cirkovic s., kosovska bitka u medjunarodnom kontekstu
TRANSCRIPT
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I
Jb.
MaKctMoBnh
46
in the
west
against
the
Turks. At
the
time
of
the
Battte
of
Marica,
he
wls
tocatea
iri
trre
West,
at the
end of his
ultimately
unsuccessful
at-
iempt
to
put his
plans
inio
effect
through
direct
contact
with
the
Latins.
b-"ri"g
tfru
Emp6ror's
absence,
his
son
Andronikos
had
control
of
the
;6idi
n"a
rri,
other
son
Manuel
had
control
of
Thessalonica.
Andro-
,riiiorr
i,trnea
a
deaf
ear
to Ugljeia's
appeal
for
help
against-the
Turks,
;;;
i"
;i,
father's
cry
to
be-liberated
from
Venice.
Manuel
saved
his
i;1h";,
and took
advaniage
of
the
Serbian
defeat
on
the
Marica
to
expand
his
land
to
the
Serres,
Iiglje5a's
recent capital.
This
ambivalence
in
the
iiyr*ii""
policy
increaset"
at
the
time
oi
Andronikos'
coup
d'6tats
in
iSzS
""a
ifzO-rgzs.
The
Turks,
as
his
protectors and
the
periodica)
protectors
of
the
legitimate
ruler,
becamc operrly
involved
in
Byzantine
lii"i*,-*fri.it
*"r ifi
the easier
since
the
Emperor
was
forced
to
fulfil
fris
lraisat
obligations
towards
the
Emir, Murad.
The
Emperor
complet-ely
tort
irl,
reputaiion,
and
the
presumed
hel_p
from
the West
was
more
dis-
i""t
ifr""
iver
behore.
The
^Turks
took
Gallipoli
once
qgain
and
moved
iir"i"
-."pit"f
to
Adrianoupolis
(Edirne). The only
possible ba.stion.
of re-
rirtrn""'-
Manuel's
reign
in
Thessalonica
-
was_
disparaged
by
his
ap-
p"i"i-""t
as
heir
to
th-e
throne
and his
removal
to
Constantinople
at
;;;
6;;i;"i"g
of
this
period.
The
so-called
Tenedos
War
(1379-1381)
ae"oi"f;
the
f,arkest
hour
and
Emperor
John
V
was even
forced
to
ac-
k;;;l"dg;
his
eternally
rebellious
ion
Andro'ikos
as
his
heir.
Disapp_oin-
i"J
if,f""i"f
p.""ti""ity"aeserted
and
re-established
his
authority
in
Thes-
;"lo"i.;.
paits of the
Byzantine Empire
(Thessalonica,
Epiros)_
acknow-
i&;J
hi-
",
their
ruG"r
and
he, inde.pendent
of
Constantinople,
waged
his"own
war
against
the
Turks.
It
was
only
with
his forced
evacuation
of
the
battlefield"in
lSSi
that
the
war
reached
an end,
and
Murad
finally
h;
;
unobstructed
path
for
his
great
expedition
against
Serbia'
1r
.
..:
ltdc
CCCLXXVIII
Cpncrxe
o6.iacrrunlr saurro
je
Ao
'FeJrr4r{or
cyno6a
Aorrno
6au
y
parrnoj
ce3oH,u 1389.
u orr(yAa
ro
,qa
1
J. Pajzh,
lIcropua,
pdsrl,l,lx'b
cnaBeHacuxt uapodoe'a
H(runare Eoazap,
Xop-
aaroa'b
u
Cep6oa
[.
.
.]
III,
Ee.r
1794,
25-38, o
cauoj
6Nr4ra:
38-72. Yn.
caAa r.r:
A.
Bece:lNnorrh,
Kocoscrca
6urxa
g
,Icrogju
loeaxa
Pajuftd,
KocoBcKa
6rrxa
y
Nc-
roprorpaQlrjr.r, S6opxrr
paAoBa
llcroprjcror r{rrcrr4Tyra 11, EeorpaA 1990,
59-69.
2
C.
Radki,
Boj na Kosouu.
Uzroci i
posljedice,
Rad JAZU 97
(1989)
1-68;
fipeurraMflaHo
y:
Eoj
na
KocoBa
-
crapuja u uoeuja
co3Aalsa,
peA.
P.
Mzxa;rvrh,
Eeorpag
1992, 36f---426.
Vn.
w
C.
tnpKoBrh,
Eeceda
cDpa*e
Pl.+noz cro
zoduua
rcaatuje, Kocogcxa
6rrxa
y
racropr,lorpa+nit4, 7l-76.
3
lI.
Pysaparl
O
xuesg JIaeapy,
[pelrrraMrraHo Ns
,,Ctpar
-
8/9/2019 Cirkovic S., Kosovska Bitka u Medjunarodnom Kontekstu
2/11
5l
FI
,l
50
C.
M. tsrpxoarh
Kocoscra 6rrra
y
uebynapoAsou EolrreKcry
ce Ha KocoBy
noyl,y
Haby
5aul
oHe
3apaherHe crpaHe
o Kojr4Ma
noHsurro
rI3
n3Bopa 3HaMO.
Hajneha
reluKoha
14 rrperpeKa
y
Hainopr'IMa
Aa
ce
norrlyHllie
s
rpeqrH,r{je
1'rnsnajy
,,\Bpoq;"
.ioaoscxe 6uffie
na:ragH
ce
Y
[BopHoj
rpabx{,
jeg,uuou
ocJroLlrrIy 3a
cBe Harrre aHaJlr{oe-a
pe3orroBarla
o
oHoMe
urro
jibwru
nper*opwio
r.r
crre,qHrc.
HaLrMe-,
reh
y
roj
IiI3BopHoj
rpabu,
qaK
H
y
rr,eHLIM
uajcraplzjHlr
AeJIoBlMa,
HaJIa3e
ce
Voflrrrrena
Ir HeoApe-
bena rnpbena,
ua
r
-
8/9/2019 Cirkovic S., Kosovska Bitka u Medjunarodnom Kontekstu
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8/9/2019 Cirkovic S., Kosovska Bitka u Medjunarodnom Kontekstu
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54
C. M.
Br'tprowrh
9
4ecr.lo
ce ro rrocJre
,6op6n
xoje
heuo
xparro
npr{ria3arT4
rra c,re4ehum
c,rpa-
HEM
.
m
Ina
raxra
yrlaAa
3zrBprur4ra cy ce
nopa3oM r
aapo6raaaraeM
3anoBeAur.rKa,
o ueuy
he
jour
6rarr
pevlr.
'r
nopeg no3naror
Srapexrr,rrcxor
o4roBopa
na Tsprxoao
nr4cMo r,rMaMo
orurrltp-
lto
a3Jrararse
$rpenrr,fircxe
aHoHnMHe xpoHnKe, Ha
Kojy
je
crpenyo na>rrcy
Th.
A.
mm91t,
Serbirrn
Golgotha
KosoDo, 1389,
East
European Monographs
CCLXXVIII,
New
York
1930,
5+-60
(rpeBoA
y
Eurra xa
Kocoag
7389.
zodut+e,
Eebrpa4
1999,
1?5-
-178)
u
o,qJroMaK
o
Kocony
y
cnl.{cy Beltrama
\{inianellija
Ruina
Damasci
l.r:rr,r Vita
Tamerlani,
rojN
je,
raxofe,
6NpeuivHcror
nopeKrra.
Vn. M.
.(rur,rh,
,aa
caepe.ueuu-
xa
o
6ojy
ma
Kocoeg,
Inac
132
(1940)
145-148.
je
oH uaHyAl-ro
ocro6obgye
Krparrr.qe Mapuje
,H
noryKao
Brrrrr nlrra
cBoje
flpor.rrBHrrKe,
Bobe
HamTncrce
crpaHKe
6paha
Xopnaru
fi
Hr,aHurn
flarrurrHa
6utu.cy
rrp]rrcrlrseHr.r
Aa
KoA
Kp?,,rr,a
Toprna I
norpaxte-
yro-
qrflxTe
H
HacrojanH
cy
Aa
y3
rberoBy rroMoh
noBpare nosHrIuje
v
vrap-
cKoj.re Itronapusarluja
Meliy nreMcrBoM
lr
BeJr,rrKarrrrr{Ma
jcrru
ce
s,urue
npqAv6llrra,
a
TBprKo
je
npey:eo
BoAehy
yrrory
y
6op6u
3a mpaBa
JIa-
llncJraBa
Haul'mcrcor,
qLIHa
y6ujeHor
KpaJba
Kapla
[pa"rxor.
On
je,
nogp-
,KaBajyhu Hsanurua
Xopeara,
Hna:aurta flalnn
-
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37
56
Ha KocoBy, arra
y oBoM
crr\
rajy MopaMo
6uru otnpesua,
jep
ce
o,qaBge
MorV
[parr{rr{
KapHKe
y
JraHrIy
Aorabaia
cBe
Ao
1388.
r-r
r ?cKor
npo.tro-
p4
r,r cyxo6a rog
Er.r,rehe.
Harlve, norra6rzjolr.Earuue
II oreopen
je
npocrop
3a
,Hacryn
rse-
roB,or
cHHoBIIa
Fypba II
Crpaqlruupoeuha,
noju
je
sarocnogapub
6a.n-
rur.r'hrcr.r,lr
HacJrebeM
y
3errn H
ca
rLHM xrp,HxBarHo-Aaa
nerrpujareJbcrrBa,
jeAuo
rrpelra Typr,Iuua,
Apy.ro
rpeMa
KparD-y
Tnprry
I.
O
ycrnony
Fypba
II
Crparlurunpopraha
neualro
4pvrfix
Becril.r
oclrM KaslrBarba
rreJro3naror
Op6unonor rnBopa,
.raju
nojq4*rlrg
noAaf,Ilr Harra3e
[orBpAe
y
caBpeMe-
Hoj
AlrflnoMarr.rqKoj
rpabu.
Fypab II
ce
ocnoSoAuo
r{3
3arBopa
y
,[pauy,
saralr
je
lxrn@TaBJrao
Bnacr y 3eru saunaseha
,ua
[poruBJberie rrropoAurre
Carraneo
je
nenllnlr
r\npcnu
VnaA
y
Mycarcrljy
rr
sanelle
flpava,
cBe
Ao
Ocrpora
u
On.ororxra, a
.noroM
ce
noMr{puo ca
Typquma
fioMohy
.[oKJroHa
a
rro-
crraHcrBa.
Fypab
II
je
HajnepoearHi.rje
ojavao cBoi
ronox(aj rHMe
urro
ce
opoAr.Io ca KHe3oM
Jlasapo,r'r:
yseo
je
3a
)KeHy
Jlasapery rhep
rcoja
je
paHraje
6una
yAara
3a
llluurMaHa
Mongancr
-
8/9/2019 Cirkovic S., Kosovska Bitka u Medjunarodnom Kontekstu
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C,
M. Bnpxoerh
Kocogcxa
6zrxa
y
uebynapoAnou
KorrreKcry
59
58
yo6ri.{aj1.rJro
roBoplrTq
o 6oiy
Ha
nlro.tHutcy,3
nnje4Ha
neTongcarlKa
6e-
nerura
rHe
AO3BoE,aBa
3altJl'yqaK C
TOMe
Aa
Je
TaAa
AO'IUIO
AO
HeKe
cpficKo-TypcKe
6qrKe.
Hanporaa,
cTHnH3aIIUja
JIeTOnHCa
npeMa KojHMa
ttiyp"r
,,iiwrc",
rrHe
yqqsr-tt:aurra",
,pparLr
Ce
oner",
cBeAorIIt
o-Heo6a.B-
r"#or*n
tto"ny.
iegan'laueraK
JleTodrr{ca,
KoA Ioora
He M,o)KeMo
6stu cu'
rypHa
na
nMa HcnpaBalr
reKcr, 6erc,crso
npuilucYje &9i* "
Bna,qapa:
,,irb6ex
-
8/9/2019 Cirkovic S., Kosovska Bitka u Medjunarodnom Kontekstu
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C,
M.
Brproetd
60
Y uexoj
BPcr'u
KonBepreu,qr'rje
rp-H
jd3Pop '
lcpncru
leronr'rcr-r,
Op-
6"nou
"t"op"o
Mypatouou-noxony
.y
Cp6wjy,
Op6wtou
H3Bop
o
-VcroHv
Fyplia
II
Crpa,rraianponaha)
nornpbyjy
.qa
je
l38e
6ula
rrpenoMHa
y
oi"o"y
jy;xuocnoreicnux
KHe)I(eBa
ca
Myparolr:
Fypab
CrpalruMrpo-
;;h;;
oi'otu.
Jla:ap,
6u cpevwru
oAnoce
i
typur'rv-a,
-q,on
je
Taprxo
I
".rio
r
"*pujarertnrmt
oitoc"tra.
EpaKoM
nypba
II^Crpauuunp-*ili
H JeneHe
s6n:ar
-
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62
C, M.
Bnpronrh
Y6ucrso
crape
Kparbnrre,
JenucaBere
KorpoMaHuh, Koja
je
yqan-
rreHa cpeAauolr
jauyapa
1387, nojauaBa
aKTr.rBnocrrr Ha
o6e
crparre.
)KHrL
u{,nL
orynna
np}rcrarrrrue
u 31.
Mapra 1387.
y
C'rouonr
Eeorpa4y rpy-
Irrrule
ce
3a
KpaJba.
Ma"rnancrpr
6an
nocraje
Hunola lopjaucrcu
M.nabu,
clrH
rlaJlarr4Ha
y6r.rjeHor
,nperxoAHe
rog,r.rue no4
lopjaua.
Ou ce
Ha
r{env
oApeAa
ynyhyje
y
reMl4ruBapcxu
rpa.i,
rAe cys6Hja H
noKopaBa oAMer-
FrHI(e,
a
3arHM
rrperra3u
trpeKo
lyHana
y
Cper,r r.qe
.ie
noupurrrre
6op6,u
rog repbaae
9epenuh.
Hnarrrllr Xopnar
je
ry
nperpneo
nopa3, r{ Harrao
cKJroHr.rrlrre
y
o5nu,ricr6elr
Llnony,
,r,ra.la
je
qepeaah
ocrao
y
pyKaMa
I6e-
roBl{".c
JbyArr. Here BeroBe
r.rcraKH 'Te
nprrcraJrurre
cy sapo5rene
H
.rro-
cirare
KpaJby
)K.wrnyu4y sajelHo ca 3acraBoM Jlag,Hcraea
Harnymcrcor.{6
Helra
eneuenara 3a
npeqa3r{o
Aaraparbe
onra
4orabaja,
oHH
ce Mory
caMo
oKBrirpHo cMecrlrrr{
y
Kpaj anp{4na una lra.i
13'87, csaxaKo, rrpe
Becrr,r
o KpaJruqHHoM
oc;ro'6oiieray.
r
Os6rarbHo yrpolreH,
Hsaur.rxr
Xopaar ce
npe6aquo
as Hnor
-
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64
C. M.
Brprorlh
npor,r{Brrr.lrllr
Mapuje u
)KHrMyH,qa
cMarbyjy
cBojv
aKTI,IBH,ocr
raKo
Aa
vrapcKoir\4
KpaJbeBcKoM
naPy
rJraBHH ilpoTr.rBHl,Iqu
ocTajy KPat6
TBpTKo
I
.I{
KrIe3
JtraeaP.
O
genonary
rcreea
Jlasapa
ocrao
.ie
cavyean H3BeruTaj
KacreJrzura
rpag{
Konr.rna o
roMe
Aa
rr,yAu ruresa
Jlasapa Hauagajy rpaq
lony6ag,
Aa
ra ryKy
oficn4nrrM
cnpaBaMa
(urn
rononuwra)
u
la
cy
noca4y
AoBerIu
y
rerKarc nonoxaj. Ift.rclro
je
raroaauo noKperHHM
[paaur.rKoM
(Aau
no-
de
Apyre
HeAerbe Benr.rrKttrl,\forlg6a4
y
cped*e,n
seKg,
Ilox(apeaaq
1968,
29-30, 4aryjyhrl
r
orcrapuo
y
[eproA 1382-1389.
[i4cMo KpaJ6a
X(vrnryuga
o6janneuo
je
s]aue
nyra,
najra.rwrje
y:
A.
Sztaray-G.
Nagy,
A naggmihi"lgi
es
sztcLr-ai
gr6j
Sztdrag
-
cialail
okleubt
fdra
I,
Budapest
1887, 485: cumque
nos
dc
presenti
contra
Lazarum
proficiscirnur,
eum.
ab insultibus
regno
nostro
hactenus illatis
prohibendo,
eumque ad nostra
maudata
astringendo
[...].
.
s4
F.
Sisii,
Nekoliko
ispransa
1...7,
Starine
39
(1938)
2?9:
Idem,
Nicolaus
de
virtute
in
virfutem
gradatim
ascedens,
Lazarum kenezium
regni
Rascie,
qui quodam
modo
a
iurisdiccione
nostra se
retraxerat,
humanitate
et
industria
suis
propriis
in
s_inum
reduxit
nostre
maiestatis,
illa
servicia
et easdem dacias,
quas
et
qire
vivente
domino
rege
Lodovico,
socero
ei
patre
nostro, eidem facere
et'dire
astri6tus fuerat,
nobrs
soluturum
et exhibituru,m.
Ilpeeog
y:
Eurxa
Ha
KocoeA
1389.
zoduHe,
174-
-l?5-
Kocoscxa
6r,rrxa.
y
uelyaapoguoll
KoHTeKcry
.
trtHa
tlcroM Mecry:
Dum itaque
post
hec
ex
presentis
labilis
mundi
concita-
cione Omorath Turkorum
imperator
cum
ipso Lazaro kenezio.
grande
commisisset
bellum et
in' eodem bello ipsi
Omorath
ei iazarus
supplicium
dortiJ
paJiiextitis-
sent,
pretaxatus
Johannes banus
noster
infidelis,
pretendens
se i,n
suis
detestabili-
bus actibus
exaltari
posse,
post huiusmodi
conflictum districtus
nostros de Beleen et
de
Macho rabide
invadere
et occupare non
expavit,
quem
preallegatus
Nicolaus,
tunc
banus
noster
de
Macho,
sua cum
potencia
invadens
et eundem
exinde
eiciens,
ipsosque
districtus
de
manibus ipsius
infidelis
militariter et
virtuose eripiens,
nos-
tris
subiugavit
dominio el dicioni.
IIpeBoA
Ha
,,rcroM Mecry
y
HacraBKy
rrperxoAHor
oAJroMKa.
s
flzcuo
je
o6jaBrbeno
y:
J: Gelcich-L.
Thall6czy,
Raguzd
6s
MagAaroszd.g
'sszekijttetdseinek
okletsaltor a,
Budapest
1887,
I 13-1
14.
57
Annales
P"agtsini
Anonymi itern
Nicolai
de Ragnina,
ed.
S. Nodilo,
48.
s
PeJresanrxe
ognyxe
Ay6poea.rxlrx
Beha
y:
Aurruit,
Odagxe aefto II,
MO-43,
480,
o
AaryMy
14
noJu4Tl4trKoM KoHTeKcry
yn.
BrlpKoBr4h, ncroryjd cpedtroaexoeue
6ocaxcxe
dpcrcaee,
15?-159.
6e
tsrproarh, IIctoyruja
cped*oeercoete 1ocauclce dpxaee,
159.
65
{i;
1,j
.+
HcrrincHyo.ss
Y
oguepanaliy
xpoHorc,ruje,
uacrojarsy
Aa
ce
yrBpgrr
Aa
Jr.l.r
j,e
9no
[oMuperre
6wo.
6tnx
-
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6
C. M. Erpxoaxh
BaSaJI,
TIa
Je
M:UIO BepoBaTHO
,qa
cy ce
OH
LIJIH IEerOBa BOJCKa
3aIeCHiILI
y
xpruhaHcKoM
ra6opy
Hd ceera urro
je
Ao
caAa
r.I3Hero BI{,q I
ce
Aa
je
repl-ITopnja
oulo