cimmyt's activities to enhance productivity and promote excellence in pakistan
TRANSCRIPT
CIMMYT’s activities to enhance productivity and promote maize excellence in Pakistan
AbduRahman Beshir (PhD)[email protected]
3rd May 2014, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Outline
CIMMYT and its GMP at a glance
Significance and trend of maize in Pakistan
Challenges for discussion
AIP-maize
HTMA project in Pakistan
Partnership and upcoming actvities
CIMMYT and its Global Maize Program
A non-profit R4D international organization
Research in the 1940-50s and officially in 1966
> 700 staff from 38 countries in 18 offices
A major custodian of world’s maize and wheat
150,000 wheat and 27,000 maize accessions
CIMMYT’s Global Programs (GMP,GWP,CAP, SEP,GRP)
CIMMYT’s Global Maize Program
Maize cobs from a single field near Toluca, Mexico,
CIMMYT’s-GMP
Use maize genetic resources to provide high yielding varieties that
withstand biotic and abiotic stresses
Conduct research in crop and natural resource management
Work with partners to generate and share knowledge and techniques
Offer training in maize breeding and crop management systems
About 50 internationally recruited scientists mainly based in Asia,
Africa and Latin America
GMP projects: DTMA,IMAS,IRMA,WEMA,HTMA…
MAIZE-CRP (http://maize.org)
Significance and trend of maize in Pakistan
The third most important cereal crop
Area coverage 1.14 million ha. (PBS,2013)
First in productivity among all cereals
In an increasing trend in the past and projected to
increase in the future
Maize production increased by 76% (1994-2013)
Food, feed and alternative energy
Maize in comparison to other cereals (PBS, 2013)
Area(million ha)
Nationalaverage (t ha-1)
Area Production Productivity
Wheat 8.7 2.8 -2.69 -3.61 -1.3
Rice 2.3 2.4 -2.4 14.8 17.6
Maize 1.14 4.4 14.5 26 13.6
Year 2012/13 levels % change from 2010/11 level
Challenges for discussion
Germplasm/product development
Between 1993-2011/12 a total of 16 varieties developed (6
hybrids) by NARS, multinational companies (?)
India 107 varieties (64 hybrids) between 1993-2012
South Africa > 400 registered varieties by March 2012
Single cross vs. other types of hybrids
Climate resilient maize (DT , HT, Low N, Water
efficient…abiotic stress)
Maize tolerant to biotic stress (stem borer, weevils…)
Nutritionally enhanced maize (QPM, Provit A, Zinc )
Challenges…continued
Maize agronomy/husbandry
62.5 kg ha-1 vs. 25 kg ha-1 seed rate for OPVs and hybrids
respectively
Mechanization/rural technologies: planters, harvesters, corn
Sheller, cob dryers….etc
Optimum number and time of irrigation
Wheat-potato-maize vs. wheat-cotton-maize (cropping
systems , soil conservation and role of legumes)
Climate change: planting and harvesting dates…
Zero visibility and low dry down
Challenges…continued
The maize seed system
Potential demand for certified seed
Current formal supply less than 40%
The informal sector
About 85% of hybrid seed is import
Local seed production and variety protection
High seed price (seed : grain ratio)
Local capacity in hybrid seed production
Diseases
Climate
change
BreedingAgronomy
Projected demand by 2050 (FAO)
Wo
rld
-wid
e a
ve
rag
e y
ield
(to
ns h
a-1
)
Linear extrapolations of current trends
Water, nut rient &
energy scarcity
Potential effect of climate-change-induced heat stress on today’s cultivars (intermediate CO2 emission scenario)
Year
Source: M. Banziger power point presentation
AIP maize-commissioned projects
Climate resilient maize
Bio fortified maize
Maize tolerant to abiotic stresses
Enhancing the maize seed sector
AIP maize activites
Maize working group meeting
Seven trials, more than 215 maize varieties
Small grant allocated for partners
Public -Private variety evaluation network
Training opportunities on maize breeding and
quality seed production
Facilitated Pakistan to be on the list of international
maize testing network
Partner institution/center Institution name in short
No. of trials
Maize and Millet Research Institute (MMRI) MMRI 4 Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) CCRI 5 National Agricultural Research Institute (NARC) NARC 7
Jullundur Private Ltd JPL 3
Four brothers seed company 4B 3
Ali Akbar Group AA group 2
ICI Pakistan Ltd ICI 2
Petal Seed Company PeSC 1
Agriculturla Research Inistitute - Balochistan/Quetta ARI-Quetta 1
Agricultural Research Institute Tandojam (ARIT)-Sindh ARI-Sindh 1
Agricultural Research Institute Gilgi Biltistan ARI- Gigit 1
University of Agriculture Faisalabad UAF 1
University of Agriculture Peshawar UAP 1
AIP maize trials distribution
Heat Stress Tolerant Maize for Asia
(HTMA)A Public-Private alliance for
development & deployment heat stress-
resilient maize hybrids in South Asia
(Acknowledgment: P.H. Zaidi-CIM-Hyderabad)
Heat tolerant commercial hybrids
currently marketed by Pioneer
and Monsanto, respectively
Gra
in y
ield
(t/
ha)
un
der
hea
t s
tre
ss
Green bars = commercial checks
Red bar = Worst entry
1st set of heat tolerant hybrids
Partnership and upcoming activities
• CIMMYT needs your partnership to enhance the livelihood ofresource poor farmers
• We will work with you in germplasm exchange, capacity buildingand knowledge sharing
• Upcoming activities
– Summer season trials
– Training opportunities:
• 29-30 May 2014 Maize breeding and seed production-Sahiwal
• Sept./Oct 2014 Maize seed production and QPM breeding-Pakistan
• 27-29 Oct. 2014 12th Asian maize conference-Hanoi-Vietnam
• Nov./2014 Developing insect tolerant maize-Pakistan
• CIMMYT is here to compliment your effort not to replace !!
Thank you!