cisco end-to-end iptv service architecture

8/9/2019 Cisco End-To-End IPTV Service Architecture

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialBRKBBA-3010 1

End-to-End IPTVService Architecture

Cisco ExPo, 2007

Cisco

[email protected]


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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKBBA-3010 2

Agenda

Introduction

Video Coding and Transport

Scrambling - Encryption

IPTV Standards & Protocols

IPTV Building Blocks

Set top box

Content delivery services

IP Transport Network

Quality of Experience


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Introduction


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Introduction

The market is growing: 8.1 million subscribers end of2006. 50.7 million by 2010.

Broadcast quality IPTV is made possible by leveragingbroadband access and Carrier Ethernet systems.

IPTV services are based on technology provided by thevideo broadcasting industry

DVB for services delivery, scrambling and program information

MPEG for digital video encoding and transport compatibility

IP provides flexibility in the service delivery

Market source: MRG


5/78 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKBBA-3010 5

Video broadcasting network hierarchy

Contribution: Uncompressed and slightly compressedvideo and audio sources from remote location or studio

to studio

Primary distribution: Compressed A/V sources from thePlayout Center to the video head-end, transmission

tower or satellite uplink

Access distribution: Compressed A/V sources from thesatellite downlink, transmission tower or IPTV/cable

video head-end to the subscriber



Broadcaster Contribution Network

SatelliteSatellite

UpUp--linklink

ProductionProduction

ProductionProduction

News StudioNews Studio

PostPost -- ProductionProduction

VenueVenue

PlayoutPlayout CenterCenter



Broadcaster Distribution Networks



From broadcasting to IPTV

Content broadcasting has a well established contentdistribution hierarchy

IPTV based services provide a new delivery platformfor content. Enabling consumption changes from linearbroadcasting to on demand models

Content distribution is transitioning from SynchronousDigital Interfaces (SDI) for uncompressed sourcesand/or from Asynchronous Serial Interfaces (ASI) for

compressed sources towards IP based transport

Broadcasting services are in transition of beingdelivered over IP multicast enabled infrastructures



Video codingand transport



Why compress video?

Uncompressed Digital Video in the SDI (SynchronousDigital Interface) format requires a tremendous amountof bandwidth to transmit

270Mbps for Standard Definition Service

1.485Gbps for High Definition Service

Compression techniques are required in order to delivervideo services over broadband IP networks

Also required to reduce the storage space requirementsfor Video on Demand (VOD) systems

Defined by international bodies such as the Moving

Picture Experts Group (MPEG)



How Compression is Achieved

Limitations of human perception are used to determine whatinformation can be discarded from the signal without asignificant reduction in perceived signal quality

Visual Limitations

Limited resolution

Higher luminance resolution than color resolutionHigher sensitivity for coarse picture details than fine details

Psychoacoustic Limitations

Limited frequency response

Non-linear frequency response

Limited volume range



Compression Process: Overview

Spatial Redundancy (space)

all the pixels in this area are the same color

Temporal Redundancy (time)

describe differences between frames

Visual/Perceptual Redundancy (lossy)discards data

Statistical Redundancy (can be lossless)

mathematically reduces data



Temporal Redundancy: Highlight

Motion Prediction Frame types

I Frame

Complete Frame Encoded

P Frame

Ball Encoded with Motion Vectorfrom I frame

B FrameOnly Motion Encoded

Ball Bi-directionally from I & P



Compression Methods: Temporal

9/3 Group Of Pictures (GOP) Frame Timing Sequence

Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame

I B B P B B P B B I

I P B B P B B I

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

B B

0 1 23 4 56 7 89

Rec 601 Video Frames

ElementaryStream

Decode Sequence

Presentation Sequence

Frame


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MPEG-2 VideoVideo Hierarchy Sequence

. . . S E Q U E N C E . . .

II BB PP BB II BB PP BB

G.o.P x G.o.P x+1

... ...

Picture B

Slice 3

MB MB MB MB MB MB MBSlice 1

Y1 Y2

Y3 Y4Cb Cr

Macroblock k

Block n8 x 8 pixels


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H.264/AVC/MPEG-4 part 10Video Hierarchy Sequence

. . . S E Q U E N C E . . .

II BB PP BB II BB PP BB

G.o.V x G.o.V x+1

... ...

VOP #2

Slice c

MB MB MB MB MB MB MB

MB MB MB

MB

Slice a

Y1 Y2

Y3 Y4Cb Cr

Macroblock k

MB *VariableMB and Block

Block n8 x 8 pixels


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Encoder Compression Process

1. Process Composite and SDI Input signals.

2. Use Chroma sub-sampling Compression.

3. Use Temporal Compression methods

4. Use Spatial Compression methods to further compress data.

5. Use Mathematical Compression to further compress data.

6. Multiplex Video and Audio data to produce a Single ProgramTransport Stream.

COMP

In

SDI In

Process

signals

Y

Cr

Cb

Use Temporal

Compression

methods to

further

compress

Multiplex

signals to

Transport

Stream

Use Spatial

Compression

TS

ENCODER1

3

Use

Subsampling

Compression

Use

Mathematical

Compression

2 5 64


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MPEG-2 Single Program TransportStream

Transport Stream defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 or ITU-T H.222.0

Video

PES

PCRs

Audio

PES

MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam)

or Dolby AC-3 5.1 Surround

Audio Elementary Stream

MPEG-2

TransportStream

Mux

Video

Encoder

Audio

Encoder

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2

SDTV or HDTV Video

Elementary StreamPacketizer

Video

Input

Audio

Inputs Packetizer

27 MHz clock

Timing Information

MPEG-2

SPTS to

network

or

storage

AudioPES

Alternate audio tracks

Optional application data

Contains a single videoprogram with associated

audio, data, etc.

PAT (PID=0) & PMT


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MPEG-2 Transport Stream Details

4 bytes4 bytes

Sync

byte

0x47

Transport

error

Indicator

Payload

unit start

Indicator

Transport

Scrambling

Control

Transport

PriorityPID

Adaptation

Field Control

Continuity

Counter

8 bits8 bits 11 11 2211 1313 22 4 bits4 bitsPacketPacket

HeaderHeader

188188 bytesbytes

eam packeteam packet MPEGMPEG--2 Tra2 Tra

Stuffing

bytes0xFF

Discontinuity

IndicatorFlags

Random

access

Indicator

Elementary

Stream

Priority

1 bit1 bit 55

Adaptation

field

length

Packet Payload

(PES or PSI data)

Start code 0x000001yy

PCR OPCRAdaptation

field ext.

Splice

countdownTS private

data

42 + 642 + 6 resres 8 bits8 bitsAdaptationAdaptation

FieldsFields

42 + 642 + 6 resres

. . .. . .. . .. . .

8 bits8 bits

Optional

Adaptation

Fields

variablevariable

1 bit1 bit 1 bit1 bit

MPEGMPEG--2 Transport Stream packet2 Transport Stream packet

Each 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one eleEach 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one elementarymentarystream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID valuestream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID value


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Encapsulation of MPEG-2 TS over IP

MPEG-2

TS(188)

RTP

Header(12)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

RTP

Header(12)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

UDP

Header(8)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

RTP

Header(12)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

MPEG-2

TS(188)

UDP

Header(8)

IP

Header(20)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

RTPHeader

(12)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

MPEG-2TS

(188)

UDPHeader

(8)

IPHeader

(20)

L2Header

(26)

2-3% L3 overhead, 1316 bytes MPEG2 + 28 (40 w/ RTP) IP

4-5% L2+L3 overhead, 1316 + 54 (66 w/ RTP) bytes


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Program Clock Reference

PCR clockphase

generator

PCR:encoderstamps

departuretime ofpacket

PCR clockfrequencygenerator

PCR:

arrivaltime ofpacket

PESSyntax

System

MUX

PESSyntax

Display

System

DEMUX

PCR clockrecovered

AudioDecoder

VideoDecoder

AudioEncoder

VideoEncoder

variable delay = e(n) variable delay = d(n)constant trans delay = Ctrans

constant total delay = Ctotal


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H.264 vs. MPEG-2 video Bit rate savings of up to 50% or more

Requires roughly 2-3 times the calculation power and memory

Motion compensation

Variable block sizes as small as 4x4 vs. 16x16Motion vector estimation: down to a of a pixel vs. of a pixel

Interpolative pictures: up to 5 frames for motion estimation vs. 2 frames

Spatial redundancy reduction

Integer transform vs. DCT. Reducing the influence of rounding errors

Reduces the Mosquito Noise effect

Exact reconstruction by all decoders (eg: STBs)

Higher number of quantization levels: 52 vs. 31

Improved entropic coding using Context Adaptive Binary ArithmeticCoding (CABAC) vs. static Variable Length Code (VLC)

In-loop adaptive filter in the encoder and decoder with the aim ofreducing the blockiness.


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Time

Original bit rate is 2.1 Mbps

Target bit rate in Q4/ 07 is 1.30 Mbps ! (~ 40% reduction)

Bit rate

January 0 6

2.1 Mbps

June 06 I BC 06 Q4/ 06

1.8 Mbps

1.6 Mbps

1.5 Mbps

1.30 Mbps Q4/ 07

H.264 Encoder Video Quality Improvements

Bit rate

April 06

8.5

Mbps

June 06 Q4/ 06 Q1/ 07

7.5 Mbps

7 Mbps

6.5 Mbps

6 Mbps

Q4/ 07

5 Mbps

I BC 06

Time

Std Def

AVC Encoding

Original bit rat e is 8.5 Mbps

Target bit rate in Q4/ 07 is 5 Mbps ! (> 40% reduction)

Hi Def


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Scrambling -Encryption


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Scrambling vs. DRM

Content protection can be broken down into 2 mainareas:

Conditional Access (CA) ensures video streams are onlyaccessible by those entitled to receive them. Scrambles thesignal with encryption keys and manages those keys based onviewers entitlement rights

Digital Rights Management (DRM) focuses on controllingaccess to the content by restricting how many times contentmay be viewed or copied. This may be based on viewingplatforms (ie: HDTV, PC, mobile phone) and content release

timeframes.


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Conditional Access

Conditional Access contains three layers:

Encrypting/Scrambling Layer

Control Word (CW)

Service/Operator Layer

Entitlement Control Message (ECM)

Management Layer

Entitlement Management Message (EMM)


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Encryption: Access Criteria & Rights

Mechanism to ensure only authorized users can decrypt

Access Criteria: Access Criteria that has to be valid to give the

subscriber access to the service - Service related (service layer) Ex. AC of Service A: Theme = Comics

Transported in ECM (Entitlement Control Message)

Access Right: Rights to a particular (group of) service(s) -subscriber related (management layer)

Ex. AR of John = {Can watch theme Comics and Docu, IPPV}

Transported in EMM (Entitlement Management Message)


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CWCW

ECMECM

EMMEMM

MPEG-2 Conditional Access Architecture

Three nested layers of CAS encryption:

CableCARD, DCAS

or DVB-CI in STB

EMMEMM

Control Word

Generator

ECM

Encryption

Subscriber

Management

Subscriber

Authorization

M

u

x

MM

uu

xx

CAsub-

system

Public Key

Identity

UnscrambledMPEG-2 TS

packets

ECMECM

CWCW

TxTx

ScrambledMPEG-2 TS

packets

DES-CBC,

DVB-CSA, etc.

Even/Odd key

Sent >0.4 sec

before needed

Scrambling

Changed every

5 to 15 seconds

per

content

per

subscriber

Key Control

Management

of protected

asset

De

m

ux

DDee

mm

uu

xx

PCMCIA or Secure MicroPCMCIA or Secure Micro

DescramblerScrambler

MPEG-2

MPTS

Designed for a broadcast environment


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IPTV BuildingBlocks


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Wireline IPTV/Video Overview


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Systems Interoperability Requirements

Encoder IP-STB Middleware VOD CAS

Encoder X X X

IP-STB X X X X

Middleware X X X

VOD X X X X

CAS X X X X


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IPTV Headend: Functionalities

QPSK

AcquisitionOFDM

QAM

ATM

A/V

Encode

E3/DS3

IP

Streaming

T

ransrating

De

scrambling

Re-Multiplexin

g

S

crambling

Management

ASI

Trans

code


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IPTV Headend

Content Management:Scrambling & Streaming

EncodingVideo routerIRD

IP cloud HE or

network

SDI

Management System

QPSK

SDI

Atlas

OFDM ASIIndus

ASI

SDI

SDI

SDI

SDI

SDI

DCM

SDI

SDI

SDI

SDI

Backup Unit

BU

HD

Decoders

Conditional AccessSystem(s)

IPTV Headend


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IPTV HeadendIntegrated Receiver Decoder

Typical capabilities of an IRD:

Single or Dual decoder configurations

4:2:0 MPEG-2 Video Decode

DVB-S or IP Input

NTSC/PAL video with MPEG/Dolby Digital (AC-3) audio

4:3 &16:9 Aspect Ratio

DVB-CI

DVB VBI & Subtitling

EBU Teletext Decoding SNMP & Web Interface

IPTV Headend


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IPTV HeadendH.264/AVC Encoder

D9054

D9054 Single Slice

H.264 MP@L4 (MPEG-4) encoder

1080i, 720p support

Single slice AVC HD encoder

Integrated Picture in Picture

Integrated HE-AAC audio IP and ASI outputs Multi-Slice

IPTV Headend


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IPTV HeadendDigital Content Manager (DCM)

May fit in both centralized and distributed architectures

Multiplexes multiple source streams into one stream

Provides transrating to deliver more programs over lessbandwidth

Ad insertion capabilities

Secure content using DVB Simulcrypt scrambling Delivers one to one and service redundancy

Modular Platform

IPTV Headend


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IPTV HeadendDigital Content Manager (DCM)

4 I/O boards available ASI board: 10 ASI in/outputs GbE board: 2 GbE inputsplus 2 redundant

Full duplexEach port configurable as input oroutput

Co-Processor daughter board Mated to I/O card Optional FPGA with zillions of gates Allow extreme transrating DPI

Scrambling


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Set top box


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IP Set top box features

10/100bT

Ethernet

HDMI

YPrPb Dual Scart

Optical

S/PDIF

RF

RemodulationDVB-T in

RF in

12 VDC

Power

L/R Audio

USB 2.0


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STB data flow

STB Network BufferDe-jitter

Re-order

FEC/re-xmit

STB

Video Decode Buffer

Private

data

To CPU

Video data

Audio data

STB

Audio Decode Buffer

Transpor

tDemux

TV

Video

audio

CBR/VBR

Packets

2. Transport

Demux

separates video

and audio

1. Packets enter the

network buffer 3. When buffer is ~ full,

Audio and Video

Decoders play from BufferBuffers are not synchronised and act independently one from another

S i tifi Atl t F il f IP STB


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Scientific Atlantas Family of IP STBs

Standard Definition

IPN330SD

Key Features Advanced System On Chip

(SOC) silicon

MPEG-4/H.264, VC-1 and

MPEG-2 Standard and High Definition

WinCE or Linux OS

Options for Middleware and

CA/DRM

z Single SD plus PIP decode

High Definition

IPN330HD

z Single SD or HD plus PIP decode

Digital Video Recorder

IPN430MCz Single SD or HD plus PIP decode

z Fanless DVR (80 GB typical)

z Whole house server

Multi-Stream DVR Gateway

IPN603MCG z One set-top for the entire home

(3 decoders-in-one)

z HD to primary TV

zTwo SD/RF outputs to other TVs

z Fanless DVR (80 GB typical)


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Content DeliveryServices

What is VOD?


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What is VOD?

Leverages

Digital Cable or IPSet Top Boxes (STBs)

Service Provider

VOD is about putting the consumer in

control in accessing high-qualityvideo-based content

VOD = Video-On-Demand

C t t t


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Content management

Asset = Content + Metadata describing the content

Description uses XML language

CableLabs specifications available

Building and associating Metadata with content

Linking Metadata with the Electronic Program Guide

Asset Management

Pushing titles (media + metadata) to the edge servers(CDN/VOD)

Making titles available/unavailable (publishing)

http://www.cablelabs.com/projects/metadata/specifications/specifications20.html

C t t A Di t ib ti P tt


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Content Access Distribution Patterns

Popular titles are accessed the mostbut actual use depends on many things:

MOD vs. SVOD vs. FreeVOD (service type)Promotion of service and titles (advertising)

Timeliness of content (content window)

Churn or replacement rate (new content)Type of content (Hollywood movies, documentaries, library)

Size of content library (i.e. number of titles)

Time of the day, day of the week

Follows a ZipforExponential Distribution model

C t t D li S t hit t


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Content Delivery System architecture

Catcher is the content acquisitionpoint into the system

Distributed architecture

Hierarchical network storage

Streaming at the network edge

Multi level cache

Vaults:

Ingest & reliable storage for ametro, region or nation

Streamers:

Personalized video

streamingPulls content from Vault ondemand and caches atnetwork edge

Many TV Streamer Arrays

served by single Vault

Catcher

Vault Array

Streamer

Arrays

Set Top Box & EPG Set Top Box & EPG

Middl


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Middleware

Acts as the interface between the STB and thedifferent service platforms in an IPTV architecture

Service Discovery (EPG) and Selection

Interface to Subscriber Management and Billingplatforms

Interface to Session Resource Manager

Interface to VOD servers

Limited standardised framework, each vendor hashis own solution, APIs and system components


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Service Information: PSI / SI


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Service Information: PSI / SI

Program Specific Information and Service Information

Tells what can be found where

The PSI/SI is needed for auto tuning and auto setup of STBs,IRDs ...

(P)SI is organized in sections and tables

Some descriptors should be present in the tables Tables are encoded as payload in the TS packets

One table can be spread over several packets

must be broadcasted regularly, standardized by MPEG-2 (e.g.every 500 ms)

Video PSI Audio Data

TV Anytime


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TV-Anytime

TV-Anytime is an open standard for metadata describing TV andradio programs that is designed to support Personal VideoRecorders (PVRs), program guides and related technologies.

Not limited to DVB-SI information and is transport agnostic, can becarried over DVB, ATSC, DBS, TCP/IP.

Standardised by ETSI in TS 102 822

URL based on Content Reference Identifier (CRID) RFC 4078.crid://xyz.domain.com/abc/def

Compressed metadata requires of the DVB-SI space. Less

storage space & less bandwidth overhead -> more and/or richercontent data.

http://portal.etsi.org/radio/TVAnytime/TVanytime.asp

DVB Service Discovery and Selection


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DVB Service Discovery and Selection

The SD&S specification covers:

Service (and Provider) discovery

Service selectionTransport of the Discovery information (push and pull modes)

Service discovery results in:

List of available providers and services, with sufficientinformation to make a choice/select (user) and to enable access(system)

Two types of Live Media Broadcast

TS full SI: DVB-SI embedded in the transport stream

TS optional SI: Only PSI must be embedded in the transportstream

Service discovery information represented with and carried as XMLrecords

Service Selection


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Service Selection

Live Media Broadcast services:

Data sent to a multicast group is only forwarded to receiverswhich explicitly joined the multicast group using IGMP

DVB-IP supports IGMPv3

introduces source specific multicast (SSM) to optimise IPmulticast network load

enables routers to filter on specific source addresses ofsenders of multicast groups.

Optionally RTSP may be used

Content on Demand services:Delivered over IP unicast

Accessed via RTSP, DVB-IP profile specified (to guarantee

interoperability and reduce testing effort)

DVB Broadband Content Guide


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DVB Broadband Content Guide

Defined in ETSI TS 102 539 v1.1.1 (2006-11)

Broadband Content Guide (BCG) refers to a Content Guide deliverover IP

However, it can be used to describe content that is delivered overany network (e.g. IP, DVB-S, DVB-T)

BCG data model:

Based on TV-Anytime XML Schema (ETSI TS 102 822)

BiM-encoded (Binary format for Multimedia description streams)

BCG encapsulation:

All BCG data is segmented and carried inside Data Delivery Units

BCG transport:

Uses existing DVB-IP transport for SD&S

Optional query mechanism for metadata acquisition: SOAP over HTTP


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IP TransportNetwork

IPTV over BB Solution


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IPTV over BB Solution

Cisco Gigabit-Ethernet Optimized

IPTV/Video over Broadband SolutionDesign and Implementation Guide,

Release 1.1

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/vobbsols/vob2/vb2dig/index.htm

Redundancy models


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Redundancy models

Dual streams (1+1 RTP sessions)

Let the receiver decide which one to take

More applicable in cable vs. DSL/FTTH

Heartbeat

Active sends periodic hello to standby (muted) source

Receiver driven

Same group with two sources. STB decides which one to join usingIGMPv3

Requires IGMPv3 support on STB

Anycast Source

Two (or more) sources actively sending with same origin IP addressNetwork decides which one to use using its metrics

Disaster-recovery and redundant headend applications

IGMPv3 or IGMPv2

Advantages of SSM


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Advantages of SSM

Simpler

Sources are known in advance

No Rendez-Vous Point (RP)

Single (Shortest Path or SPT) tree

More secure

Only one source can send to SSM channel

Prevents DoS by malicious attacks or misconfigurations More scalable

Better use of address space

Receiver needs to use IGMPv3 for source specific join

Alternative is to do SSM Mapping at the PIM router

Map IGMPv2 (*,G) join to a source specific PIM join


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Next Generation Broadband Services HaveDifferent Transport and Operational Needs


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Different Transport and Operational Needs

Service Type Transport Service Application Service

SLA Type Transport SLA Access Behavior

Bandwidth AccessRates

Drop, Delay, Jitterper Service

Service LevelDestinations andAccounting

Application SLA

Video: # of Set Tops,TV Package, PVR,HDTV vs SDTV

Voice: # of Voice Calls,# of Phones,Telephony Services,Telephone Numbers,etc.

SubscriberControl

SLAEnforcement

Network Based

Enforced by

Service Gateway Traffic Policies per

Subscriber Session

Application Based

Based on Application

Signaling

QoS

Network Based

Service andSession Gateway

PPPoE, IPoESessionManagement

PPPoE LineID VSA,DHCP Option 82,Username, MAC.

Application Based

SIP Proxy

Video Middleware

Subscriber & ServiceClass Level

Different ServiceClasses

Per subscriber

serviceclassification,queuing andshaping

Service Aggregate Level Single Queue per

Service Class

Differentiated ServiceQOS Model

Network ConnectionAdmission Control

Internet Access

Operational Intensive, Transport SLA

Internet Access


Triple Play (Voice, VoD, TV)

Transport Intensive, Application SLA

Triple Play (Voice, VoD, TV)

Transport Intensive, Application SLA

Wholesale Services

Aggregate Transport SLAs,

Wholesale Services

Aggregate Transport SLAs,

Ethernet to the Business


Ethernet to the Business


Next Generation Broadband Architecture


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DSLAccess Node

BRAS

L3VPN PE

ServiceControl

Business

Residential

STB

Aggregation

Aggregation

Core Network

IP / MPLS

Business

Aggregation

SiSi

SiSi

SiSi

SiSi

SiSi

EthernetAccess Node

Aggregation NetworkMPLS and/OR Ethernet,IP/IP mcast/ PIM/SSM

L2 Access L2/3 Edge

Identity Address

Mgmt

Portal Subscriber

DatabaseMonitoring

Policy

DefinitionBilling

Policy Control Plane (per subscriber)

Distribution

Residential

STBVoD

Content Network

TV SIP

VoD

Content Network

TV SIP

Distribution


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Quality ofExperience

QoE from the users perspective


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p p

Based on the end users subjective perception of theservice delivered defined by:

Content availabilityChoice, ease of access and indexing of the available content

Audio and video quality

A/V resolution, lip synchronization, subtitles, clean audio

User Interface

Design, navigation, ergonomics, color palette

Electronic Program Guide

Program description, genre classification, up to date with last

minute schedule changes

IPTV QoE in the architecture STB


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A/VEncoding

FEC

EPG info qualityGUI design

Network ElementsDelay, jitter,

packet ordering

VOD

Server loaddistribution

Fast ChannelChange,

RSVP CAC

MetroAggregation

Network

VoD Servers

Home

gateway

Homegateway

Home

gateway

Homegateway

Homegateway

Homegateway

IP/MPLSCore

SuperHeadEnd

Live

Broadcast& VoDAsset

Distribution

Central/EndOffice

VoD Servers

IRT/RTE

IRT/RTE

DistrictOffices

Home networking

Delay, jitter, packetordering

STBA/V decode buffers,

Lip sync,Output interfaces

A/VEncoding

Highlights of the main areas

Central/End

Offices

MW Servers

QoS Guidelines for Video


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No per subscriber SLA needed

Network SLAs

Delay: not critical. Most applications are unaffected

Jitter: not critical. IP-STBs can buffer 200 msec

Packet-loss: critical. Packet loss rate < 10-6 (one noticeableartifact per hour of streaming @ 4Mbps ). 1 video packet lostmay lead to >500 ms of visible artifacts.

Packet loss due to queue drops by bursts ataggregation points from multiple sources (also numberof hops, link occupation)

Queue depth sizing using probability analysis so packetloss rate (e.g. 10-6) is below target

Impact of Packet Loss


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Macro blocking (pixilation)

Continuity counter errors and sync loss

Invalid MPEG tables and table playout rate violation,including frame loss and frame freeze

PCR jitter, playout rate, drift violation In worst case, this may lead to STB lockup

Highly dependent on the information lost, codec used,bitrate, decoder concealment algorithms, loss distanceand rate

Packet Loss example


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0% PacketLoss

0.5 % Packet

Loss

5 % PacketLoss

On-Path CAC Benefits and Applicability


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Since RSVP message follow exact same path as flow, RSVP CAC :

Is Accurate in any arbitrary topology (ring, mesh, star, hub, chain,)

Dynamically adjusts to reroute, failures, capacity increase

eg from Nx1GE to (N+1)x1GE, from Nx1GE to 10 GEIs Completely independent of VoD Content Distribution

RSVP CAC can cover all links in Aggregation

RSVP CAC also covers DSLAM uplinks

RSVP CAC brings a lot of value as soon as aggregation topology isnon-trivial:

Carry higher VoD load for given

Increase QoE for given

Decrease required links bandwidth for given

Requires VoD Transport over native IP or over LDP/Global

RSVP-based VoD CAC


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L3 IP/MPLS

Core

VoD

BRAS

802.1Q

Ethernet/IP/MPLS Aggregation

Business

Corporate

Cisco 7600

(U-PE)

IPoE

Residential

VoDController

/SRMEntitlement SysSession Mgt, EPG

Middleware

eg RTSP

RSVP Path

RSVP Resv

IPoE

IPoE

IPoE

CAC

CAC

CACCAC

CAC

VoD Stream

Oversubscription on DSLAM link


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PE

10GE

1GE

250-500 users per DLAM

1GE

DSLAM

DSLAM

DSLAM

200-250 DLAMs per 7600

2. Triple Play Services need tosupport 250 500 users

- Voice : IP phone connectionsper home

- Video : 200 500 cable channels- Data : Internet

- VOD : 10 % users using VOD

Key Points

3. If 500 homes on a single DSLAMare all watching a different channel,the total BW required for video alonewould be 500 x 4Mbps = 2Gbps!!!

4. This is NOT enough BW for a gooduser experience in the worst casescenario.

5. And dont forget, we still need BW toaccomodate Voice, VoD & Data!

6. CONCLUSION

Cat7600

1. 250 500 end users need tobe supported on a 1 GbpsDSLAM uplink.

Simply Not Enough BWfor all the Triple Play Services

1GE

Per Interface Mroute State Limit


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PE

1GE

1GE

DSLAM

DSLAM

Cat7600

10GE

250-500 users per DLAM

DSLAM

Key Points: interface Gig0/0description --- Interface towards DSLAM ---...

ip igmp limit 125

1GE

IGMP State Limit Feature:Limit the number of receivers allowedto join a source per interface

4. The required CAC needed perinterface comes out to:

500Mbps/4Mbps = 125 mroutes

3. 50% of each outgoing 1Gbpslink (500Mbps) needs to beprovisioned for multicastvideo leaving the remaining50% for Voice, Internet & VoD.

PE

300 channels x 4Mbps = 1.2Gbps > 1GE

Multicast Video (50%)

Voice, Internet, VOD

2. Each SDTV channel isapproximately 4Mbps.

1. Assume the number of SDTVchannels offered by a ServiceProvider is 300

BW Based Hierarchical Per Interface MrouteState Limit


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Key Points:

BW Based Limit Feature:Configure BW costs for group rangesConfigure BW limits per interfacebased on costs

3. Service Provider (SP) would like toprovision fair sharing ofbandwidth between these three

content providers to itsconsumers across 1Gbps links.

4. Each CP should be able to use upto 250Mbps & leave the remaining250 Mbps for Voice/Internet/VoD.

! Global

ip multicast limit cost MPeg2-SD-channels 4000 ! Cost or BW per group

ip multicast limit cost MPeg2-HD-channels 18000

!

ip access-list standard MPeg2-HD-channels

permit 232.100.1.0 0.0.0.255

interface Gig0/0description --- Interface towards DSLAM ---

! CAC

ip multicast limit out provider1-channels 25000

ip multicast limit out provider2-channels 25000

!ip access-list standard provider1-channels

permit 232.100.0.0 0.0.255.255

1. Three Content Providers (CPs) areproviding multicast content.

2. Each CP will have TV programsw/ different BW:

- MPEG2 SDTV: 4 Mbps- MPEG2 HDTV: 18 Mbps- MPEG4 SDTV: 1.6 Mbps- MPEG4 HDTV: 6 Mbps

PE

1GEDSLAM

DSLAM

DSLAM

1GE

PE

Voice, Internet, VOD

10GE

10GE

ContentProvider 1

ContentProvider 2

Content

Provider 3MPEG4 SDTV

MPEG2 SDTV

MPEG4 SDTVMPEG2 HDTV

Basic (100 channels)

Premium (100 channels)

Gold (100 channels)

CP2 - 250 MbpsCP 3 250 Mbps


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Summary

IPTV is about


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IPTV is about subscriber BB services

Broadcast TV, VoD, Switched Digital Video (today)

Future interactive video services

... over a DVB/ATSC application (MPEG) layer providing

Compression, Packetization, Multiplexing, Scrambling, ...

... over an RTP/UDP session layer providing

Sequencing, Timestamping, Multiplexing, Checksum

... over an IP packet network layer providingIntelligent packet operations, QoS, CAC, FEC, retransmission,RCC, ...


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Q and A

Further information


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Cisco Wireline Video/IPTV Solution Design andImplementation Guide, Release 1.1

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/vobbsols/vob2/vb2dig/vb2.pdf

IPTV and Video over Broadband Networks

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns610/networking_solutions_solution_category.html

Further information


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Scientific Atlanta IPTV Headend & STB solutions

http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/IPTV_headend.htm

http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/IPSetTops.htm

Scientific Atlanta Whitepapers

http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/WhitePapers.htm

VOD Content Delivery System

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps7191/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html


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cisco end-to-end iptv service architecture

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