circular economy pada industri di...
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Circular Economy pada Industri di Indonesia Studi Kasus: Methane Capture untuk Energi di Industri Sawit
Prof. Dr. Udin Hasanudin
Diskusi Pojok Iklim, Jakarta 23 Mei 2018 BADAN PENELITIAN, PENGEMBANGAN, DAN INOVASI KEMENTRIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN
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PROSES PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT
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6680 kg
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Solid Waste
Solid Decanter
(3.5% optional)
EFB Fiber Shell Boiler Ash
POME
Waste generated from Palm Oil Mill
20-23 % 12-13 % 5-6 % 2.5 % 60-100 %
ICB-Bogor, October 10-11, 2016 4
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Methane capture (Reduce GHG 70-80%)
POME (0.6-1 m3/ton TBS)
TBS
Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan POME saat ini
Land Application
Aerobic treatment
dll
An-aerobic treatment
Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
± 6%
± 94%
GHG Emission
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Methane Capture
• Methane capture untuk energi merupakan salah satu bentuk penerapan circular economy yang memungkinkan dimanfaatkannya material limbah menjadi energi terbarukan sekaligus menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca dan beban pencemaran lingkungan.
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Route Map Pemanfaatan Biogas
Gas CHP
Anaerobic Digester
Electricity
Heat
Gas Upgrade
Gas Upgrade
Hydrogen
Vehicles Flow
Flow
Flow
Gas Pipeline
Digestate Post Processing
Spread to Land
Liquid Organic waste from Industry
Food and organic waste from restaurants and other commercial Operations
Energy Crop
Landfill
Biogas
Wet Manure Slurries
Future or Near Future Utilization
Liquid fertilizer Crops cultivation
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Estimation of GHG emission potential from POME
Parameter Unit Value
Min Max
COD of fresh POME mg/l 43,375 60,400
COD of treated POME mg/l 5,500 9,000
POME production m3/ton FFB 0.55 0.65
COD removal kg/ton FFB 20.83 33.41
IPCC default value*) kg CH4/kg COD removal 0.25
CH4 production kg/ton FFB 5.21 8.35
IPCC default value*) m3 CH4/kg COD
removal 0.35
CH4 production potential m3 CH4/ton FFB 7.29 11.69
GWP potential of CH4*) kg CO2e/ kg CH4 21
GWP potential kg CO2e/ton FFB 109.41 175.35
*) IPCC, 2006
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Berdasarkan potensi produksi methane
tersebut, produksi energi dari POME
diperkirakan:
25.3-40.6 kWh/ton FFB.
Bila kapasitas pabrik sawit 45 ton
TBS/jam atau 900 ton TBS/hari, maka
POME akan dapat membangkitkan
energi listrik sekitar:
0.95 to 1.52 MW.
Kebutuhan Energi di
Palm Oil Mill:
17 kWh/ton FFB
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1. • COD Tinggi
2. • COD Soluble < 80%
3. • TSS Tinggi
4. • KANDUNGAN MINYAK / LEMAK TINGGI
POME
• Covered Lagoon • CSTR
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Covered Lagoon • HRT Lama (± 40 hari)
• Suspended growth
• Pengadukan dilakukan dengan pengaturan aliran air limbah
• Potensi washout mikroorganisme rendah
• Proses dekomposisi terjadi dalam satu reaktor yang sama
CSTR • HRT agak singkat (± 20 hari)
• Suspended growth
• Pengadukan lebih efektif
• Potensi washout mikroorganisme tinggi
• Proses dekomposisi terjadi dalam satu reaktor yang sama atau bisa juga dipisah (2 tahap)
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Manfaat PLTBg dari POME
Menghasilkan energi hijau yg ramah lingkungan dan “MURAH” sekaligus memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan
Mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca, mencegah pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim ekstrim
Ketersediaan listrik di pedesaan akan mendorong perbaikan kualitas pendidikan, kesehatan, dan meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi produktif
Menciptakan lapangan kerja baru di pedesaan
1
2
3
4
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Pemanfaatan POME untuk ENERGI
PEMBANGIT LISTRIK TENAGA BIOGAS
BIOGAS HANYA DIBAKAR
• Bila dekat dengan jaringan listrik PLN atau ada komunitas yang perlu listrik tapi PLN belum mau membangun jarigan baru di daerah tersebut
• Skala keekonomian terpenuhi
• Bila jauh dari jaringan listrik PLN • Dilakukan hanya untuk upaya
penuruhan emisi GRK
Upgrading biomethane untuk meningkatkan dimensi pemanfaatan biogas: bahan bakar kendaraan, lebih
ekonomis untuk ditransport ke tempat lain, dll
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• Pemanfaatan POME untuk ENERGI LISTRIK
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Overview of Biogas Upgrading Technology
Technology Membrane PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption)
Water Scrubbing
Separate gas by Polymeric membrane
Adsorbent (Activated carbon etc)
Water
Flexibility of design High Multiple PSA units are necessary to separate high concentration gas
Low
Necessary space Small: less accompanied utility are necessary
Medium: some accompanied utilities are necessary
Large: size of each utility is large
Cost Low Low High (due to large utility size)
Yield High Multiple PSA units are necessary for high yield
High
Others Relative new tech. Less cases
General tech in gas production industry
Suitable for large amount of gas
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POME treatment dan Upgrading Biomethane
Aerobic treatment
dll.
POME
Methane Reactor Treated POME
CHP
L A
CO2
CH4
Upgrading Biomethane
Bio-CNG
Untuk
Keperluan
Lain
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Treated POME
Setelah Anaerobic Treatment
Types of Treated POME
BOD (mg/L)
N (mg/L)
P (mg/L)
K (mg/L)
Mg (mg/L)
- Mixed 1.300 900 120 1.800 300
- Liquid 450 450 70 1.200 180
- Slurry 190 320 40 1.495 260
- Sediment 1.000-3.000 3.350 1.180 1.390 1.510
Sangat potensial sebagai media tumbuh Algae dan tanaman lain
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Sustainable Utilization of POME for Energy and Feed/Food
POME
Methane Reactor Liquid
CHP
L A Sprirulina cultivation
CO2
CH4
FEED/ FOOD Supplement
Upgrading Biomethane
Bio-CNG
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Recycle use of POME for energy and food
Upgrading Biomethane
POME
Methane Capture
Sprirulina cultivation
CO2
Palm Oil Mill
FOOD Supply
Manure CH4
Bio CNG
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Sustainable Utilization of POME for Energy and Food
POME
Methane Reactor Liquid
CHP
L A
CO2
CH4
FOOD Supply
Upgrading Biomethane
Bio-CNG
Sayuran/tanaman lain
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• Mulsa
• Kompos
• Bahan Bakar
• Pellet
Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) 22%-23%
Budidaya
Jamur
Pemanfaatan TKKS
TKKS Bekas
media Jamur
•Biogas
•Pupuk Cair
•Kompos
Produksi Biogas
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POME
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TERIMA KASIH