal Reserve

AND

of money. The Federal Reserve is technically owned by the commercial banks.

Not part of the government

AMI, 08 (American Monetary Institute, Is the Federal Reserve System a Governmental or a Privately controlled organization? February11, 2008,http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02)

It will be clear from the following points that the Fed is definitely not part
http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://dmc.members.sonic.net/sentinel/naij2.htmlhttp://dmc.members.sonic.net/sentinel/naij2.htmlhttp://dmc.members.sonic.net/sentinel/naij2.htmlhttp://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://dmc.members.sonic.net/sentinel/naij2.htmlhttp://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02http://www.monetary.org/is-the-federal-reserve-system-a-governmental-or-a-privately-controlled-organization/2008/02


17/22

AND

as government organizations by the telephone companies, a small but telling fact.


18/22

2NC Financing

Investment requires capital expenditure

Anderson 6 (Edward, Lecturer in Development StudiesUniversity of East Anglia, et al., The Role ofPublic Investment in Poverty Reduction: Theories, Evidence and Methods, Overseas Development

Institute Working Paper 263, March, http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/1786.pdf)

1.3 Definitions

We define (net) public investment as public expenditure that adds to the public

AND1995; Sahn and Younger, 2000; and World Bank, 200 2).

Quantitative easing isnt capital expenditure

Wadsworth, 12 Mark, Senior Writer for Zimbio, Quantitative Easing does NOT increase the deficit or the total National Debt,http://www.zimbio.com/Quantitative+Easing/articles/z-0ESaI0oKx/Quantitative+Easing+NOT+increase+deficit+total

x. On that final point, what really annoys me is the notion that

AND

economy"? No neither, it's had no impact on the economy whatsoever.

The bonds would be issued by the states and be expenditure from the state-

your solvency advocate

China Daily 8/17, Lau,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htm

Onepossibilityisforthe Fed, initsnextroundofbondbuying,

AND

e.g., salariesofthestategovernmentemployees)perse.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htmhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htmhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htmhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htmhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htmhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2012-08/17/content_15682382.htm


19/22

AT: oversight

No oversight

Federal Reserve, 12(Who owns the Federal Reserve? March 30, 2012,http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htm)

As the nation's central bank, the Federal Reserve derives its authority from the Congress

AND

the members of the Board of Governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms.
http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htmhttp://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htm


20/22

Politics Links


21/22

1NR

Obama is the Velcro president all agency action links.

Nicholas and Hook 10. (Peter and Janet, Staff WritersLA Times, Obama the Velcro president, LA Times, 7-30, http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730/3 )

If Ronald Reagan was the classic Teflon president, Barack Obama is made of VelcroAND

the face of the oil spill. The buck stops with his office."

The President still has to spend capital in congress

Taylor 96 Director Natural Resource studies, Cato Institute [Jerry, Congressional Testimony,p.http://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-jt091296.html]

Another problemwith the theory of agency expertise is the assumption that agencies are sufficiently

ANDto pressure agencies, members of Congress are largely free from electoral accountability.

And, rollbackCongress will reverse policies it hasnt approved

Seidenfeld 01Professor of Law, Florida State University (Mark Politics and Policy: PresidentialAdministrations and Administrative Law: The Pyschology of Accountability and Political Review of

Agency Rules 51 Duke L.J. 1059, December 2001)Our constitutional democracy seems wedded, at least in theory, to legislative supremacy. AND

to programs that the agency has implemented that the legislature does not condone.

Agency actions cost political capital in Congress

Choo 2000Professor of Law Yale Law [Robert, Summer 2000, Rutgers Law Review ]Negotiation is as much a matter of power as it is of technique, principle ANDto consider utilizing alternative procedures such as reg neg in the first place.

Taking a position costs capital

Shull & Shaw 99 - Research Prof of Poli Sci @ U New Orleans & Survey Specialist at the NationalOpinion Research Corporation [Steven & Thomas, Explaining Congressional-Presidential Relations, p.

135-136]

Position taking is measured as the number of times the president takes a position on

ANDreputation and thereby also affect his ability to influence legislators in future situations.

Taking a position on an issue costs capital mobilizes the minority

Klein, 10 columnist for Newsweek, former associate editor for The American Prospect (Ezra, 1/25.How presidents polarize.http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-

klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.html)
http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730/3http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730/3http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730/3http://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-jt091296.htmlhttp://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-jt091296.htmlhttp://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-jt091296.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/01/how_presidents_polarize.htmlhttp://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-jt091296.htmlhttp://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/30/nation/la-na-velcro-presidency-20100730/3


22/22

The figure atop this post comes from Frances Lee's "Beyond Ideology," and itAND

agenda, they still focus on it in order to destroy his presidency.

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