cien e1201 - 01 wash mnmt and eiffel
TRANSCRIPT
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The Art of
Structural Design
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The Washington Monument
and the Eiffel Tower
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Stonehenge: one of the oldest
known stone structuresRaftsundet Bridge (Norway 1998)
1,000 ft main span
Key turning point: industrial revolution
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Old form in city with short historyNew form in city with long history
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Schwanbach Bridge by Robert Maillart
Concrete as thin as you can build it
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Sicli Building by Heinz Isler
3˝ thick concrete shell
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Menai Straits Bridge by Thomas Telford
First successful suspension bridge
Structural Art vs. Architectural Art
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Quebec Bridge
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Quebec Bridge collapse during
construction in 1907
1st requirement of Structural Art = Safety
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Eiffel Tower
Bending moment diagram is parabolic
Shape of structure is almost parabolic
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For 100th anniversary of French Revolution
Eiffel financed it with agreement to get
profits for a number of years (recovered
entire cost in 1 year)
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George Seurat: Pointillism
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Obelisk of Ramses at the Place de laConcorde in Paris (1500BC – 1833)Washington Monument by Robert Mills,an architect (started 1848 – finished 1884)
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Washington Monument by Robert Mills,an architect (started 1848 – finished 1884)
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First part done by artisans/craftsmen
Second part done by US Army Corps of
Engineers after redesign of foundations
and upper part
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Two structures – symbolic of changes
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Two structures – symbolic of changes
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Lower part symbolizes society before
industrial revolution, upper part society
transformed by industrial revolution
Engineering allows for savings in
materials
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O i i f Eiff l T
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Origins of Eiffel Tower
Massif Central: plateau cut by valleys
French decided to built railroad network
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Busseau Viaduct (1864)
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Busseau Viaduct (1864)
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Busseau Viaduct (1864)
Eiffel’s imitation phase: standard way
to deal with transverse winds is to
slightly spread out column supports
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Rouzat Viaduct (1869)
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Rouzat Viaduct (1869)
Eiffel’s innovation phase: columns flare out at the base
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Rouzat Viaduct (1869)
Eiffel gets projects because he provides competitive bids
(he is the designer & the builder)
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Eiffel has his own ironworking shop
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Viaduct is a national landmark
100th anniversary celebration
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Contrast between straight and curved
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Bellon is very similar to Rouzat
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Eiffel in 1884
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Design specification: 300 m tall
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Design specification: 300 m tallProposal for the Centennial in Philadelphia
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A competitor to Eiffel’s designProposal for the Centennial in Philadelphia
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The choice was easy
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The Tower is central image of Paris/France/Europe
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Looking from the Eiffel Tower towards
the UNESCO building
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Looking from the Eiffel Tower towards
the UNESCO building
Looking from the UNESCO building
towards the Eiffel Tower