Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

VT L V Y HC Vt L l mt ngnh khoa hc t nhin rt th v . Vt L bao trm nhiu lnh vc nh Quang Hc (tn sc,khc x,phn x), in(in trng,t trng ..) ,C hc (lc,chuyn ng,dao ng,..),Vt L ht nhn(phng x,cc ng v phng x..). Ngoi ra Vt L cn c cc chuyn ngnh khc nh: Vt l l thuyt, in t c s.. Nh vy Vt l l mt mc xch kt ni nhiu ngnh khoa hc, nhiu lnh vc trong cuc sng . Do , Vt L c rt nhiu cng trnh c ng dng trong khoa hc cng nh i sng phc v trc tip nhu cu ca con ngi nh:giao thng vn ti,sn xut cng nghip,trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin,truyn thngMt ng dng khng th khng nhc n ca Vt L l ng dng ca Vt L trong Y Hc,n gp phn quan trng trong vic chun on,iu tr,chm sc sc khe cho con ngi vi mt s phng php mang li hiu qu cao nh: Vt L tr liu,chp X Quang,chiu x,chiu tia phng x,chiu tia laser.. ni ln tm quan trng ca a ng dng Vt L. Bi vit sau y xin trnh by mt s ng dng ca Vt L v Quang Hc,Nhit Hc,in, C Hc v Vt l ht nhn trong Y Hc ni ln s lin kt gia Vt L vi khoa hc k thut m ta ng dng trong cuc sng thng ngy. V th chng ta hy cng tm hiu gp cho ni dung bi vit c y hn. MT S NG DNG: I-QUANG HC Chng ta c th k n mt s ng dng tiu biu sau:tia laser,tia X ,knh quang hc. 1,Tia laser Tc dng: Gp phn khng nh trong vic ci thin sc khe v v p cho con ngi. Trong tr liu:tia laser c s dng thay cho dao m c bit hu hiu trong m ni soi, Laser c chia lm 3 loi chnh:laser rn,laser lng,laser kh. Cc loi laser thng c s dng: Laser kh: He-Ne, He-Ne,CO2, Argon Laser rn: Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er:glass Laser bn dn: Diode Laser mu: Rh6G Laser hi kim loi: hi vng, hi ng Laser excimer: ArF, XeCl, KrF Laser ho hc Laser in t t do Phng php iu tr:gm 3 phng php chnh:chiu ngoi,laser chm v laser ni mch Chng ta s i tm hiu tc dng ca tia laser i vi tng lnh vc trong y hc -Trong thm m: S TH HIN XUYN SU iu tr cc tn thng sc t da v hnh sm,Cc u cc trn da , dng quang ng mch (trong ngoi khoa da liu),iu tr cc tn thng mch mu, lm lt lp t bo thoi ha

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

trn da mt da mt c mng,mn v p, tr hn.tn thng mch mu da v di da,so li,tn nhang,mn, bnh vy nn v xa nhn nhm tr ha da,ty lng

-Trong phu thut tim Tia laser c tc dng Ti to s phn b mch bng laser xuyn qua c tim,to hnh mch bng laser chc qua da,ni vi phu ng mch bng laser

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

Ngoi ra laser cn ng dng trong phu thut tai-mi-hng bng cch s dng Laser CO2 bc song trong khong 10 m Laser neodym-YAG rt thch hp lm teo nhng ph n v cc m cha nhiu nc khc, chng hn bu tht mi. Hng huyt cu, cht mu ca mu, hp th nh sng c bc sng nm trong khong 500 n 600 nm. -Phu thut c Cc khi u hng, thc qun, hay thanh qun thng c ct b ngay c khi.tuy nhin nh vy s gy mt sc cho bnh nhn do laser l mt bin php rt hu hiu. Vi phng php ny ngi ta ch cn dng mt tia sng ct chnh xc ca mt laser CO2, c iu khin mt vi my iu khin c kim tra bng knh hin vi, s li nhng tn thng nh hn rt nhiu, thm ch chng cn ti x l nh phu thut. -Phu thut mi Vi bnh ny liu php laser s rt ng tin cy trong vic ct nh cc cnh bm di. Nu kt hp dng cc k thut ni soi s cho php iu tr ngoi tr, chiu x v trc tip quan st. M s teo li, hnh thnh cc vt so- v mi li thng sut nh trc. -Phu thut tai Trong phu thut tai tia laser t ra rt hu hiu. Bng cch s dng laser co2 bc s c th phu thut m khng cn tip xc,c th tin hnh mt cch ht sc nh nhng, bo v bnh nhn. Ngoi ra phng php ny cn cho php ct b cc xn m vn khng lm cc ch xung quanh b tn tht v nhit, cng c th m tai trong m khng gy nguy him g. iu ny rt cn thit mt s bnh nhn, bnh x cng tai l qu trnh thay i li cc xn, tin hnh song song vi s tin trin dn dn ca cc nghnh ngng v bnh tai. Vic c l mng nh m khng cn tip xc cng ht sc d dng thc hin nh phu thut bng laser. -ng dng laser-trong nhn khoa Tc dng ca laser trong nhn khoa Quang ng vng mc trong bnh tiu ng Quang ng vng mc trong bong vng mc iu tr glaucoma(bnh m nhn thng gi l thin u thng,ng th hai trong nhng nguyn nhn gy m la sau c thy tinh th ) bng laser Laser Excimer trong iu tr tt khc x ca mt nh cn th,vin th hay lon th bng cch thay i bn knh cong ca b mt gic mc bng laser excimer.

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

Mt cn th,hiu chnh mt v mt sau khi hiu chnh bng laser Excimer

2,Tia X Tia X c bc sng trong khong: 10-11m n 10-8m Tnh cht: Kh nng xuyn thu ln,gy ra hin tng pht quang mt s cht,lm en phim nh, knh nh, Ion ha cc cht kh, tc dng mnh ln c th sng, gy hi cho sc khe. Trong y hc: To nh bng X quang l mt trong nhng k thut chn on hnh nh s dng ph bin trong y hc v k thut. Nguyn l to nh da trn s lan truyn v hp th ca tia X trong qu trnh i qua mi trng vt cht khng ng nht. Mt trong nhng tc dng ni bt ca tia X i vi y hc:gip xc nh bnh l v xng, nhng c th gip ch d ra cc bnh tt v phn mm. nh l kho st ngc, chn on bnh v phi nh l vim phi, ung th phi hay ph n phi, v kho st vng bng, c th d ra s tc rut (tc ng thc qun), trn kh (t lng ni tng), trn dch (trong cc khoang bng). Trong vi trng hp, s dng tia X gy tranh ci, nh l si mt (t khi cn tia X) -Tia X cn c s dng khm nh thnh mch mu hay nghin cu tng phn ca l hng trong ni tng Cc gii phu thnh mch mu, nh cc s can thip y t ca h thng ng mch, da ch yu vo cc my o nhy vi tia X nh v cc thng tn tim tng c th cha tr. X tr tia X, mt s can thip y t, hin nay dng chuyn bit cho ung th, dng cc tia X c nng lng mnh.

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

3,Cc loi knh quang hc. Hin nay t l tt khc x c bit l cn th c xu hng tng cao khng ch Vit Nam m trn ton th gii. Tt khc x l mt thiu st quang hc ca mt khin cho nh sng khi i qua cc mi trng trong sut ca mt khng hi t trn vng mc khi mt trng thi ngh khng iu tit.

nh m phng mt bnh thng nh m phng mt cn th

nh m phng mt vin thi nh m phng mt lon th i vi mt cn th hnh nh hi t trc vng mc Mt vin th hnh nh hi t sau vng mc. c bit hn l mt lon th : Gic mc chiu ng (trc 90 - lt ct mu ) c cong t hn chiu ngang (trc 180 - lt ct mu xanh). Do khi nh sng chiu vo mt, chm tia sng trc 90 (mu ) c hi t xa hn v chm tia sng trc 180 (mu xanh) c hi t khong cch gn hn. Cch khc phc cc tt ca mt l mang knh vin th (thu knh hi t) a nh tr v ng trn vng mc. Quy c:

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

II-NG DNG CA IN TRONG Y HC Ta c th phn loi ng dng ca in trong y hc bao gm ng dng ca in trng v ng dng ca t trng. 1, ng dng ca t trng T trng l g? T trng l mi trng vt cht c bit sinh ra quanh cc in tch chuyn ng hoc do s bin thin ca in trng hoc c ngun gc t cc mment lng cc t. Xt v bn cht, t trng v in trng l cc biu hin ring r ca mt trng thng nht l in t trng.. Vy ng dng ca t trng vo trong y hc th nh th no? Tng tc ca t trng vi vt cht sng -Lu lng mu tng ln s lm tng kh nng chuyn ti oxy, c hai vic ny gip cho kh nng cha bnh ca c th tng ln. -Vic thay i s di chuyn ca ion calci: t trng c th a ion calci ti iu tr ch xng b gy ch mt na thi gian so vi bnh thng hoc c th gip cho vic ly calci khi khp xng b vim hoc khp xng b au. -S cn bng pH ca nhng th dch khc nhau trong c th ( thong mt s cn bng pH xy ra khi m) dng nh c th thay i nh t trng. -S sn xut hormon t cc tuyn ni tit c th hoc tng ln hoc gim xung nh kch thch ca t trng. -S thay i hot ng ca men v nhng qu trnh sinh ha khc cng b tc ng bi t trng. Tc dng ca t trng ln c th ngi: Nghin cu ca V.M. Bogoliubov v G.N. Ponomarenko 1999: -T trng khng i : gim nht ca mu, gim s phn hy trong tun hon mu, tng trao i cht mao mch; gim au; kch thch dinh dng cc b; gin n mao mch cc b; tng cng min dch.

Quy c l du (-)

Knh phn k

Knh hi t Quy c l du (+)

Knh cn th

Xp bn tri hp knh

Xp bn phi hp knh

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

-T trng dng xung : kch thch thn kinh ; kch thch dinh dng; hot ha mch (nh hng n ng knh mch mu, c bit l ng mch); gim au (dng gy t); chng vim. -T trng bin thin : hot ha mch; chng vim; chng ph n; kch thch dinh dng; gim au (dng gy t) cc b; gim ng mu. A,T i vi h xng Kch thch i vi c 4 giai on trong qu trnh hnh thnh canxi xng sau gy: Bng n tng trng qun th t bo ti v tr gy, tng tng hp AND v phn chia t bo. Tng tng hp cc cht cn bn xng. Canxi ha t chc sn si ca can non (quan trng nht). Tn to mch mu v xm nhp mch mu vo sn si. B,T i vi h thn kinh Th cm t c hiu y l tuyn tng: vai tr hng u trong vic iu phi cc qu trnh tm sinh l quan trng ca c th. N lin h a dng vi cc hp phn ca no; lin h vi thn kinh thc vt qua cc dy giao cm; lin h vi vng mc, di i, nhn cnh no tht, ty sng B la bn c bit no ca mt s loi chim, c voi, cc phn t Fe3O4, gip thu nhn nhng thng tin c ch t t trng bn ngoi kh nng nh hng ca ng vt. ngi cng c 1 c quan tng t, chnh l tuyn tng, c th b t trng tc ng cc thay i tm sinh l ca c th, bao gm c cc kh nng d thng nh ngoi cm, lin lc t xa, dng ch di chuyn vt C,T i vi h tun hon Tn to mch mu: Kch thch sinh tng hp AND, hnh thnh cc cu trc tng t mao mch trong thi gian vi ngy (i chng l vi thng).Tc ng trc tip ln dng chy (tng tc): Do nh hng ln h thng in tch mng t bo v cu hnh khng gian ca cc i phn t, lm gim nht ca mu.Hai hiu ng trn lm tng vi tun hon, gim nguy c nghn mch sau chn thng.Gy hiu ng st t: Tc ng ln chnh phn t Hb, rt tch cc nhng ni mu chy chm v nng xy cao (nh cc ng mch ch)Hiu ng gin mch: Tc dng ny nh hng h ng mu v cc cc mu ng, ci thin mc nui dng cc vng b thng tn. D,T i vi h min dch C min dch th dch v min dch t bo.Nhiu nghin cu chng t in t trng xung thch hp lm tng hot tnh thc bo, th hin cc ch s: % bch cu thc bo, s ht trung bnh c 1 bch cu thc bo.Thng k trong 10 nm vin Odessa ti lin bang Nga trn 920 bnh nhn h xng khp c m c iu tr bng t trng cho thy: so vi phc kinh in th t l tn ph do cc bin chng nhim trng gim 3 ln. E,Mt s vt liu t ang c s dng gi gn sc khe

Dy truyn t: gn 5-6 vin t, tc ng ln vng phn x vai c. Vng t c tay: gn 4-5 vin t, tc ng ln ng mch c tay (ng mch quay)

iu chnh tun hon ngoi vi. ai lng t: gn cc vin t gn vng ct sng lng nhm gim au, hn ch thoi

ha. dp t: gn 2-3 vin t tng ng vi cc huyt v chnh lng bn chn nhm n

nh t trng c th.

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

Gi t: gn 10-20 vin t trn khn tri gi iu ha tun hon vng u c, to gic ng thoi mi.

Cc (nc) t: gn nam chm thnh v y, cch ly vi nc trong cc. Sau khi vo 5-10 pht nc s tng hot tnh, gim nht, ung iu ha t trng ni sinh, tun hon mu v dch th. 1-2h sau nu ko dng, nc s tr li bnh thng.

2,ng dng ca in trng trong y hc A/DNG IN XUNG Xung in l mt dng xung khng lin tc trong mt thi gian ngn c xung sau l khong ngh. Dng in xung l dng in c nhiu xung in lin tip to ra. Dng in xung khng i hng l dng in xung mt chiu, dng xung lun i hng gi l dng in xung xoay chiu. a/ Tc dng sinh l ca dng in xung Tc dng c ch : gim au v gim trng lc c Tc dng kch thch thn kinh c Hin tng quen ca c th i vi dng in xung b/ S dng dng in xung trong iu tr au Dng xung mt chiu: tng tc cc Ti cc (+): tc dng c ch(gim hng phn)nn c tc dng gim au Ti cc (-) : tc dng kch thch, gin mch, nn c dng kch thch thn kinh c * Dng xoay chiu : Khng phn cc nn khng gy tn thng da do c th tng cng cao tc dng su. B/DNG IN MT CHIU 1.Tc dng

Tc dng ln cc ion Tc dng gin mch

in di thuc. in di thuc (electrophoresis) l phng php dng dng in mt chiu di chuyn mt s ion thuc iu tr vo c th hoc ly cc ion thuc c hi ra khi c th.

Chuyn vt l Mt s ng dng ph bin ca vt l trong y hc

III. MT S NG DNG CA C -NHIT TRONG Y HC A. NG DNG CA NHIT :

1,IU TR NHIT NNG: a,Tc dng ca nhit nng: Phn ng vn mch: nhit nng gy gin ng mch nh v mao mch ti ch, c th lan rng ra mt b phn hay ton thn. Tc dng gin mch lm tng cng tun hon, tng cng dinh dng v chuyn ha ti ch, t c tc dng gim au i vi cc chng au mn tnh. Vi h thn kinh: c tc dng an thn, iu ha chc nng thn kinh, th gin c co tht, iu ha thn kinh thc vt. do c tc dng tt vi cc chng au mn tnh gy co c. Tc dn gim au: ph thuc vo loi au v nguyn nhn au. Cc phng php iu tr: nhit dn truyn- paraffin: c tnh ca paraffin: Paraffin l hn hp c nhiu hydrocarbua t du ha, paraffin dng trong iu tr l loi tinh khit, trung tnh, mu trng, khng c. Khi p ming paraffin nng vo da s kch thch tng tit m hi nhng m hi ny vn cn ng li lm cho da lun m, mm mi v tng tnh n hi. Cc phng php s dng Paraffin: p Paraffin. Nhng Paraffin. bc x hng ngoi: c tnh ca hng ngoi: Bc x hng ngoi l bc x khng nhn thy c c bc sng trong khong 760-400000nm, ngun pht c nhit cng cao th bc x ra tia hng ngoi c bc sng cng nh. L bc x c nhit lng cao nn gi l bc x nhit. xuyn su ca bc x hng ngoi vo c th nhn chung l rt km, ch khong 1-3mm.