cisco ons 15327 product overview - mik · 2008. 2. 25. · cisco ons 15327 product overview cards...

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Cisco ONS 15327 Product Overview

IntroductionThe Cisco ONS 15327 increases the efficiency of bandwidth delivery andmanagement in optical transport networks. Like the larger Cisco ONS 15454ONS 15327 is a SONET add/drop multiplexer that offers service aggregationhigh-bandwidth transport of voice and data traffic on a single platform. Thissmaller platform makes the ONS 15327 cost-effective and space-efficient whthe full capability of the ONS 15454 is not required, while still enabling userseasily manage services and quickly increase capacity without disrupting servThe ONS 15327 is ideal for extending the edge of the optical network to thecustomer premise.

Figure 1 Cisco ONS 15327

1Cisco ONS 15327 Product Overview, R3.3

June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewCards and Card Slots

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The ONS 15327 is designed for maximum flexibility. It carries traditionaltime-division multiplexing (TDM) and high-speed data traffic — a variety of cardconfigurations offer incremental bandwidth increases as needed and supporDS-1, DS-3, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and 10/100 Ethernet speeds. Cisco TransController (CTC), the ONS 15327 software interface, provides easy card, noand network-level provisioning. The ONS 15327 deploys a variety of networconfigurations, including terminal mode (TM), linear add/drop multiplexer(ADM), bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR), unidirectional path-switchedring (UPSR), subtending rings, and path-protected mesh network (PPMN). TONS 15327 can be combined with ONS 15454s in any network configuration

Cards and Card SlotsThe ONS 15327 has eight card slots numbered 1- 8; four high-speed slots, Cross-Connect, Timing, and Control (XTC) slots, and two Mechanical Interfacard (MIC) slots.

Figure 2 ONS 15327 showing card slot types

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CISCO ONS 15327OPTICAL NETWORKING SYSTEM

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All slots are card-ready—when you plug in a card it automatically boots up abecomes ready for service. The cards offer bandwidth in modular incrementmaking it cost-effective to deploy the system in low-density applications and abandwidth as needed. The ONS 15327 houses four types of cards: XTC (comcontrol), MIC, Optical, and Ethernet. The XTC and MIC are required to operthe ONS 15327; the Optical and Ethernet cards are high-speed cards.

Figure 3 ONS 15327 showing card slot numbers

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XTC CardThe XTC is the common-control card for the ONS 15327 and contains theelectrical tributary circuitry for connecting DS-N traffic. The ONS 15327provides two XTC cards. The XTC-28-3 card supports 28 DS-1s and three DS

Figure 4 XTC 28-3 card faceplate

The XTC-14 card supports 14 DS-1s.

Figure 5 XTC-14 card faceplate

Timing and Control FunctionsThe XTC houses the central intelligence of the ONS 15327 and combines timcontrol, and switching functions. It performs:

• System initialization

• Provisioning

• Alarm reporting

• Maintenance

• Diagnostics

• IP address detection and resolution

• Timing, compliant with Telcordia requirements

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• SONET data communications channel (DCC) termination

• System fault detection

• Cross-connect maintenance and management

The CRIT, MAJ, MIN, and REM alarm LEDs on the XTC faceplate indicatewhether a Critical, Major, Minor, or Remote alarm is present anywhere on thONS 15327 or on a remote node in the network.

The XTC card establishes connections and performs time-division switching(TDS) at the STS-1 level between ONS 15327 traffic cards. You can concentror groom low-speed traffic from line cards onto high-speed transport spans adrop low-speed traffic from transport spans onto line cards. The XTC cardsprovide performance monitoring and protection switching and support STS aVT-level grooming. Slots 5 and 6 are the XTC slots.

In-Service UpgradeThe node name, configuration database, IP address, and system software astored in the XTC card's non-volatile memory, which allows quick recovery ifpower or card failures occur. You can upgrade system software without affecttraffic on the ONS 15327 if dual XTC cards are used. The upgrade takes placeon the standby XTC card. The system verifies that the upgrade is successfuswitches from the active XTC card running the older release to the upgradedstandby XTC card running the newer release. After the switch, the second Xcard undergoes the upgrade. The XTC then loads new software to each lineone at a time. This process is automatic once the cards are inserted.


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewMechanical Interface Cards

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Mechanical Interface CardsThe two MICs, MIC-28-3-A and MIC-28-3-B, provide the physical connectionpoints for the DS-1 and DS-3 interfaces on the XTC cards. They also providredundant power inputs, inputs and outputs for user-provisionable alarms ancontrols, and a Building Integrating Timing Supply (BITS) timing input andoutput.

Each MIC provides 14 DS-1 interfaces for a total of 28 DS-1 interfaces, combinthe MICs provide three DS-3 interfaces.

Figure 6 MIC-28-3-A faceplate

Because the three transmit (Tx) interfaces are on MIC-28-3-A and the threereceive (Rx) interfaces are on MIC-28-3-B, you must install both MICs to use tDS-3 capabilities of the ONS 15327.

Figure 7 MIC-28-3-B faceplate

The electrical tributary circuitry for managing individual DS-1s and DS-3sresides in the XTC cards; therefore, you must provision DS-1 and DS-3 circusing the XTC card.

Each MIC has three input contacts and one output contact. These contacts proup to six external input alarms and two external output controls that you canprovision in CTC. Each MIC also provides connection for one BITS clock inpand one BITS clock output. Slots 7 and 8 are the MIC slots.

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June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewOptical Cards

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Optical CardsThe optical cards, OC3 IR 4 1310, OC12 IR 1310, OC12 LR 1550, OC48 IR 13and OC48 LR 1550, can reside in any high-speed card slot (1 - 4). You canprovision an optical card as part of a UPSR or, in ADM/TM configurations, aeither an access tributary or a transport span interface.

The faceplate of both cards has three card-level LED indicators. Whenilluminated, the red FAIL LED represents a hardware problem, the yellow SFLED represents a signal failure or condition (for example, a loss of frame or a hbit error rate), and the green ACT LED indicates that the card is carrying traor is traffic-ready.

OC3 IR 4 1310 CardThe OC3 IR 4 1310 card provides four intermediate-reach, Telcordia-compliaGR-253 SONET OC-3 interfaces per card. The interface operates at 155.52 Mover a single-mode fiber span and supports VT payloads and non-concatenatconcatenated payloads for STS-1 or STS-3c

Figure 8 OC3 IR 4 1310 card faceplate

OC12 IR 1310 CardThe OC12 IR 1310 card provides one intermediate or short-range,Telcordia-compliant, GR-253 SONET OC-12 interface. The interface operate622.08 Mbps over a single-mode fiber span and supports VT payloads andnon-concatenated or concatenated payloads of STS-1, STS-3C, STS-6C, orSTS-12C.

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Figure 9 OC12 IR 1310 card faceplate

OC12 LR 1550 CardThe OC12 LR 1550 card provides one long-reach, Telcordia-compliant, GR-2SONET OC-12 interface per card. The interface operates at 622.08 Mbps ovsingle-mode fiber span and supports VT payloads and non-concatenated orconcatenated payloads for STS-1, STS-3c, STS-6c, or STS-12c

Figure 10 OC12 LR 1550 card faceplate

OC48 IR 1310 CardThe OC48 IR 1310 card provides one intermediate-range, Telcordia-compliaGR-253 SONET OC-48 interface. Each interface operates at 2488.320 Mbpsa single-mode fiber span and supports VT payloads and non-concatenated oconcatenated payloads of STS-1, STS-3C, STS-6C, STS-12C, or STS-48C.

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Figure 11 OC48 IR 1310 card faceplate

OC48 LR 1550 CardThe OC48 LR 1550 card provides one intermediate-reach, Telcordia-compliGR-253 SONET OC-48 interface per card. Each interface operates at 2488.Mbps over a single-mode fiber span and supports VT payloads andnon-concatenated or concatenated payloads for STS-1, STS-3c, STS-6c,STS-12c, or STS-48c.

Figure 12 OC48 LR 1550 card faceplate

E10/100-4 CardThe E10/100-4 card provides four IEEE 802.3-compliant, 10/100 interfaces. Einterface supports full-duplex operation for a maximum bandwidth of 200 Mbper port and 622 Mbps per card. Each port can independently detect the speean attached device (auto-senses) and automatically connects at the approprspeed. The ports auto-configure to operate at either half or full duplex and cdetermine whether to enable or disable flow control.

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June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewCard Protection

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Figure 13 Ethernet card faceplate

Card ProtectionThe ONS 15327 provides 1:1 electrical protection and 1+1 optical protectionmethods. 1:1 electrical protection is pre-provisioned for DS-1 and DS-3 trafftherefore, only optical cards can operate unprotected. This section describeprotection options and explains protection switching in the ONS 15327. For description of Ethernet card protection, see the “Spanning Tree Protocol” secon page 29.

Electrical ProtectionBoth XTC cards provide circuitry and electrical protection for DS-1 circuits, bonly the XTC-28-3 card provides circuitry and electrical protection for DS-3circuits. On the ONS 15327, DS-N circuits are automatically protected by a protection group, named XTCPROTGRP, which you cannot edit or delete. Inprotection, a working card is paired with an adjacent protect card of the same tywhich for the ONS 15327 is two XTC-14 cards (DS-1 circuits protected) or twXTC-28-14 cards (DS-1 and DS-3 circuits protected). If the working card failthe traffic from the working card switches to the protect card. Electrical protectiin the ONS 15327 is non-revertive.

Optical Card ProtectionThe ONS 15327 supports 1+1 protection to create redundancy for optical caWith 1+1 protection, one optical port can protect another optical port; therefoin any two high-speed slots a single working card and a single dedicated pro

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June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewCisco Transport Controller

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card of the same type (for example, two OC-48 cards) can be paired for protectIf the working card fails, the protect card takes over. 1+1 span protection caeither revertive or non-revertive.

Linear Automatic Protection SwitchingThe ONS 15327 supports non-revertive, unidirectional or bidirectional, 1+1 lineautomatic protection switching (APS) as the default mode for switchingarchitecture. APS switches the signal from the working card to the protect cautomatically when a failure occurs. Non-revertive switching does not switchsignal back automatically when the working card comes back online.

Revertive SwitchingThe ONS 15327 supports revertive switching. When a failure occurs and APswitches the signal from the working card to the protect card, revertive switchautomatically switches the signal back to the working card when the working ccomes online. You can easily provision revertive switching using CTC.

Cisco Transport ControllerCisco Transport Controller (CTC) is a software program that is automaticallydownloaded from the XTC card to your computer when you connect to the O15327. CTC gives you control of Operation, Administration, Maintenance, anProvisioning (OAM&P) activities for the ONS 15327 using Netscape Navigator Microsoft® Internet Explorer.

Graphical User InterfaceThe CTC graphical user interface (GUI), also called the CTC window, providthree primary views, or modes, that include:

• Network View–provides information about the ONS 15327 network anddisplays a graphic of the United States with ONS 15327 nodes representecolored icons. You can perform network management tasks in this view. C


June 2002


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uses the customer-provisioned latitude and longitude of each ONS 1532accurately place the nodes on the map (for customizing information, see“Customized Network Topology Map” section on page 18). The color of thicon represents the node status.

• Node View–displayed each time you log into CTC, this view providesinformation about the node and displays a graphic of the ONS 15327 shYou perform node management tasks in this view. The cards are color-coto show the status of the physical cards and ports.

• Card View–provides information about individual ONS 15327 cards anddisplays a graphic of the selected card. You perform card-specificmaintenance tasks in this view. The information that displays and the tasyou can perform depend on the card.

The CTC GUI displays text fields with tabs to use for navigation. Some CTC tahave subtabs, which are used to access subfunctions. From the tabs you caperform all the OAM&P tasks, such as provisioning cards, rings, and circuitscreating protection groups; setting timing parameters; viewing and clearingalarms; provisioning DCCs; backing up and restoring the database; andtroubleshooting, including creating diagnostic files and performing loopback

Figure 14 on page 14 shows the CTC GUI.

Proxy Server FeaturesThe proxy server feature set allows CTC to access ONS 15327s while restricunauthorized IP connectivity. It can also be used to reduce the amount of netwprovisioning required for external routers and CTC workstations.

The proxy server feature set consists of the following:

• ARP sniffing—Also known as automatic host detection, this feature allowsCTC workstation on a different subnet than the target ONS 15327 to direcconnect and launch CTC.

• Proxy server—When this feature is enabled, one ONS 15327 will act likeas a network proxy for other DCC-connected nodes that do not have direcconnectivity.


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• Firewall—When this feature is enabled, certain IP communications arerestricted between an ONS 15327’s SDCC channels and the XTC card’sEthernet port. This prevents CTC workstations from using the ONS 1532SDCC communication path to access other workstations on the datacommunications network.

Password SecurityCTC employs password complexity rules to enhance login security, includingfollowing rules:

• The user ID and password cannot be identical, nor can the password conthe user ID sequence of characters.

Newly created passwords must comply with Telcordia GR-815, which requirthat passwords be at least 6 characters long, and contain at least one alphacharacter, one numeric character, and one special character (+, #, or %). CTCdisplay a warning for previously created passwords that do not meet theserequirements but permits the user to continue.


June 2002


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Figure 14 CTC GUI (window) in network view

Circuit Provisioning and ManagementCTC enables automated circuit provisioning across ONS 15327 subnetworksbetween ONS 15327s and ONS 15454s, including STS, VT1.5, multiple dromonitor, and Ethernet circuits. From the CTC GUI, you select a source ONS15327 and a destination ONS 15327 to create an end-to-end circuit.


June 2002


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Figure 15 Creating circuits with the CTC Circuit Creation dialog box

The ONS 15327 automatically calculates the best path and STS/VT to usebetween these two nodes. It sets up all the cross-connects in each of the ON15327 nodes along the circuit path. You can select the circuit type, bidirectioor unidirectional status, circuit size, and whether path-protected traffic isrequired. You can also route circuits manually, for example to force traffic ontoparticular path. See the “Ethernet” section on page 28 for a description ofEthernet circuits.

CTC also provides an auto-range feature that prevents you from needing toindividually build circuits of the same type. Specify the number of circuits yoneed, create one circuit, and CTC automatically creates additional sequenticircuits.

Auto Range

CTC provides an auto-range feature that automatically creates sequential circwhich prevents you from needing to individually build circuits of the same typSpecify the number of circuits you need, create one circuit, and CTCautomatically creates additional sequential circuits.

Detailed Circuit Map

The detailed circuit map provides an end-to-end view of circuits rather thansimply nodes and their spans. Specifically the circuit map shows ports, dropspans, and selectors for UPSR circuits.


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewLogin Options

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Login OptionsThe ONS 15454 offers network management flexibility. You can choose to seelogin node, nodes with DCC-connectivity to the login node, and nodes that areDCC-connected to the node.

DCC ConnectivityThe ONS 15454 uses SONET data communication channels (SDCCs) for Cconnectivity, automated circuit provisioning, and alarm reporting from remotnodes. Using a node’s SDCC, CTC automatically finds and recognizes other O15454s. However, during login you can choose to exclude DCC-connected nofrom auto-discovery, which speeds up login time and reduces clutter on thenetwork map.

Login Node GroupsWhen you log into an ONS 15454 node, only ONS 15454s with DCC connectivitythe node are autodiscovered and displayed in network view. However, you can cra login node group to view and manage ONS 15454s that have an IP connectiono DCC-connectivity to the login node.

For example, in Figure 16, if you logged into Node 1 you would see Node 2 and N3 because they have DCC connectivity to Node 1. You would not see Nodes 4, 5,6 because DCC connections do not exist. To view all six nodes at once, create anode group with the IP addresses of Nodes 1, 4, and 5. Those nodes, and all noptically connected to them, will display when you log into any node in the grou


June 2002


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Figure 16 Viewing non-DCC nodes using a login node group

Performance MonitoringCTC displays SONET line performance monitoring for OC-N, DS-1, and DS-statistics, as defined in GR-253-CORE and GR-820-CORE. For each statistic,can display 31 previous 15-minute intervals and the current 15-minute intervalwell as the previous 24-hour and current 24-hour interval.

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CORBACTC supports Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) as amanagement protocol. The ONS 15327 interface definition language (IDL) isavailable for customers who want to modify their network management systeto communicate directly with the ONS 15327 using CORBA.

Provisioning CardsInstalled cards in the ONS 15327 are preprovisioned with line and thresholdstandards that are compliant with Telcordia recommendations. You can chanthese settings to modify transmission quality.

For electrical (DS-1 and DS-3) connections, you can provision line-transmisssettings that include line type, coding length, and status. You can also proviselectrical thresholds, including VT1.5 and STS-1 path thresholds.

For optical cards, the provisionable line-transmission settings include, amonothers, the synchronization status messaging (SSM) feature (see the“Synchronization Status Messaging” section on page 27) and the synchronofailure bit error rate (SFBER) level. Optical thresholds include, for example, tprotection switching count and protection switching duration.

Customized Network Topology MapWith CTC you can install a custom map for the network view. CTC uses the edcoordinates of the custom map to determine the relative positions of the ONS nicons on the map graphic. The edge coordinates need only be precise enouplace ONS node icons in approximate positions on the map.

To further customize the CTC network view, you can create domains that manthe display of multiple nodes on the network map. The domain feature can redthe number of icons or group nodes by location.


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewIn-Service Span Upgrades

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Figure 17 Customized network topology map

In-Service Span UpgradesA span is the optical fiber connection between two ONS 15327 nodes. In a supgrade, the transmission rate of a span is upgraded from a lower to a highOC-N signal but all other span configuration attributes remain unchanged. Wmultiple nodes, a span upgrade is a coordinated series of upgrades on all nodthe ring or protection group in which traffic carried at a lower OC-N rate istransferred to a higher OC-N. You can perform in-service span upgrades forfollowing ONS 15327 cards:

• OC-12 to OC-48

• OC-12 IR to OC-12 LR

• OC-48 IR to OC-48 LR

To perform a span upgrade, the higher-rate/long-reach optical card must repthe lower-rate/intermediate-reach card in the same slot. If the upgrade isconducted on spans residing in a BLSR, all spans in the ring must be upgra


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewAlarm Collection and Display

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The protection configuration of the original lower-rate/intermediate-reach opticard (two-fiber BLSR, UPSR, and 1+1) is retained for the higher-rate/long-reaoptical card.

Alarm Collection and DisplayThe XTCs have faceplate LEDs that alert you to alarms and provide the critimajor, or minor status of the alarm. CTC displays alarms and events on a carnode level for all ONS 15327s in the network. You can also view all alarmmessages that appear in CTC using TL1.

CTC DisplayAlarms are displayed in one of five background colors to quickly communicathe alarm severity. You can control the display of current and cleared alarmsgenerated on the node. The alarm and event screens include date, time, sevreporting node, reporting object, service-affecting status, and a description.

Figure 18 Viewing alarms on the CTC Alarm screen


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The history feature displays historical alarm data and also shows events(non-reported activities) that have occurred, such as performance monitorinthreshold crossings or protection switching events. The CTC History tab usesubtabs to present two alarm history views:

• The Session subtab presents alarms and events for the current CTC sesWhen you log off, the alarms disappear.

• The Node subtab shows the alarms and events that occurred at the nodethe CTC software installation. The ONS 15327 can store up to 256 criticalarms, 256 major alarms, 256 minor alarms, and 256 events. When the lis reached, the ONS 15327 discards the oldest alarms and events.

Alarm ProfilesThe ONS 15327 includes an alarm profile feature. This allows you to changedefault alarm severities (for example, change an alarm severity from minor tmajor) and apply the new severities at the card, port, node, or network level


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Figure 19 Creating alarm profiles with the Alarming tab

Every alarm has a default profile. To create a new profile, clone the default iCTC, rename it, and choose the severity settings for the new profile. Activatand changing profiles are simple procedures in CTC.

Alarm CutoffVisual and audible alarms are typically wired to trigger an alarm light or sounda central alarm collection point when the corresponding contacts are closed.alarm cutoff (ACO) function stops (turns off) the transmission of the alarm sign


June 2002


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to the alarm collection point. To activate the ACO function, press the ACO button the XTC card faceplate. The ACO button clears all audible alarm indicatioThe alarm is still active in CTC and needs to be cleared.

With the XTC card-level view in CTC, you can also suppress alarms for a specDS-1 or DS-3 port. Using CTC you can also suppress alarms for specific Optiand Ethernet ports.

User-Provisionable External Alarms and ControlsIn addition to the standard alarms, the ONS 15327 provides user-provisionaalarms and controls. You can provision up to six external alarm inputs and twexternal controls. Use external alarms for open doors, temperature sensors,sensors, and other environmental conditions. For each alarm you can specify tseverity, and a description. Use external controls, or office alarms, to drive visor audible devices such as bells and lights. The alarm-triggering conditions forexternal controls can be user-defined external input alarms, remote alarms, severity-based alarms (for example, alarms that trigger when any Major alarhappens).

Figure 20 shows a diagram of the input and output process for external alarmscontrols.


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Figure 20 External alarm input and output

Provisioning external alarms and controls provides a "virtual wires" option thyou can use to route alarms and controls from different nodes to one or moralarm collection centers. For example, inFigure 21, smoke detectors areprovisioned as external alarms at Nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The alarms are assignVirtual Wire 1, and Virtual Wire 1 is provisioned as the trigger (control) for anexternal bell at Node 1.

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Figure 21 External alarms and controls using a virtual wire configuration

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June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewTiming

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TimingThe XTC card performs all system-timing functions for each ONS 15327. ThXTC card selects a recovered clock, a BITS, or an internal Stratum 3 referencthe system-timing reference. You can provision any of the clock inputs as aprimary or secondary timing source. If you identify two timing references, thsecondary reference provides protection. A slow-reference tracking loop allothe XTC card to synchronize to the recovered clock, which provides holdovethe reference is lost.

Timing ParametersYou must set the SONET timing parameters for each ONS 15327. ONS 153timing is set to one of two modes: external or line. An externally-timed nodederives its timing from a BITS source wired to the BITS input on the MIC. ThBITS source, in turn, derives its timing from a Primary Reference Source (Psuch as a Stratum 1 clock or GPS signal. A line-timed node derives its timingan incoming optical signal on one of the optical line cards.

Figure 22 shows an example of an ONS 15327 network-timing setup. Node set to external timing. Two references are set to BITS, and the third referencset to internal. The BITS output pin on the MIC of Node 3 provides timing tooutside equipment, such as a digital access line access multiplexer.


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewTiming

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Figure 22 ONS 15327 timing example

Synchronization Status MessagingSynchronization status messaging (SSM) is a mechanism for managingsynchronization (or network timing) in SONET networks. It allows BITS timingsources, nodes, and combinations of the two to exchange information about

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June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewEthernet

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2.1nels

tly.

quality of timing sources. SSM enables SONET devices such as the ONS 15to automatically select the highest quality timing reference and to avoid timinloops (particularly in ring architecture). Synchronization status messages arcarried in the S1 byte of the SONET line overhead (Line layer) and as abit-patterned message in the Extended Super Frame (ESF) datalink of the BDS-1. The ONS 15327 supports BITS inputs with or without SSM.

Ethernet

To maximize Ethernet cost effectiveness, the ONS 15327 integrates Etherneaccess into the same SONET platform that transports voice traffic. Ethernet oSONET lets service providers augment TDM services with Ethernet, and allodelivery of data traffic over existing facilities. The ONS 15327 supports layerswitching and the ability to classify Ethernet traffic as defined in the IEEE 802Q-tag standard. You can switch tagged traffic onto separate SONET STS chanto engineer bandwidth by traffic class. The ONS 15327 can also concentrateEthernet ports into one or more STS-n circuits to use bandwidth more efficien


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewSpanning Tree Protocol

teortsNp

1Dctsne

Figure 23 Ethernet aggregation and transport

Transparent Local Area Network ServiceThe ONS 15327 supports transparent LAN Service (TLS) that provides privanetwork service across a SONET backbone. You can define specific Ethernet pand SONET STS channels as a virtual local area network (VLAN) group. VLAgroups isolate subscriber traffic from users outside the VLAN group and keetraffic from "leaking" into the virtual private network (VPN).

Spanning Tree ProtocolThe ONS 15327 operates spanning tree protocol (STP) using the IEEE 802.Q-tag standard. STP detects and eliminates network loops. When STP detemultiple paths between any two network hosts, STP blocks ports until only o

Backbonerouter

Router

ONS 15327

To subscribers

Router

To subscribers

10/100 MbpsConnection to routers

4709

0

ONS 15327ONS 15327

SONETEthernet


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewSpanning Tree Protocol

ibleple

th

s aeerds

path exists between any two network hosts. The single path eliminates possbridge loops. You can enable spanning tree at the Ethernet-port level with a simCTC procedure.

Single-card and Multicard EtherSwitchThe ONS 15327 supports single-card and multicard EtherSwitch.

When you provision single-card EtherSwitch, each Ethernet card is a singleswitching entity within the ONS 15327. This option allows STS-12c of bandwidbetween two Ethernet circuit points. Single-card EtherSwitch supports oneSTS-12c, one STS-6c, two STS-3c or six STS-1 circuits. Figure 24 shows asingle-card EtherSwitch.

Figure 24 Single-card EtherSwitch

When you provision multicard EtherSwitch, two or more Ethernet cards act asingle layer 2 switch. Multicard EtherSwitch supports one STS-3c circuit or thrSTS-1 circuits. The bandwidth of the single switch formed by the Ethernet camatches the bandwidth of the provisioned Ethernet circuit up to STS-3cbandwidth.Figure 25 shows a multicard EtherSwitch.

ONS NodeONS Node

Router

Ethernet card 3

Router

Router

Router

Ethernet card 1

Ethernet card 4

Ethernet card 2

VLAN B

VLAN A

4513

2


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewNetwork Management

s

ith

rossical

uchnotC

Figure 25 Multicard EtherSwitch

Ethernet CircuitsThe ONS 15327 has three common methods for configuring Ethernet circuitbetween ONS nodes: a straight-circuit configuration, a shared packet ringconfiguration, and a hub and spoke configuration. Two nodes usually connect wa straight circuit configuration. More than two nodes usually connect with ashared packet ring or a hub and spoke configuration. You can also manually cconnect individual Ethernet circuits to an STS channel on the ONS 15327 optinterface.

Network ManagementThe ONS 15327 is compatible with several network management protocols, sas Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Proxy Address ResolutioProtocol (ARP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. If OSPF is navailable, static routes can also connect to ONS 15327s through routers. DCtunneling is provided for interoperability with other vendors’ equipment.

ONS NodeONS Node

ONS Node

ONS Node

Router

Ethernet card 3

Router

Router

Router

Ethernet card 1

Ethernet card 4

Ethernet card 2

Shared packet ring

VLAN A

4513

3


June 2002


ettion.orkion

tionde

ent of

ON

y

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.

Simple Network Management ProtocolSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application-layer InternProtocol (IP) that enables network devices to exchange management informaNetwork administrators can manage network performance, find and solve netwproblems, and plan for network growth. The ONS 15327 supports SNMP Vers1 (SNMPv1) and SNMP Version 2c (SNMPv2c); SNMPv2c offers additionalprotocol operations.

The ONS 15327 uses SNMP to communicate segments of the CTC informamodel to network management systems, such as HP OpenView Network NoManager (NNM) or Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) NetExpert. SNMPconveys information required for node-level inventory, fault, and performancmanagement of the ONS 15327 node, and for generic read-only managemeDS-1, DS-3, SONET, and Ethernet technologies.

The ONS 15327 incorporates SNMP Remote Monitoring (RMON) to allownetwork operators to monitor the ONS 15327 E10/100-4 (Ethernet) cards. RMoperates transparently with a network management application, but you canprovision RMON alarm thresholds with CTC.

Proxy ARPProxy Address Resolution protocol (ARP) enables a LAN-connected gatewaONS 15327 to automatically handle ARP requests for remote non-LAN ONS15327s connected by a DCC to the gateway ONS 15327. Proxy ARP requiremanual configuration in CTC.

Proxy ARP has a single LAN-connected ONS 15327 stand in (proxy) for remoONS 15327s. If a device on the LAN sends an ARP request intended for onthe DCC-connected ONS 15327s, the gateway ONS 15327 returns its own Maddress to the LAN device. The LAN device then sends the datagram intendedthe remote ONS 15327 to the MAC address of the proxy ONS 15327. The proONS 15327 forwards this data to the remote 15327 using its own ARP table


June 2002


NSiple

lloeirndts”

Figure 26 Proxy ARP example

Open Shortest Path FirstIf ONS 15327s are connected to Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) networks, O15327 network information can be automatically communicated across multLANs and WANs.

OSPF is a link state Internet routing protocol. Link state protocols use a “heprotocol” to monitor their links with adjacent routers and test their links to thneighbors. Link state protocols advertise their directly-connected networks atheir active links. Each link state router captures the link state “advertisemen

CTC WorkstationIP Address 192.168.1.100Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Default Gateway = N/A

ONS 15327 #2IP Address 192.168.1.20

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Default Router = N/AStatic Routes = N/A

ONS 15327 #1IP Address 192.168.1.10Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Default Router = N/AStatic Routes = N/A

ONS 15327 #3IP Address 192.168.1.30Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Default Router = N/AStatic Routes = N/A

LAN A

SONET RING

4657

7


June 2002


rompathges.

sentN7

7sOC)site

ugh

s. AC tope.7oss

and puts them together to create a topology of the entire network or area. Fthis database, the router calculates a routing table by constructing a shortesttree. Routes are continuously recalculated to capture ongoing topology chan

You can enable OSPF on the ONS 15327s so that the ONS 15327 topology isto OSPF routers on a LAN. Advertising the ONS 15327 network topology to LArouters eliminates the need to manually provision static routes for ONS 1532subnetworks.

Static Route ProvisioningThe ONS 15327 uses CTC to provision static network routes in ONS 15327network elements (NEs). Static routes make it possible to have multiple CTCsessions, with different destination IP addresses, on a network of ONS 1532that all lie on the same subnet. For example, a Network Operations Center (Ncan remotely monitor an ONS 15327 through CTC at the same time that an on-employee is logged into an ONS 15327 on the network with a separate CTCsession. Static routes also allow workstations to connect to ONS 15327s throrouters.

DCC TunnelingYou can tunnel third-party SONET equipment DCCs across ONS 15327 networkDCC tunnel is a series of connection points that map a third-party equipment DCONS 15327 DCCs. A DCC tunnel end point is defined by the slot, port, and DCC tyTo create a DCC tunnel, you connect the tunnel end points from one ONS 1532optical port to another. DCC traffic is forwarded transparently, byte-for-byte, acrthe ONS 15327 network.


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewNetwork Configurations

n

Rs

aic,

eron-12R.

Network ConfigurationsThe ONS 15327 supports unidirectional path switched rings (UPSRs),bidirectional line switched rings (BLSRs), subtending rings, linear add-dropmultiplexer (ADM) supporting 1+1 protection, and mixed configurations. You caalso create path-protected mesh networks (PPMNs)

Bidirectional Line Switched RingThe ONS 15327 supports two-fiber BLSRs with up to 32 ONS 15327 nodes. BLSwork well for distributed traffic applications, such as interoffice networks.

Two-fiber BLSRs allocate half the available fiber bandwidth for protection. Intwo-fiber OC-48 BLSR, for example, STSs 1–24 are allocated to working traffand STSs 25–48 are allocated for protection. If a break occurs on one fiber,working traffic switches to the protection bandwidth (STSs 25–48) on the othfiber. Working traffic travels in one direction on STSs 1–24 on one fiber, and STSs 1–24 in the opposite direction on the second fiber. You can create OCand OC-48 two-fiber BLSRs. Figure 27 shows an example of a two-fiber BLS


June 2002


utsice.

Figure 27 Two-fiber bidirectional line switched ring

Unidirectional Path Switched RingA UPSR is a closed-loop, two-fiber transport architecture that survives cable cand equipment failure because it provides duplicate fiber paths for each servNodes in the ring are connected using a single pair of optical fibers. Working

Node 0

Node 1

Node 2

Node 3 OC-48 Ring

= Fiber 1

= Fiber 2 6193

8

STSs 1-24 (working)

STSs 25-48 (protect)

STSs 1-24 (working)

STSs 25-48 (protect)


June 2002


ioniction.

o an

SRsand

ode. aal

traffic flows in one direction on the ring and the second fiber provides a protectpath flowing in the opposite direction. If a problem occurs in the working traffpath, the receiving node switches to the path coming from the opposite direc

Services can originate and terminate on the same UPSR or can be passed tadjacent access or interoffice ring for transport to the service-terminatinglocation. Because each traffic path is transported around the entire ring, UPare best suited for networks where traffic concentrates in one or two locationsis not widely distributed.

Figure 28 shows a basic UPSR configuration. If Node ID 0 sends a signal to NID 2, the working signal travels on the working traffic path through Node ID 1The same signal is also sent on the protect traffic path through Node ID 3. Iffiber break occurs, Node ID 2 switches its active receiver to the protect signcoming through Node ID 3.

Figure 28 Unidirectional path-switched ring example

ONS 15327Node ID 0

ONS 15327Node ID 1

ONS 15327Node ID 2

ONS 15327Node ID 3

4839

8= Fiber 1

= Fiber 2


June 2002


e; the

dsNS

Subtending RingsUPSRs and BLSRs can be subtended from one another using one shared nodnode can terminate and groom any one of the following ring combinations:

• 5 UPSRs, or

• 4 UPSRs and 1 BLSR, or

• 2 BLSRs

Subtending rings from an ONS 15327 reduces the number of nodes and carrequired, and reduces external shelf-to-shelf cabling. Figure 29 shows an O15327 with multiple subtending rings.

Figure 29 An ONS 15327 with multiple subtending rings

PathProtection

PathProtection

5180

6


June 2002


therve

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ith an

Figure 30 shows a UPSR subtending from a BLSR. In this example, Node 3 isonly node serving both the BLSR and UPSR. Optical cards in Slots 1and 2 sethe BLSR, and optical cards in Slots 3and 4 serve the UPSR.

Figure 30 UPSR subtending from a BLSR

Linear Add/Drop Multiplexer ModeIn ADM configuration, intermediate nodes have direct access to eastbound owestbound STS channels along a fiber route, and can connect any STS to aother STS for transport along the network. ADM configurations eliminate theneed for costly “back-to-back” terminal configurations and can be enhanced w1+1 protection for any or all transport spans in the system. Figure 31 showsADM configuration.

Node 3

Node 1

Node 2

BLSR

Node 4

Slot 4

Slot 2

Slot 2

Slot 2

Slot 4

Slot 3 Slot 1

Slot 1

Slot 1Slot 3

7175

0


June 2002


t/IP

toor to

ugh.

is

Figure 31 Linear (point-to-point) ADM configuration

The ONS 15327 supports a full range of line rates as well as TDM and Etherneaccess tributary interfaces at every node in ADM configuration. Thecross-connect helps to maximize bandwidth allocation by making it possiblemap any tributary STS channel to any eastbound or westbound SONET spanany other access tributary interface.

You can set up an ADM configuration in a few steps using CTC. At turn-up,identify the ONS 15327 network element as part of a linear (non-ring) ADMconfiguration. The ONS 15327 auto-detects connected network elements throany established transport spans. You can modify default settings as needed

Terminal Point-to-PointIn terminal point-to-point configuration, one node is physically connected toanother node with no intermediate nodes. The add-drop multiplexing featureusually provided but not used in this configuration.

Figure 32 A linear or UPSR connection between ONS 15327 and ONS 15454nodes

Node 1 Node 3Node 2

Slot 3 to Slot 3

Slot 1 to Slot 1

Slot 2 to Slot 2

Slot 4 to Slot 4

Working PathProtect line

7175

2

1+1 Linear (Point-to-Point) or Path Protection

ONS 15327 ONS 15454

5080

6


June 2002


the

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Path-Protected Mesh NetworkONS 15327 networks give you the option of setting up PPMN. PPMN extendsprotection scheme of UPSR from the basic ring configuration to the meshedarchitecture of several interconnecting rings. Typical UPSR protection createtwo separate routes between source and destination nodes on a single UPSPPMN does this for source and destination nodes that do not lie on the samebut link together through a network of meshed connections. When applied tosingle ring, PPMN uses the same paths as the UPSR.

PPMN connects the source and destination of a circuit over two diverse paththrough a network of single or multiple meshed rings. These two routes formcircuit-level UPSR. The source sends traffic on each of the diverse routes todestination node, where the destination node uses the active route or switchthe standby route. CTC can automatically route circuits across the PPMN, orcan manually route circuits.

Figure 33 shows an example of a PPMN. In the example, Node 3 is the sourceNode 9 is the destination. Automated provisioning automatically determines tthe shortest route between the two end nodes passes through Node 8 and Noshown by the dotted line. Cross-connections are automatically created at nod8, 7, and 9 to provide a working-traffic route.

If you check the protected circuit box in CTC, PPMN establishes a second uniroute between Nodes 3 and 9 and automatically creates cross-connections nodes 3, 2, 1, 11, and 9, shown by the dashed line. If a signal failure occurs onprimary path, traffic switches to the second, protected circuit path. In thisexample, Node 9 switches from the traffic coming in from Node 7 to the traffcoming in from Node 11 and service resumes. The switch occurs within 50milliseconds.


June 2002


Figure 33 A path-protected mesh network with ONS 15454s and ONS 15327s

= Primary path= Secondary path

Working

trafficProtect traffic

Source Node

DestinationNode

5184

8

Node 1

Node 11

Node 2

Node 4

Node 5

Node 6

Node 7

Node 8

Node 10

Node 9

Node 3


June 2002


.

Figure 34 PPMN virtual ring

ONS 15327 and ONS 15454 Mixed ConfigurationsThe ONS 15327 can mix BLSR, UPSR, and PPMN configurations in anycombination and with ONS 15454s. For example, an BLSR-configured ONS15327 node can be linked to an ONS 15454 UPSR.

Figure 35 shows an ONS 15327 subtended from an ONS 15454 UPSR or BLSR

OC-48 Path Protection OC-12OC-12

4840

1

ONS 15327Node 5

ONS 15327Node 1

ONS 15327Node 6

ONS 15327Node 2

ONS 15327Node 4

ONS 15327Node 8

ONS 15327Node 3

ONS 15327Node 7


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewTL1

an

ne

Figure 35 ONS 15327s and ONS 15454s in a mixed configuration(subtended ring)

TL1The ONS 15327 supports the full range of TL1 commands to provision andmanage ONS 15327 nodes. You can enable TL1 in three ways; two require RJ-45 LAN connection and the other requires a nine-pin RS-232 port.

RJ-45 LAN ConnectionThe XTC has two built-in interface ports for accessing the ONS 15327. With oRJ-45 interface browser LAN connection you can access the system using astandard browser interface. From the browser interface, you open a VT100emulation window to enter TL1 commands.

ONS 15454

ONS 15454

ONS 15454

ONS 15454

Path Protection or BLSR

Path Protection

ONS 15327

ONS 15327

OC-12 or OC-48

OC-12

or O

C-48

5080

7


June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewONS 15327 Installation and Hardware

lnet is

232

cks thefront

l

trayhat

Use port number 2361 to access the ONS 15327 TL1 commands using a Tesession over a craft interface or RJ-45 LAN connection. The LAN connectionlocated on the front panel of the XTC card.

RS-232 Serial VT100 EmulationIf a browser is not available, you can access the system using a nine-pin RS-port to open a VT100 emulation window and enter TL1 commands directlywithout a browser.

ONS 15327 Installation and HardwareYou can mount the ONS 15327 in a 19- or 23-inch, EIA or Telcordia-standard raand up to 12 ONS 15327s can be used in a single 7-foot rack.You can accesONS 15327 cards, cables, connectors, power feeds, and fan tray through theof the ONS 15327 only.

Fan Tray AssemblyThe fan tray assembly is a removable drawer that holds fans and fan-controcircuitry for the ONS 15327. After you install the fan tray, you do not need toremove it unless a fan failure occurs or you need to replace or clean the fanfilter. The fan tray assembly has an air filter on the right side of the fan tray tyou can install and remove by hand to visually inspect.


June 2002


to

let all

er

the

Figure 36 ONS 15327 fan tray assembly

Cable ManagementYou can use fiber-optic, coaxial, CHAMP, and twisted-pair cables to connectthe ONS 15327.

ONS 15327 uses locking cable guides on each side of the shelf assembly toprovide efficient cable management and to economize shelf space. The cabguides ensure that the proper bend radius is maintained in the fibers and thaother cables are properly routed. You can easily remove the fiber guides ifnecessary to create a larger opening, for example, if you need to route coppEthernet cables out the side.

Figure 37 shows the cable guides routing cables from the front to the sides ofshelf.

12

34

E10

/100

-T

FAILACTSF

12

34

E10

/100

-T

FAILACTSF

OC

12/S

TM

-4IR

131

0

FAILACTSF

OC

48/S

TM

-16

IR 1

310

FAILACTSF

ACO

LANCRAFT

XT

C-2

8-3

LAMPTEST

FAILACT/STBYSYNCACO

DS3 SFDS1 SFPWR APWR B

CRITMAJMINREM

ACO

LANCRAFT

XT

C-2

8-3

LAMPTEST

FAILACT/STBYSYNCACO


CRITMAJMINREM

BITS

MIC

B

ALARMDS1 (15-28)

-48V RET

PWR B

Rx 1Rx 2

Rx 3

BITS

MIC

A

ALARMDS1 (15-28)

-48V RET

PWR B

Tx 1Tx 2

Tx 3


FANSTATUS

4787

3

4

3

2

1


June 2002


d

Figure 37 ONS 15327 with locking cable guides

Assembly Specifications• Dimensions

– Height: 5.1 inches (13 cm)

– Width: 19 or 23 inches (48.3 or 58.4 cm) with mounting ears attache

– Depth: 11 inches (28 cm)

– Weight: 15 lbs, empty; 27 lbs, maximum

• Cisco Transport Controller

– 10 Base-T

– XTC access: RJ-45 connector

• Database Storage: Nonvolatile 96 MB, FLASH memory

• BITS Interface

– 2 DS-1 BITS inputs

– 2 derived DS-1 outputs

• System Timing

– Internal Stratum 3 per Telcordia GR-253-CORE

12

34

E10

/100

-T

FAILACTSF

12

34

E10

/100

-T

FAILACTSF

OC

12/S

TM

-4IR

131

0

FAILACTSF

OC

48/S

TM

-16

IR 1

310

FAILACTSF

ACO

LANCRAFT

XT

C-2

8-3

LAMPTEST

FAILACT/STBYSYNCACO


CRITMAJMINREM

ACO

LANCRAFT

XT

C-2

8-3

LAMPTEST

FAILACT/STBYSYNCACO


CRITMAJMINREM

BITS

MIC

B

ALARMDS1 (15-28)

-48V RTN

PWR B

Rx 1Rx 2

Rx 3

BITS

MIC

A

ALARMDS1 (15-28)

-48V RTN

PWR B

Tx 1Tx 2

Rx 3


FANSTATUS

5107

2

4

3

2

1

5

6

7

8


June 2002


in

– Free running accuracy: 4.6 ppm

– Holdover Stability: 3.7 x10 -7 /day, including temperature (< 255slipsfirst 24 hours)

– Reference: External BITS, line, internal

• TL1 Craft Interface

– Speed: 9600 baud

– Front panel access: RS-232 DB9 type connector

• External LAN Interface: 10 Base-T Ethernet

• Alarm Interface

– Visual: Critical, Major, Minor, Remote

– Audible: Critical, Major, Minor, Remote

– Alarm contacts: 0.045mm, -48V, 50 mA

• Environmental Specifications

– Operating Temperature: 0 to +55 degrees Celsius (standard)

– Operating Temperature: -40to +65 degrees Celsius (I-Temp)

– Operating Humidity: 5 - 95% non-condensing

• Power Specifications

Input power: -48V DC

– Power consumption: 260 W (maximum draw with cards)

– Power requirements: -42 to -57 VDC

– Power terminals: Spring Terminal block (#12 AWG)

• Cards

– XTC-14

– XTC-28-3

– MIC-28-3-A

– MIC-28-3-B

– E10/100-4

– OC3 IR 4 1310

– OC12 IR 1310


June 2002


– OC12 LR 1550

– OC48 IR 1310

– OC48 LR 1550

• Card Slot Assignment

– Total card slots: 8

– High-speed slots (Ethernet, OC-12, and OC-48): Slots 1- 4

– XTC (Cross-Connect, Timing, and Control): Slots 5, 6

– MIC (Mechanical Interface Card): Slots 7, 8

• Network Configurations

– Terminal mode

– Add-drop multiplexer (ADM) mode

– Regenerator mode

– Two-fiber bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR)

– Two-fiber unidirectional path switched ring (UPSR)

– Path-protected mesh network (PPMN)


June 2002



June 2002

Cisco ONS 15327 Product OverviewIntroductionCards and Card SlotsXTC CardTiming and Control FunctionsIn-Service Upgrade

Mechanical Interface CardsOptical CardsOC3 IR 4 1310 CardOC12 IR 1310 CardOC12 LR 1550 CardOC48 IR 1310 CardOC48 LR 1550 CardE10/100-4 Card

Card ProtectionElectrical ProtectionOptical Card ProtectionLinear Automatic Protection SwitchingRevertive Switching

Cisco Transport ControllerGraphical User InterfaceProxy Server FeaturesPassword SecurityCircuit Provisioning and ManagementAuto RangeDetailed Circuit Map

Login OptionsDCC ConnectivityLogin Node GroupsPerformance MonitoringCORBAProvisioning CardsCustomized Network Topology Map

In-Service Span UpgradesAlarm Collection and DisplayCTC DisplayAlarm ProfilesAlarm CutoffUser-Provisionable External Alarms and Controls

TimingTiming ParametersSynchronization Status Messaging

EthernetTransparent Local Area Network Service

Spanning Tree ProtocolSingle-card and Multicard EtherSwitchEthernet Circuits

Network ManagementSimple Network Management ProtocolProxy ARPOpen Shortest Path FirstStatic Route ProvisioningDCC Tunneling

Network ConfigurationsBidirectional Line Switched RingUnidirectional Path Switched RingSubtending RingsLinear Add/Drop Multiplexer ModeTerminal Point-to-PointPath-Protected Mesh NetworkONS 15327 and ONS 15454 Mixed Configurations

TL1RJ-45 LAN ConnectionRS-232 Serial VT100 Emulation

ONS 15327 Installation and HardwareFan Tray AssemblyCable ManagementAssembly Specifications

cisco ons 15327 product overview - mik · 2008. 2. 25. · cisco ons 15327 product overview cards...

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