cidb demolition seminar_dr. arham slide

www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 1 DR ARHAM ABDULLAH © All right reserved Affiliate Member Institute of Demolition Engineers UK

http://www.demolitionengineers.net/ja15/

www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 2

1. Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia

2. Demolition of Building & Engineer’s Liability Based on Code of Practice MS 2318:2012

3. Demolition Process and Procedures

4. Demolition Plan

5. Demolition Methods

6. Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Works

7. HIRARC in Demolition Works

8. Demolition Best Practices

9. Demolition Case Study

10. Conclusion

Contents


Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia

• Aimed to describe the health and safety issue that will allow

demolition work to be conducted on a basis of good practices based

on MS2318:2012.

• In view of shortage of land to cater market demands, redevelopment

seems to be the best option to make way for new development which

leads to demolition.

• Demolition industry can be considered as one of the most hazardous

operations with highly intricate tasks that can contributes in number of

incidents and fatalities around the world including Malaysia. i.e. The

tragic demolition project of Jaya Supermarket in Petaling Jaya,

Selangor, which killed 7 workers.


Introduction

Overview of Demolition Industry

Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28th May 2009


The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works


Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed


The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers


Demolished hotel falls onto Edmonton street in Canada 2010


Unplanned demolition collapse caused to Southend Council Car Park in UK 2011


Steel structure collapsed in South China's Guangxi Zhuang

(kills six, injures two)



Uptown Theatre Toronto collapse during demolition 2003

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Uptown_Theatre_Toronto_collapse_during_demolition_2003.jpg



Recent Demolition Projects in Malaysia:

• Flat Pekeliling; Penjara Pudu; Flat PKNS di Jalan Jelatek; Ibu Pejabat Polis

Daerah Cheras; Angkasaraya Building, Jalan Ampang; Car Park One Utama

Shoping Complex; JB City Square; Axim Building; Bolton Court, Jalan Bukit

Ceylon; Jaya Supermarket; Galaxy Office Building; Colgate Pamolive

Building, PJ; Flat Lumba kuda, Bukit Chagar, JB; Building Structures Istana

TMJ; Plaza Ampang Yow Chuan; FFM Structures, Klang Selangor; RMAF

Runaway; Plaza Mayang, Taman Megah; UTM Jalan Semarak; 385 Ft Prai

Chimney; 9 Bridges for Double Track Project; Office Building and CarPark at

Menara Tun Razak, Hentian Bas Klang, etc.

JENIS AKTIVITI PEROBOHAN di MBPJ Jan-Dec 2010 BILANGAN AKTIVITI

MELALUI KEBENARAN MERANCANG (SEPERTI BANGLO, BANGUNAN BERSKALA BESAR)

25

KEDIAMAN INDIVIDU (SEPERTI RUMAH TERES, RUMAH BERKEMBAR) DIPERINGKAT JABATAN

14

KILANG, KOMERSIL DLL 11

Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia


Demolition of Building & Engineer’s Liability

Based on Code of Practice MS 2318:2012

Contents Page No.

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Definitions 2

4 Planning 4

5 Precautionary measures 11

6 Methods of demolition 34

7 Special structures 78

8 Site supervision and inspection 94

Refer to MS 2318

Demolition Codes and Guidelines/Malaysia MS2318 2010/COP Malaysia Demolition/MS 2318 1_07_2011.doc


“Means dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by

pre-planned and controlled methods”

(MS 2318: 2010, Malaysian Standard for Demolition of Buildings - Code of Practice)

“The controlled removal of selected part of the structure or key structural members to cause

complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures” (BS 6187: 2000)

“The complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure, by pre-planned and controlled

techniques or procedures” (AS 2601: 2000)

“Dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by pre-

planned and controlled techniques” (Building Department Hong Kong, 2004)

“Dismantling, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any building or structure or part

thereof” (Department of Labour New Zealand, 1994)

These definitions can be summarized as:

“The removal, dismantling, destruction, razing, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any

building or structure by pre-planned and controlled techniques to cause complete collapse of the

whole or part of the building or structure” (Arham Abdullah, PhD Thesis ‘Intelligent Selection of

Demolition Techniques’ Loughborough University UK 2003)

Definitions “Demolition”


The building is no longer safe to live in i.e. Fire,

Natural Disaster, End of Building Life

The building was not constructed according to assessments by the Local

Authority

Buildings that were built illegally or without

approval from relevant parties

The building is part of the regeneration,

rehabilitation and redevelopment project

Decision to Demolish

Demolition Process and Procedures

Decision to Demolish


START

Building owner initiates demolition work and appointments Engineer

Engineer to: - review records; - inspect site & bldg; - prepare demolition plan

Apply permits from other relevant authorities (if any)

Submits to LA to notify on intention to carry out demolition work

Demolition commences

Upon completion: - Engineer certifies structural safety of remaining structures if there’s any left standing

- Engineer informs Local Authority - Contractor inform DOSH

No objection

Objection

After 4 days (Local Authority)

Contractor to notify DOSH within 7 days together with demolition plan

END

Resubmit - necessary documents

Appointment of contractor

NOTE. This flowchart applies to common

methods of demolition, excluding special

methods such as wrecking ball and

implosion.

Engineer to submit demolition plans, dilapidation survey, insurances, permits and Form B (Notice to Commence Work) to Local Authority

Local Authority Processes

Demolition Procedures

MS2318:2010 (P) Annex F

Registration of Specialized

Demolition Contractors with

CIDB. “Kategori B26,

Pembinaan Bangunan

Pengkhususan Kerja

Meroboh”


Demolition Process

Ref: Abdullah, A. (2003), PhD Thesis Intelligent Selection of Demolition Techniques, Loughborough University


Post Demolition Stage


In a demolition project several process and procedures need to be followed to ensure the health and safety of the person on and off the demolition site .

Developing a Demolition

Strategy

Building Information

Selecting Appropriate Techniques

Preliminary Aspects Prior to Site Demolition

Work



• method of construction used for the original building and its proximity to

other buildings, structures and the general public.

• location, the cost and availability of tipping and disposal and the

desirability and economics of reuse



Information on buildings in terms of "as built" drawings and structural details

may often be unavailable or unreliable, and consequently some investigative

site and desk work may be necessary, both to ascertain the way in which the

building was originally constructed, and to identify the stresses and strains

which exist within it.

In order to plan the most efficient method of demolition, it is important to

have a full understanding of the method of construction and the stress

patterns imposed upon the building. Failure to do so may result in risks to

the safety of both those involved in the demolition and those in close

proximity to the site.

Building Information




Majors factors to be considered

Structure Characteristic

Site Conditions

Past Experiences

Cost

Reuse & Recycling

Time




Goal: To select the most appropriate demolition technique

Structure Characteristic

Height

Type

Stability

Degree of demolition

Use of the structure

Site Conditions

Health & safety for the person on and off site

Acceptable level of nuisance

Proximity of the nearest adjacent structure

Site accessibility

Past experience

Familiarity with a specified technique

Availability of plant and equipment

Availability of expertise

Cost

Total cost compared to each of the demolition techniques

Reuse & recycling

Level of reuse and recycling

Time

Total demolition time



Preliminary Aspects Prior to Site Demolition

Work

Conducting a site and building survey, with a

structural bias;

The examination of drawings and details of

existing construction where available;

The preparation of details and drawings from site

survey activities where no such information is

available;

Establishing previous use of premises, especially

with regard to flammable substances or substances

hazardous to health or safety;

Programming the sequence of demolition

work;

The preparation of a Method Statement

Considerations should be given to:-



Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)

References

Annex B Demolition plan checklist 99

Annex D Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down by manual method 104

Annex E Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down method by machines 123


• Demolition plan is one of the phase involve in demolition process

which covers all the steps acquire to identify, assess an control hazard which might occur at the workplace during the demolition work.

• Plan to undertake a demolition work without creating risks, and to execute it in a safe and orderly manner, requires careful planning of each stage of the demolition.

• A stability report accompanied by demolition plan which includes stability checking calculations for the building to be demolished, its supports, if any, the adjoining properties and the loading due to powered mechanical plants, or equipment.

• The demolition plan shall ensure that during the course of demolition, no existing utilities in the vicinity of the demolition sites are affected by the demolition operation.

(Ref: MS2318)



• An engineer shall carry out the building and structural survey

and then prepare a demolition plan in accordance with 4.1.3 (Demolition plan and stability report including calculations) to be submitted to local authority.

• The demolition plan shall be properly engineered by a competent and experienced geotechnical engineer. Maintaining adequate

ground support by backfilling or structural support during demolition work

is important.

• A demolition plan shall be provided to the foundation contractor

so that the shoring work installed during demolition are considered and protected during the foundation work.

(Ref: MS2318)



The demolition plan should consists of , but not be limited to, the following information: B1 General Information

B2 Location plan

B3 Existing building information

B4 The layout of the building, including sections, and

existing structural information

B5 Demolition procedure and sequence of operation

B6 Precautionary measures

B7 Debris handling

B8 Special safety considerations

B9 Traffic

B10 Post-demolition arrangement

The demolition plan should be made available to all employees and a copy should be given to the health and safety representative.



NO. Demolition Plan Contents

1. Description of the demolition Workplace

–detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance

–Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)

–Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )

–condition of structure on adjoining

2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review

–Identification of Hazard

–Demolition contractors assessment

–Control measures

–Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective

Equipment)

3. Demolition Methods and Work Processes

–Description of the proposed method of demolition

–Number and types of major plant and equipment

–Method of access and to egress

–Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead sidewalk protection

–Details on measures to be taken

–Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards material

4. Engineering Investigation

–Type of structural system

–“as-constructed” details of the component member, Load analysis

–Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.

5. Induction and Training

–Description of the training involve for the employees

–Details on the training needs

6. Emergency procedures

–Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical facility, contact numbers for emergency

services, communication that need to be established in work area)



1. Description of the demolition Workplace

• Should contain all the information about the site such as the overall height of

the structure above ground level and minimum distance between the structures

that need to be demolish with each site of the boundary.

• It also must have all the details about the location of the services such as

drainage, sewerage, electricity, gas, water, telecommunication and all other

cases such as underground basement and hazardous material that can be found

in the workplace.

–detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance

–Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)

–Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )

–condition of structure on adjoining



2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review

• Identification of Hazard to health and safety that the demolition contractor

knows, or ought reasonably to know, will arise during demolition work.

• The demolition contractors assessment of the risks that may result because of

the hazards.

• The control measures the demolition contractor proposes to use to eliminate, or

where that is not practical, minimize the level of risk.

• The proposal for monitoring and reviewing the implementation and

effectiveness of the control measures. How and to whom additional hazards are

to be reported.

–Identification of Hazard

–Demolition contractors assessment

–Control measures

–Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering

Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective Equipment)



3. Demolition Methods and Work Processes

• A description of the proposed method of demolition.

• The number and types of major plant and equipment to be used in the

demolition methods and their method of use.

• The methods of access to egress from the workplace.

• A description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and shoring of

walls and floors, to protect site personnel and adjoining structures, where the

structure to be demolished has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or some

other cause.

• A description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing hazardous

materials.

–Description of the proposed method of demolition

–Number and types of major plant and equipment

–Method of access and to egress

–Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead

sidewalk protection

–Details on measures to be taken

–Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards

material



4. Engineering Investigation In assessing the current load-carrying capacity of structural members, the structural engineer should take

account of:

• The strength and loading requirements of relevant Regulations and Standards relating to the members,

both those applying at the time of construction and those applying at the time of demolition.

• Any degradation of the structure materials.

• The capacity of the structure, as a whole or in part, to sustain loads without:

− Premature collapse of any part of the structure, or

− Deformation leading to static instability of the structure or any part of the structure.

The investigation should be carried out by a qualified structural engineer experienced in design and

construction. Where appropriate, they should be experienced in the demolition processes and should be

registered in the relevant area of practice with The Board of Engineers.

The engineer should investigate the structure by whatever means are necessary and determine as accurately as

possible:

• The type of structural system involved.

• “As-constructed” details of the component members.

• The current load-carrying capacity of the structure.

• The likelihood that the proposed methods and sequence of demolition can be executed without causing

an accidental collapse of the whole, or part of, the structure.

• Any other details of the structure’s strength, construction or contents which might influence the

selection of demolition procedures.

–Type of structural system

–“as-constructed” details of the component member, Load analysis

–Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.



5. Induction and Training

•The demolition contractor should identify the training needs and requirements of all personnel and

incorporate the training program in the Demolition Safety Plan.

•The detail and extent of the training program will depend on the hazards and risks associated with the

demolition work.

• Appropriate induction training should be provided for new personnel, including casual workers, and

whenever a worker is assigned to a new task or new work area.

•Training may also be necessary to enable the operators of industrial equipment to meet statutory

qualification requirements (Certificates of Competency).

•Training can be formal or on-the-job. It should take into account literacy levels, work experience and

specific skills required for the job. Trainees must be adequately supervised until they are competent to

perform the work safely.

•The demolition contractor should maintain records of the training programs and the competencies

attained by individual workers.

–Description of the training involve for the employees

–Details on the training needs



6. Emergency procedures

•Before work commences, the demolition contractor should provide for first aid

requirements and prompt medical attention in the case of serious injury.

• These emergency procedures should be documented in the Demolition Safety Plan.

•Contact numbers for emergency services should be prominently displayed. Evacuation

procedures should be established and communicated to all workers.

•A reliable and effective means of communication should be established between all areas

of work and the demolition supervisor, to permit and ensure effective evacuation of danger

areas.

•Rescue procedures need to be planned where workers are required to:

− work at heights, using individual fall arrest systems

− enter confined spaces.

–Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical

facility, contact numbers for emergency services, communication that need to be established

in work area)


Demolition Methods

Deconstruction

Deliberate Collapse Mechanism

Progressive Demolition BS 6187:2000

Code of Practice for

Demolition UK


Breaking away the structure by

machine mounted percussive

breaker or other hydraulic

attachments

Deconstruction or Top-down

Technique by manual

Deconstruction or Top-down

Technique by machines

Breaking away the concrete by

hand held jack hammer,

pneumatic breaker or other

hand held tools

Deconstruction or Top-down Technique are those techniques that proceed from

the roof to ground in a general trend. On a floor by floor downward sequence,

depending on site conditions and structural elements to be demolished

Deconstruction

Demolition Methods


Explosive Wire Rope Pulling

Demolition by deliberate collapse is the removal of the key structural members to

cause complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures

Deliberate Collapse Mechanism

Demolition Methods


Long Reach Machine with various

hydraulic attachments

Demolition Ball

The progressive demolition is the controlled removal of sections of the structure,

at the same time retaining the stability of the remainder and avoiding collapse of

the whole or part of the structure to be demolished.

Progressive Demolition

Demolition Methods


Methods Activities Operation Applicability

Top down manual with

jack hammer or

pneumatic hammer

Breaking away the

concrete by hand held

jack hammer or

pneumatic hammer

-On a floor by floor

downward sequence -

Need precautionary

measures for

restricted site

-Broad scope of application -Effective

in narrow and localized place

Top down by machine

percussive breaker

Breaking away the

structure by machine

mounted percussive

break


downward sequence -

Adequate floor

support for machine -

Need precautionary

measures for

restricted site

-Wide range of application -Good

mobility

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)

Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)



Top down by machine

hydraulic crusher

Breaking away the


mounted hydraulic

crusher


downward sequence -

Adequate floor

support for machine -

Need precautionary

measures for

restricted site


mobility -Ability to separate steel bars

and frames

Hydraulic crusher with

long boom

Breaking away the


mounted hydraulic

crusher With long arm

extension

-Restrictive entry to

work area -Flat and

firm working ground -

Adequate clear space


mobility -Ability to separate steel bars

and frames

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)




Wrecking ball Destruction by impact

of steel ball

suspended from a

crane

-Restrictive entry to

work area -Flat and

firm working ground -

Adequate clear space

-Good efficiency -Poor application for

underground columns and

foundations

Implosion Use of explosive -Protection from

noise, debris and

vibration -Qualified

blaster -Notification

and evacuation of

neighbourhood -Check

and cautiously handle

of misfiring

-Excellent demolition strength -Could

shorten the work period and reduce

labour -Risk assessment required to

be continued

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)




Mechanical method

with machinery

Toppling or breaking

away structure by

large machinery from

outside the building

-Prevent toppling in

the wrong direction

and uncontrolled

collapse -Film working

ground

-Good efficiency -Poor application for

underground structure

Saw cutting with

circular saw or chain

saw

Cutting with circular

saw or chain saw

-Solid working

platform -

Arrangement for

hoisting out

-Allows precise separation

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)




Wire saw cutting Cutting with wire saw -Solid working

platform -

Arrangement for

hoisting out section -

Counter measure to

prevent danger of wire

breaks

-Allows precise separation -Good for

cutting massive structures

Drilling Coring, drilling and

cutting by stitch

drilling

-Solid working

platform

-Allows precise separation -Good for

cutting massive structures

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)




Non explosive

demolition agent

Expansion pressure

from absorption of

CaO or other chemical

reaction

-Good for foundation

Thermal lance Use of intense heat by

fusion of metal

-Protection of person

and properties from

intensive heat

Water jet Jetting of water at

high pressure

-Protection of person

and properties from

high pressure water

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)



Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work

Acts and Regulations Date of commencement

Code of Practice for Building Operations Code,

MS 282: Part 1 to 9 : 1975

Jun1975

The Factories and Machinery Act 1967

(Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulation 1986

1 October 1986

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

24 Februari 1994

Guidelines for Public Safety and Health in

Construction Site

1994

Demolition of Buildings-Code of Practice

(1st Revision) MS 2318: 2010 (P)

2010

Guideline for Building Demolition (Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya, MBPJ)

2011

Ref: Ily Hanisah Mohd Fauzey and Faridah Ismail, (2011) Demolition Work In Malaysia: The Safety Provisions


Acts and Regulations Descriptions

Code of Practice for Building Operations Code, MS 282:

Part 1 to 9 : 1975

• This is the first Code of Practice (COP) in Malaysia that has the safe practice provisions for demolition work (section 1) published under the authority of the Standard Council in June 1975. • This COP covers all aspects of works related to every phase of building operations to achieved desired standard of safety for every person linked or might be affected by the building industry and also including the safety of the public. • The basic requirements for the operations or procedures are only applicable to ordinary building construction and not for heavy or specialised types of work e.g., dam construction, river and revetment works, electric transmission line construction etc. Other existing legislations are not deliberately to be superseded by this Code.




The Factories and Machinery

Act 1967 (Building Operations and

Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety)

Regulation 1986

• The history of Factories and Machinery Act (1986) 1967 can be trace back since 120 years ago, in the late 19th century, with the first establishment of steam boiler safety (1878) and later machinery safety (1914).

• The FMA 1986 gazetted on 1st October 1986 was an act under the FMA 1967 which covers building operations and works of engineering construction. The provisions of FMA 1986 are supposed to be an addition to and not substitution or lessening any requirements enforced by or under the FMA 1967.



Acts and Regulations

Descriptions

Occupational

Safety and Health Act 1994

• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) became the new legislation on occupational safety and health after being approved by the Parliament in 1993 and gazetted in February 1994.

• OSHA 1994 is an act that provides the legislative framework for almost every industry in Malaysia after considering the fact that FMA 1967 only covered certain industries in Malaysia. Although it did not specify detailed safety and health measures need to be followed for each works/activities involved in the particular industry or organization, this Act is a practical tool superimpose on existing safety and health legislation.

• A person or organization is never prosecuted under Code of Practice or guidelines but they will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994. For example, if the employee negligently not practices a safe working environment under Code of Practice of Demolition Building MS 2318, he will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994 under general duties of employer.

• OSHA 1994 also overrules or supersedes any previous occupational safety and health laws. For example, if there is any event of conflict and inconsistency between FMA 1986 and OSHA 1994, OSHA will supersede the FMA 1986.




Descriptions

Guidelines for

Public Safety and Health in

Construction Site

• This guideline provides a general safety and health provisions for demolition works to serve as a handy reference to protect general public in that area or pedestrian from hazards associated with it. The provisions stated shall be reviewed together with other existing legislations and code of practices, as its aim to help practitioners and workers on site.

• The guideline has undergone revision in 2007 to improve the good work practice

among all parties at the workplace to prevent accident to the workers and public. The previous guideline consists of general standard of references on general provisions, preparatory work and catch platforms for demolition operations. Where else, the current guideline shows an improvement by having more details about the good practice for demolition work safety and health.




Descriptions

Guidelines for

Public Safety and Health in

Construction Site

• The current provision adds risk assessment study and competency of designated personnel requirement in general provision. An additional provision has been added regarding the work during demolition process. It sets out the responsibility of contractor in providing necessary information related to safety and health to worker and public, following the demolition sequence and method provided by demolition/structural engineer, ensuring the compliances of safety and health plan requirement, providing personal protective equipment (PPE) and lastly adequate steps in managing debris and dust in the workplace.




Demolition of Buildings-

Code of Practice (1st Revision) MS 2318:

2010 (P)

• This Code of Practice (COP) is the latest Standard for demolition of buildings in Malaysia based on Hong Kong Code of Practice resulting from a major tragedy that blow up and became huge controversy in the Malaysian demolition industry in 2009.

• Earlier provision or legislation appeared to be too general and not specific to demolition work. It has been developed by the technical committee for construction practices under the supervision of Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.

• This COP is adapted to provide guidance on the safe and good

practices for demolition work and for compliance with the requirements of the relevant provisions by local authorities. However, aspects related to occupational safety and health are not included and should be referenced to other relevant requirements and regulations.




Demolition of Buildings-

Code of Practice (1st Revision) MS 2318:

2010 (P)

The COP outlined guidelines applicable to: a) Buildings demolition work b) Individual structures c) Partial demolition of buildings d) Basements e) Underground tanks f) Common civil engineering structures, e.g., silos, industrial plants, piers, etc.

• Major civil engineering works are not applicable or covered in this COP, such as underpinning, excavation, highway or railway bridges, dams and steel or timber structures in buildings. Regardless of this lacking, it is hope that the new Malaysian Standard can provide or assist demolition practitioners with more details and appropriate approach to improve safety and health management.



HIRARC in Demolition Works

• Guideline for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk

Control (HIRARC) – DOSH 2008

• Hazard and Risk in Demolition (Refer to Code of Practice)

• Asbestos in Demolition

• Example HIRARC in Demolition

• Demolition Checklist

• Links to Managing Safety on Industrial Demolition Projects


General Site Provisions

Shoring and Underpinning

The demolition contractor has a legal obligation to show technical competence when carrying out the work. When removing sections of the building which could have leave other parts unsafe, adequate temporary supports and shoring etc. must be

provided.

Protective Clothing

Buildings where chemicals have been stored or where asbestos, lead paint, dust or fumes may be present will require specialized protective clothing, e.g. respirators, helmets, goggles, footwear, gloves, etc. Projecting nails, pieces of metal, etc. resulting from

demolition can cause accidents.

Plant and Equipment

Must only be operated by skilled operators and must be regularly serviced.


General Site Provisions (Con’t)

Weather Conditions

These can affect safety. Strong winds or drifting snow against unsafe walls, suspended floors etc. which are unpropered may lead to collapse.

Debris

Sections of the building must not be overloaded with debris either on suspended floors or against party walls.

Working Areas

These will need to be well signposted and clear warnings given that demolition work is in progress. This may include the necessity for some kind of lighting.


General Site Provisions (Con’t)

Scaffolding and Hoarding

These must be constructed and illuminated to the relevant building regulations.

Overhead Cables

An crane heights etc. must be checked against the height of any surrounding overhead cables to avoid damage and cutting off supplies etc.

Flooding

The build-up of water can sometimes be hazardous


Demolition Hazards & Control Measures

HIRARC in Demolition HIRARC in Demolition Works


Hazards - Physical

● Falling from height

● Falls through openings & fragile materials

● Uncontrolled/premature collapse

● Noise

● Flying debris

● HAVS from tools

● Whole body vibration from vehicles



● Cause nearby structures to collapse

● Live services – gas, electric, water

● Fire

● Broken glass from windows

● Unguarded machinery

● Floods

● Electric shock

● Manual Handling


Hazards - Physical


● Dust

● Asbestos

● Silica

● Residual contamination from previous use E.g. hospitals, industrial processes

Hazards - Physical



● Risk Assessment

● Competent, trained staff

● Safe system of work (derived from RA)

● PPE – helmets, boots, dust masks etc.

● Safe demolition requires planning

● Keep people as far away as possible

● Use of demolition method statements

Control Measures



● Supervision by competent person

● Where possible, demolish in reverse order of construction

● Referring to Act, Regulations, Guidelines and Code of Practice

● Protect machine cabs to guard against falling objects

● Temporary props may be required to support unstable structures

Control Measures



● Remove debris as it builds up to prevent floors/walls collapsing

● Disconnect live services (although water may be required in event of a fire)

● Remove hazardous materials

● Provide site hoardings where necessary (about 2.5m high)

● Do not allow materials to fall into area where people are working

Control Measures



● Fans or covered walkways may be needed to catch falling objects

● Erect warning notices around hoardings

● Remove window panes before demolition

● Erect warning notices on doors, especially where floors have been removed

Control Measures



● Damp area down with water for dust control

● Use rubbish chutes and barrier off skip area

● Provide safe access & egress (especially where there are no floors)

● High standard of housekeeping

● Secure ladders

● Use safety harnesses where necessary

● Create a buffer zone around the demolition area

Control Measures



Demolition Best Practices

Demolition Scheduling and Site Protection

Hazardous Materials

Environmental Concerns

Codes and Standards


Demolition is often loosely regulated in rural areas--where buildings are not densely packed--and the built structures themselves are often smaller with fewer recyclable materials. Demolition in these circumstances is usually uncomplicated, in that the structure can be knocked down and the debris can be removed all together and taken to a landfill.

A schedule of demolition activities will be useful to avoid interference with any concurrent operations and to minimize any disruption of utilities and services.

The architect or engineer will produce the necessary documents which clearly outline the requirements for protecting individuals, adjacent buildings, and any remaining site improvements and utilities during the demolition operations.

Scheduling And Site Protection



Scheduling And Site Protection (cont…)

Some of the conditions need to be controlled in order to protect the safety of individuals and property within the vicinity include: the amount of dust created, the potential release of mold into the atmosphere, and the amount of vibration produced that might affect surrounding structures or the operation of nearby equipment.

Local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted to review rules and regulations prior to any demolition activities for specific requirements for the control of dust and other pollutants during demolition operations.



Hazardous Materials

With the demolition of structures and buildings, especially older structures, comes the need to deal with hazardous materials. Through a building survey conducted by a qualified professional, the architect or engineer will know the types, extent, and condition of hazardous materials present.

Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and lead. The potential for the release of asbestos, which is the most common hazardous material found in buildings, is of particular concern.

The demolition contractor will use the services of a licensed abatement contractor ( a contractor who specialize in the removal of hazardous materials)



Environmental Concerns

In a sense, demolition contractors were "green" before going green was mainstream, because there have long been economic incentives to recycle materials such as asphalt, wood, metal, brick and concrete. As a result, the demolition contractor has a greater awareness of construction waste management and disposal. There is a greater interest in “deconstructing” a building to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills. This method allows the contractor to recover, reuse, and recycle much of the demolition waste.



Demolition Codes & Standard



Demolition Case Studies

• Case Study 1

• Case Study 2

• Case Study 3


Introduction


Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28th May 2009 Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers


• The demolition of any type of structure is unique due to the shear

number of parameters that govern the demolition process. A parameter,

which might be of great importance on a particular demolition project,

might not be so if, for instance, the same demolition project was

considered with a different site confinement.

•The changing nature of demolition parameters from one demolition

project to another makes the selection of demolition techniques difficult

and a risky process for the demolition engineers.

•Demolition involves dangerous operation and therefore HIRARC need to

be done to ensure the safety of the person on and off site.

• Form an association for demolition contractor and demolition engineers

– Increase professionalism i.e. Institute of Demolition Engineers UK,

National Federation of Demolition Contractors NFDC (UK), National

Association of Demolition Contractors NADC (US) – i.e. “Malaysian

Federation of Demolition Contractors (MFDC)”

Conclusion


THANK YOU..

ASSOC. PROF. DR ARHAM ABDULLAH CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA [email protected]

Notes: Please visits Institute of Demolition Engineers (UK) for more information

on promoting and fostering the science of Demolition Engineering.

(http://www.demolitionengineers.net/ja15/ )

Innovative Demolition Research Group UTM

http://www.icc.utm.my/demolition/index.htm

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.icc.utm.my/demolition/index.htm


cidb demolition seminar_dr. arham slide

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